分子筛硅／铝比对Cu-ZnO-Al2O3／HMCM-22催化合成二甲醚反应性能的影响

以六亚甲基亚胺为模板剂,采用动态水热晶化法合成了不同硅/铝比的HMCM-22分子筛,并以其为甲醇脱水活性组分与铜基甲醇合成活性组分(Cu-ZnO-Al2O3)组成双功能催化剂,在连续流动加压固定床微型反应器上考察了其对合成气直接制二甲醚反应的催化性能. 结果表明,随着HMCM-22分子筛硅/铝比的增大, CO转化率变化不大,但CO2和烃类副产物的生成量逐渐减少,从而导致目的产物二甲醚的选择性和收率均逐渐升高. 氨程序升温脱附和吡啶吸附红外光谱表征结果表明,随着分子筛硅/铝比的增大, HMCM-22分子筛的酸中心的数量逐渐减少.     

磷改性HZSM-5分子筛的制备及其在合成气一步法制二甲醚反应中的应用

 以磷酸为前驱体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同P2O5含量(分别为5%, 10%和15%)的磷改性HZSM-5分子筛(P2O5/HZSM-5), 并采用氨程序升温脱附和吡啶吸附红外光谱法研究了其酸性. 结果表明,随着P2O5含量的增大, P2O5/HZSM-5样品的酸量尤其是强Brnsted酸位的酸量逐渐减少. 以上述P2O5/HZSM-5分子筛为甲醇脱水催化剂与工业甲醇合成催化剂(Cu-ZnO-Al2O3)组成双功能催化剂,在连续流动加压固定床反应器上考察了其对合成气一步法制二甲醚反应的催化性能. 结果表明,以适量磷(10%P2O5)改性的HZSM-5分子筛作为甲醇脱水催化剂,可使产物中二氧化碳和烃类副产物的选择性分别由改性前的43.3%和3.0%下降至低于33%和0.1%, 从而使二甲醚的选择性由49.7%提高到63%以上. 当P2O5/HZSM-5中的磷含量(15%P2O5)过高时,产物中甲醇的选择性高达30%以上,表明反应所生成的中间产物甲醇无法有效地转化,从而使二甲醚的选择性和一氧化碳的转化率均大大降低.     

Effects of silicon to aluminum ratio and crystal size of zeolite on catalytic properties of Cu-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5 for the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas

采用水热晶化法合成了硅铝比(SiO2/Al2O3)为60、120、200和晶粒粒径分别为1.00和0.25μm的HZSM-5分子筛,并以其为甲醇脱水活性组分与铜基甲醇合成活性组分(Cu-ZnO-Al2O3)组成双功能催化剂(Cu-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5),在连续流动加压固定床反应器上考察了Cu-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5对合成气直接制二甲醚反应的催化性能.结果表明,随着分子筛硅铝比的提高,二氧化碳副产物的生成量逐渐减少,从而使目的产物二甲醚的选择性逐渐增大.与常规分子筛相比,小晶粒分子筛的反应活性接近,但二氧化碳和烃类副产物的选择性较低.     

氧化铝的改性及其在合成气直接制二甲醚反应中的应用

 采用浸渍法制备了经硼、磷和硫的含氧酸根阴离子改性的γ-Al2O3, 以其为甲醇脱水活性组分,与铜基甲醇合成活性组分CuO-ZnO-Al2O3组成双功能催化剂,并在连续流动加压固定床反应器上考察了催化剂对合成气直接制二甲醚反应的催化性能. 结果表明, SO2-4改性可以显著提高γ-Al2O3的甲醇脱水活性,从而提高产物中二甲醚的选择性和一氧化碳的转化率. 此外,还详细研究了SO2-4改性条件如SO2-4含量、焙烧温度及前驱物种类的影响. 结果表明,当SO2-4含量为10%, 焙烧温度为550 ℃时,二甲醚的选择性及一氧化碳的转化率最高; SO2-4前驱物的种类对其改性效果的影响很小.     

镁改性HZSM-5对Cu-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5催化合成气直接制二甲醚反应的影响

 采用浸渍法制备了一系列MgO改性的HZSM-5分子筛,并以MgO/HZSM-5为甲醇脱水催化剂与Cu-ZnO-Al2O3甲醇合成催化剂组成双功能催化剂,在连续流动加压固定床反应器上考察了其对合成气直接制二甲醚反应的催化性能. 结果表明,以适量MgO改性的HZSM-5分子筛组成的双功能催化剂上,二甲醚选择性可高达64.8%,CO2和烃类副产物的选择性分别为30.2%和0.4%; 由未改性的HZSM-5分子筛组成的双功能催化剂上,二甲醚选择性仅为49.1%,CO2和烃类副产物的选择性则分别高达37.1%和9.3%. 当MgO含量过高时,则CO转化率和二甲醚选择性均降低. 根据实验结果,提出了甲醇在MgO/HZSM-5上脱水的反应机理.     

在Pd/Y分子筛上CO+H_2反应

用离子交换方法制备了一系列Pd/MY分子筛催化剂(M=Li,Na,K,Cs,Cu,Zn)。在静态循环装置中考察了这些催化剂对CO+H_2反应的活性和选择性。在pH_2=40kPa,pCO=20kPa 和180℃的条件下,CO+H_2反应的主要产物为甲醇和二甲醚。碱金属离子促进甲醇的生成,而酸中心有助于产物甲醇的脱水反应。     

氟硅酸铵改性纳米HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯

在静态条件下, 采用不同浓度的氟硅酸铵溶液对纳米ZSM-5分子筛进行了改性处理. 利用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、²⁷Al 魔角旋转固体核磁共振(²⁷Al MAS NMR)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、N₂ 吸附、透射电镜(TEM)、NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-IR)等技术对改性前后纳米ZSM-5分子筛的骨架结构、织构性质、酸性质进行了表征. 并在常压、反应温度为450℃、甲醇质量空速(WHSV)为1 h^-1的条件下, 研究了改性前后纳米HZSM- 的甲醇制丙烯(MTP)催化性能. 结果表明, 合适浓度的氟硅酸铵处 理能够选择性地脱除纳米ZSM-5 分子筛的外表面铝, 从而使得HZSM-5 的酸密度降低, 比表面积和孔容增大, MTP催化性能显著提高. 氟硅酸铵改性后纳米HZSM-5 的丙烯选择性和丙烯/乙烯(P/E)质量比分别由原来的 28.8%和2.6提高到45.1%和8.0, 催化剂寿命增加了近2倍.     

含有多级孔复合分子筛的复合催化剂上合成气一步制二甲醚

以Beta分子筛为核、Y型分子筛为壳层的多级孔复合分子筛(BFZ)作为甲醇脱水催化剂用于固定床中合成气一步法制备二甲醚,并与纯Y型分子筛进行了比较,研究了二甲醚合成催化反应活性与甲醇脱水催化剂孔道结构和酸性之间的关系.结果表明,复合分子筛HBFZ具有中等强度的酸性和中孔孔道结构,有利于提高合成气制备二甲醚的催化反应活性.二甲醚直接合成催化剂由工业CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂(CZA)与分子筛(HBFZ、HY)采用机械混合方法制备;催化评价结果显示,CZA/HBFZ比CZA/HY具有更优的催化活性和稳定性.在250 ℃, 5.0 MPa 和 1 500 h^-1的反应条件下,CZA/HBFZ催化剂上CO的转化率和DME的选择性分别达到94.2%和67.9%.     

分子筛催化剂上甲醇与三聚甲醛缩合制聚甲醛二甲醚

对HY、HZSM-5、Hβ和HMCM-22分子筛催化剂上甲醇与三聚甲醛缩合制聚甲醛二甲醚（PODE_n或DMM_n）的反应性能进行了研究,考察了分子筛种类和酸性对产物分布的影响。结果显示,以酸性分子筛为催化剂,甲醇与三聚甲醛可缩合得到聚甲醛二甲醚。HY分子筛上反应产物主要为短链的甲缩醛（DMM）;HZSM-5和Hβ分子筛上产物以DMM₁~3为主,其柴油添加剂组分DMM₃~8的收率分别为6.40%和13.78%;HMCM-22分子筛为催化剂时,长链的聚合物收率明显增加,其柴油添加剂组分DMM₃~8的收率可以达到29.39%。NH₃-TPD表征结果表明催化剂表面的酸性对产物分布有着明显的影响：表面弱酸位有利于短链产物DMM的生成,而中等强度的表面酸性位则能促进柴油添加组分DMM₃~8的生成。     

分子筛硅铝比及晶粒粒径对 Cu-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5催化剂直接合成二甲醚反应性能的影响

采用水热晶化法合成了硅铝比(SiO₂/Al₂O₃)为60、120、200和晶粒粒径分别为1.00和0.25 μm的HZSM-5分子筛,并以其为甲醇脱水活性组分与铜基甲醇合成活性组分(Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃)组成双功能催化剂(Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃/HZSM-5),在连续流动加压固定床反应器上考察了Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃/HZSM-5对合成气直接制二甲醚反应的催化性能。结果表明,随着分子筛硅铝比的提高,二氧化碳副产物的生成量逐渐减少,从而使目的产物二甲醚的选择性逐渐增大。与常规分子筛相比,小晶粒分子筛的反应活性接近,但二氧化碳和烃类副产物的选择性较低。     

HMCM-22分子筛催化1,3-苯并二噁茂烷类化合物合成的研究

研究了HMCM-22分子筛催化邻苯二酚与环己酮、丁酮、丙酮、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、正己醛、正辛醛、苯甲醛、二苯甲酮等十余种醛(酮)的缩合反应.考察了反应时间、酚与醛(酮)的配比、HMCM-22分子筛用量等因素对酚与醛(酮)反应的影响.结果表明,当酚与醛(酮)摩尔比为1∶1.4,催化剂用量为3.5 g/1mol醛(酮),反应5 h,选择性一般在97%以上,转化率也一般在70%以上,表明HMCM-22分子筛对邻苯二酚与醛(酮)的反应有较好的催化性能.     

酸碱双功能MgO/HMCM-22催化剂上Knoevenagel缩合反应

采用浸渍法制备了一系列MgO改性催化剂MgO/HMCM-22, 利用X射线衍射、N₂物理吸附-脱附、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、NH₃及CO₂程序升温脱附等技术对所制催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, MgO改性后MCM-22分子筛仍保持原有的结构; 随着MgO负载量的增加, 催化剂的碱强度和碱含量显著增加, 而强酸含量明显减少, 弱酸酸位有所增加. 以Knoevenagel缩合为探针反应, 考察了所制催化剂的性能. 在优化的反应条件下, MgO/HMCM-22上苯甲醛转化率高达92.6%. 催化剂 MgO/HMCM-22和MgO/NaMCM-22的催化性能明显优于HMCM-22和MgO. 酸中心和碱中心均对该缩合反应起着重要的促进作用. MgO/HMCM-22对Knoevenagel缩合反应显示出较高的催化活性, 体现出明显的酸碱协同催化作用.     

MgO/HMCM-22择形催化乙苯与碳酸二乙酯烷基化合成对二乙苯

以硝酸镁为前驱体,通过等体积浸渍法制备不同负载量的MgO/HMCM-22催化剂.用X射线衍射、NH<,3>程序升温脱附和吡啶吸附红外光谱表征催化剂的结构和酸性.在气相连续流动固定床反应器上考察了MgO负载量、反应温度、乙苯(EB)与碳酸二乙酯(DEC)摩尔比对EB与DEC烷基化反应合成对二乙苯(p-DEB)的影响.实验...     

The synergic effect between Mo species and acid sites in Mo/HMCM-22 catalysts for methane aromatization

The acid properties of Mo/HMCM-22 catalyst, which is the precursor form of the working catalyst for methane aromatization reaction, and the synergic effect between Mo species and acid sites were studied and characterized by various characterization techniques. It is concluded that Br?nsted and Lewis acidities of HMCM-22 are modified due to the introduction of molybdenum. We suggest a monomer of Mo species is formed by the exchange of Mo species with the Br?nsted acid sites. On the other hand, coordinate unsaturated sites (CUS) are suggested to be responsible for the formation of newly detected Lewis acid sites. Computer modelling is established and coupling with experimental results, it is then speculated that the effective activation of methane is properly accomplished on Mo species accommodated in the 12 MR supercages of MCM-22 zeolite whereas the Br?nsted acid sites in the same channel system play a key role for the formation of benzene. A much more pronounced volcano-typed reactivity curve of the Mo/HMCM-22 catalysts, as compared with that of the Mo/HZSM-5, with respect to Mo loading is found and this can be well understood due to the unique channel structure of MCM-22 zeolite and synergic effect between Mo species and acid sites.     

n -Heptane and methylcyclohexane transformation over a HMCM-22 zeolite. Origin of the features typical of large-or of medium-pore zeolites

The main features of methylcyclohexane (mch) and n-heptane (n-C₇) transformation at 350°C were compared for fresh samples of HMWW, HMFI and HFAU zeolites. With both reactions, the behavior of HMWW was between those of the medium HMFI and large pore HFAU zeolites. Thus, the values of turnover frequency (TOF) and of the TOF_mch/n-C7 ratio were similar with HMWW and HMFI and much higher with HFAU. In contrast, small differences were found between product distributions over HMWW and HFAU but large differences between HMWW and HMFI. These observations can be explained by alkane transformation in the large supercages with 10-MR apertures of HMWW: the narrow apertures limit diffusion of the mch within the supercages, but not the diffusion of the products which are therefore typical of the transformation within large cages hence without any steric limitation.     

Catalytic Performance of Modified HMCM‐22 Catalysts in Xylene Isomerization

HMCM‐22 catalysts modified with La₂O₃ (5% La) and MgO (≈0.87% Mg) were prepared respectively by impregnation method, and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, N₂ physical adsorption‐desorption and temperature‐programmed desorption of NH₃. The effect of supported metallic oxides (La₂O₃, MgO) on catalytic performance in xylene isomerization of C8 aromatics (ethylbenzene, m‐xylene and o‐xylene) was investigated in detail. The experimental results showed that 5% La/HMCM‐22 catalyst had higher isomerization activity and stronger shape‐selectivity than 0.87% Mg/HMCM‐22 catalyst, owing to its more acid sites and smaller pore size. And the loading amount of La was optimized to be about 7%. Moreover, supporting metal over 7% La/HMCM‐22, respectively with 0.3% Pt, 3% Ni and 3% Mo, was carried out to prepare bifunctional isomerization catalysts. In comparison, 3% Mo/7% La/HMCM‐22 showed the best catalytic performance with both high activity and high selectivity, with the low hydrocracking of m‐xylene and o‐xylene. Besides, the optimal reaction conditions were found: 340°C, 1.5 MPa H₂, WHSV 4 h^?1 and H₂/C8 4 mol/mol. Under the above conditions, ethylbenzene conversion was up to 20%, para‐selectivity was over 23% with low xylene loss of 2.9%.     

A 13CO isotopic study on the CO promotion effect in methane dehydroaromatization reaction over a Mo/HMCM-49 catalyst

The promotion effect of CO in methane dehydroaromatization was investigated using 13CO probe molecules. By alternative injection of 13CO to the methane feed,the distribution of 13CxC6-xH6(x=0-3)products changed significantly,confirming the participation of13CO in the reaction network.The addition of 13CO did not change the conversion of CH4 but improved slightly the durability of the methane dehydroaromatization(MDA)reaction,which might be caused by the interaction of the dissociated oxygen species and the ...     

在反应温度下以1％O2对Mo／MCM－22催化剂的原位再生

In recent years, the catalytic dehydroaromatization of methane to yield aromatics has been a challenging and intriguing topic in heterogeneous catalysis. Until now, the two effective methane dehydroaromatization catalysts are Mo/HZSM-5[1] and Mo/MCM-22[2]. However, this reaction suffers from rapid catalyst deactivation due to coking[3].