小分队视导:促进教师专业发展的新型教研方式

针对当前区域教研存在的问题,阐述了"小分队视导"这一新型教研方式的工作特点和以问题为核心、以课例为载体、以名师为示范、以反思为宗旨、以"教学新时空"为平台、以反馈为手段,来促进化学教师专业发展的实践与思考。     

辅酶催化安息香缩合反应的实验探讨

以苯甲醛为原料,以辅酶为催化剂和以四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,经过安息香缩合反应制备二苯羟乙酮。     

基于真实情境下的悬疑探究——“常见酸式盐”复习课教学设计

以"常见酸式盐"复习课为素材,以分类观、离子反应和氧化还原理论为指导,以真实问题为背景,以实验探究为手段,为如何整理零散元素化合物知识及研究物质性质提供了范例。     

铈及氟铈联用对CaHPO4·2H2O在水溶液中的转化产物的影响

以XRD和IR为表征手段,以恒pH法为溶解实验方法,研究了37℃下以铈单独处理和氟铈联用处理对二水磷酸氢钙(CaHPO4·     

化工基础多媒体课件开发探讨

以建构主义学习理论为指导,以现代教育技术为手段,以实施学习环境设计为核心,以有效发挥学生学习的主动性、积极性、创造性和提高教学质量为目标,通过多媒体技术与现代教学模式、方法和思想的有机结合,开发以研究性教学为背景的化工基础多媒体课件,初步实现了化工基础课程教学方法和手段的创新以及教学过程和内容的优化。     

KAQ教育模式在“制药工艺学”教学中的应用

结合教学实践,介绍了以知识为基础、以能力为重心、以素质为标向的KAQ教育模式应用在"制药工艺学"教学实践中的具体做法和措施。     

一种饱和漆酚基功能涂料的合成及性能研究

以黄陵县生漆为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,经过离心,然后以Pd/C为催化剂,加氢还原制备粗饱和漆酚。以石油醚-乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂,通过柱层析分离纯化,得饱和漆酚。LCMS分析发现,以脂肪支链为C_(15)的饱和漆酚为主且饱和漆酚在酸性介质中主要以醌的形式存在;进一步研究了以饱和漆酚、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为原料,以ε-己内酰胺为封端剂,合成了透明的饱和漆酚基功能涂料,用红外分析证实了产物的结构。测试了饱和漆酚基功能涂料涂膜的抗溶剂性能、耐酸碱性能和抗老化性能,结果表明漆膜具有良好的性能。     

以水、甲苯及其混合溶剂超临界萃取煤的研究

在半连续萃取装置上,以水、甲苯及其混合物为溶剂对黄县褐煤进行了非等温超临界萃取,考察了不同溶剂对萃取过程的影响。结果表明,以甲苯为溶剂的萃取率高于以水为溶剂的。以水为溶剂萃取物中的沥青烯和预沥青烯的H/C原子比高于以甲苯为溶剂的,而O/C原子比则低。在水中加入适量甲苯,能够明显改善萃取效果,大幅度提高萃取率。     

以环糊精为端基或核的大分子

综述了以环糊精为端基的线形大分子和以环糊精为核的星型大分子的合成技术及功能。现有研究表明其合成方法主要以可控/＂活性＂自由基聚合、活性阴离子聚合为主。以环糊精为端基和以环糊精为核的大分子作为一类功能型聚合物,兼具了环糊精分子与聚合物母体的功能及特点,可在一定条件下实现对客体分子的包合,增强生物相容性及高效的基因传递能力...     

以实验为基础的初中化学教学设计研究

以先进的教学理论为指导,以实验研究法为主,辅以调查法、文献资料法,通过以实验为基础的初中化学教学设计研究,构建了以实验为基础的初中化学教学设计框架,试验结果表明,学生的科学探究能力、创新精神和实践能力得到发展,突出了化学的学科特征。     

金蒲抑瘤片在鼻咽癌的临床应用研究

为探讨鼻咽癌患者放疗期间合并应用金蒲抑瘤片治疗对细胞免疫功能及血中微量元素硒、锌、铜的影响，经病理证实鼻咽癌患者58例，随机分为放疗服药组30例和单纯放疗组28例。两组放疗前后抽静脉血测定T细胞亚群（CD3＋，CD4＋，CD8＋，CD4＋／CD8＋），血中微量元素硒，锌，铜并与30例健康者（正常对照组）进行比较。结果表明，鼻咽癌患者血中微量元素硒，锌，铜及CD3＋，CD4＋，CD4＋／CD8＋显著低于健康人，放疗期间合并应用金蒲抑瘤片治疗后血中微量元素硒，锌，铜及CD3＋，CD4＋，CD4＋／CD8＋较服药前显著升高。提示鼻咽癌患者细胞免疫功能低下，血中微量元素硒，锌，铜显著低于健康人。金蒲抑瘤片能提高鼻咽癌患者因中微量元素硒，锌，铜含量，使低下的细胞免疫功能迅速恢复。     

CRYSTALLIZATION OF BLENDS OF AN ASYMMETRIC POLY（OXYETHYLENE）-b-POLY（OXYBUTYLENE） BLOCK COPOLYMER WITH POLY（OXYBUTYLENE）

An oxyethylene/oxybutylene block copolymer with asymmetric volume fraction (E115B103) was blended with oxybutylene homopolymer (Bh) at different volume fractions of the block (φE). Crystallization behavior of the blends was studied and was compared with that of the blends from a symmetric block copolymer (E114B56). It was found that the crystallization temperature of E115B103/B28 blend is lower than that of the blends from symmetric block copolymer. For the blend with φE= 0.30 breakout crystallization with an Avrami exponent n ≈ 3.0 is observed. At φE = 0.22 the blend exhibits a variable crystallization behavior: confined crystallization with n ≈ 1.0 at lower crystallization temperatures but breakout crystallization at high crystallization temperatures. For the blend with φE = 0.14 and sphere morphology confined crystallization occurs at all crystallization temperatures studied. When compared with the blends from symmetric block copolymer, confined crystallization occurs more easily in the E115B103/B28 blends. The SAXS results agree with the isothermal crystallization kinetics. Deformation of the confined crystalline block is observed in the blend with φE = 0.14 and mixed lamellar and cylinder morphologies in the blend with φE = 0.22.     

乳腺癌术前灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声联合应用对预后的预测价值

目的探究乳腺癌术前灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声联合应用对预后的预测价值。方法选取温州医科大学附属第一医院2013年5月—2015年5月期间收治的乳腺癌患者83例,治疗前均行灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声检查,分析患者超声检查结果、临床征象与术后随访2年期间患者预后的关系,从而分析术前灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声联合应用对乳腺癌患者预后的预测价值。结果乳腺癌肿块边界清晰、边界不清晰、边界恶性晕的患者2年无瘤生存率依次降低,边界恶性晕与边界不清晰患者死亡率均显著高于边界清晰患者(P0.05);肿瘤≥2 cm患者2年无瘤生存率显著低于2 cm患者;淋巴结转移患者2年无瘤生存率显著低于无转移患者(P0.05);血流分级Ⅱ级患者2年无瘤生存率明显低于0级(P0.05),Ⅲ级患者2年无瘤生存率显著低于0级和Ⅰ级(P0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者术前联合应用灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声检查可确定肿瘤边界、大小及淋巴转移等征象,其与患者无瘤生存率、死亡率等预后指标密切相关,可作为预测乳腺癌患者预后的重要方法。     

合成聚芳酯树状分子的新方法

以３，５－二羟基 苯甲酸为起始原料，经甲醇酯化保护羧基，与苯甲酰氯反应，得到３，５－二苯甲酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯用ＡｌＣｌ３．ＮａＩ去掉保护基甲基，以高收率得到３，５－二苯甲酰氧基苯甲酸。其结构均是由ＩＲ，＾１ＨＮＭＲ，ＥＡ等方法证实。     

Comparison of electrothermal atomization diode laser Zeeman- and wavelength-modulated atomic absorption and coherent forward scattering spectrometry

Atomic absorption and coherent forward scattering spectrometry by using a near-infrared diode laser with and without Zeeman and wavelength modulation were carried out with graphite furnace electrothermal atomization. Analytical curves and limits of detection were compared. The magnetic field was modulated with 50 Hz, and the wavelength of the diode laser with 10 kHz. Coherent forward scattering was measured with crossed and slightly uncrossed polarizers. The results show that the detection limits of atomic absorption spectrometry are roughly the same as those of coherent forward scattering spectrometry with crossed polarizers. According to the theory with bright flicker noise limited laser sources the detection limits and linear ranges obtained with coherent forward scattering spectrometry with slightly uncrossed polarizers are significantly better than those obtained with crossed polarizers and with atomic absorption spectrometry. This is due to the fact that employing approaches of polarization spectroscopy reduce laser intensity fluctuations to their signal carried fractions.     

Growth of Au@Ag Core–Shell Pentatwinned Nanorods: Tuning the End Facets

Au@Ag core–shell nanorods with tunable end facets are obtained by coating Au bipyramids (BPs) with Ag. The resultant nanorods exhibit a pentatwinned crystal structure with tips terminated with either {110} or {111} facets. The control over the end facets is achieved by varying the capping agents and tuning the reduction rate of Ag. Specifically, when Ag is reduced slowly, Au@Ag nanorods with flat {110} end facets are formed with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the capping agent. If CTAB is replaced with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), Au@Ag nanorods with tips terminated with {111} facets are obtained. However, at a high Ag reduction rate, dumbbell‐shaped Au@Ag nanorods are formed, with either CTAB or CTAC as the capping agent. The morphological evolution of the nanorods in each case is closely followed and a growth mechanism is proposed.     

Hydrophile Polymergele mit reaktiven Gruppen, 4. Mitt.: Chelatharze mit schwefelhaltigen Ankergruppen auf Basis von Saccharosemethacrylaten

Chelating resins with thioglycolate anchor groups have been synthesized by reaction of sucrosemethacrylate gels with thioglycolic acid. The capacities of the gels were found to be extremely high for Ag⁺ (5,3 mmol/g) and Hg²⁺ (4,9 mmol/g). About 1 mmol Hg²⁺/g could be recovered from the gel reversibly by treatment with hydrochloric acid. The removal of Hg²⁺ from aqueous 3M alkalichloride solutions was possible with capacities of 1 mmol/g.Sucrosemethacrylate gels with primary aromatic amino group were reacted with CS₂/NH₃ to yield gels with dithiocarbamate groups. Gels with thiorea groups were prepared by reaction of the amino groups with NH₄SCN/HCl. Diazotation of the amino groups, subsequent reaction with potassium xanthogenate and hydrolysis afforded gels with thiol groups. Thiol containing gels were synthesized also by reaction of the diazotised gels with Na₂S₂ and subsequent reduction with Na₂S. Reaction of the diazotised gels with mercaptans yielded resins with thioether anchor groups. The capacities of the sulfur containing gels were found to be max. 4,1 mmol/g for Hg²⁺ and 5,9 mmol/g for Ag⁺. About 35% of the bonded Hg²⁺ could be eluted resersibly with 3N-HCl.

     

西维来司钠的合成

以对羟基苯磺酸钠为原料，经2，2-二甲基丙酰氯缩合、与氯化亚砜反应而成4-(2，2-二甲基丙酰氧基)苯磺酰氯，再经与2-氨基苯甲酸缩合、与甘氨酸苄酯成酰胺、加氢脱去保护基团，最后与氢氧化钠成盐而合成了西维来司钠。     

A hierarchically zeolite Y for the N-heterocyclic compounds synthesis

High activity and selectivity of the hierarchical H-Ymmm zeolite in the synthesis of practically important pyridines (by interaction of C₂–C₄ alcohols with formaldehyde and ammonia, cyclocondensation of acetaldehyde and propanal with ammonia), dialkyl quinolines (by reaction of aniline with aldehydes) and alkyl dihydroquinolines (by reaction of aniline with ketones- acetone, acetophenone) were revealed in the research.The advantages of the micro-meso-macroporous H-Ymmm zeolite over the microporous H-Y zeolite in the synthesis of pyridines and quinolines were demonstrated. In the products formed by the reaction of ethanol with formaldehyde and ammonia, picolines (up to 63%) and lutidine are predominant in H-Ymmm, Pb-H-Ymmm and Fe-H-Ymmm zeolites. The interaction of n-propanol (n-butanol) with formaldehyde and ammonia in the presence of H-Ymmm zeolite with high selectivity produced 3,5-lutidine (up to 90%) or 3,5-diethylpyridine (85%). H-Ymmm zeolite makes it possible to prepare 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine with 87% selectivity (reaction of acetaldehyde with ammonia) and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyridine with 58% selectivity (reaction of propanal with ammonia).The synthesis of dialkylquinolines and dialkyltetrahydroquinolines with a total selectivity of 65–73% by the interaction of aniline with C₃–C₅ aldehydes has been carried out. The dihydroquinoline derivatives with the selectivity of up to 70% have been synthesized by the reaction of aniline with ketones (acetone, acetophenone).     

表面等离子体子共振传感器用于研究不同材质包裹的磁性纳米粒子性质

利用自行设计组装的以白色发光二极管为光源的表面等离子体子共振传感器实验装置, 检测了不同材质包裹的磁性纳米粒子连接靶向DNA与生物素化DNA探针的结合程度. 结果表明, 与聚苯乙烯磁性微球连接的靶向DNA相比, Fe3O4@SiO2核壳式纳米微球连接的靶向DNA与生物素化的DNA探针结合速率较快, 且其相对标准偏差较小.