2‐Bromo‐1,3‐bis[2‐(2‐naphthyl)vinyl]benzene benzene hemisolvate and 9‐bromodinaphth[1,2‐a:2′,1′‐j]anthracene

2‐Bromo‐1,3‐bis[2‐(2‐naphthyl)vinyl]benzene benzene hemisolvate, C₃₀H₂₁Br·0.5C₆H₆, (I), with two formula units in the asymmetric unit, exists in the crystal structure in a conformation in which the trans (2‐naphthyl)vinyl substituents on the central bromobenzene moiety appear as nearly fully extended `wings', while 9‐bromodinaphth[1,2‐a:2′,1′‐j]anthracene, C<sub>30</sub>H<sub>17</sub>Br, (II), adopts a highly nonplanar `manta‐ray' shape, with the H atoms in the interior of the molecule within van der Waals contact distances. The packing of the significantly twisted molecules of (I) generates large voids which are filled by benzene solvent molecules, while molecules of (II) stack compactly with all C—Br bonds parallel within the stack.     

A three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded framework in 2‐amino‐6‐(N‐methylanilino)pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one and a ribbon of fused hydrogen‐bonded rings in 2‐amino‐6‐(N‐methylanilino)‐5‐nitropyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one

The molecular dimensions of both 2‐amino‐6‐(N‐methylanilino)pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one, C₁₁H₁₂N₄O, (I), and 2‐amino‐6‐(N‐methylanilino)‐5‐nitropyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one, C₁₁H₁₁N₅O₃, (II), are consistent with considerable polarization of the molecular–electronic structures. The molecules of (I) are linked into a three‐dimensional framework by a combination of one N—H...N hydrogen bond, two independent N—H...O hydrogen bonds and one C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bond. The molecules of (II) are linked into ribbons containing three types of edge‐fused ring by the combination of two independent three‐centre N—H...(O)₂ hydrogen bonds.     

2‐(4‐Bromophenyl)‐1,2‐dihydropyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazol‐4(3H)‐one and 4‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐3,4‐dihydropyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazol‐2(1H)‐one form hydrogen‐bonded base‐paired dimers

The title compounds, 2‐(4‐bromo­phenyl)‐1,2‐di­hydro­pyrimido­[1,2‐a]­benzimidazol‐4‐(3H)‐one, C₁₆H₁₂Br­N₃O, (IVa), and 4‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐3,4‐dihydropyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazol‐2‐(1H)‐one, C₁₇H₁₅N₃O, (Vb), both form R(8) centrosymmetric dimers via N—H?N hydrogen bonds. The N?N distance is 2.943 (3) Å for (IVa) and 2.8481 (16) Å for (Vb), with the corresponding N—H?N angles being 129 and 167°, respectively. However, in other respects, the supra­molecular structures of the two compounds differ. Both compounds contain different C—H?π interactions, in which the C—H?π(centroid) distances are 2.59 and 2.47 Å for (IVa) and (Vb), respectively (the latter being a short distance), with C—H?π(centroid) angles of 158 and 159°, respectively. The supramolecular structures also differ, with a short Br?O distance of 3.117 (2) Å in bromo derivative (IVa), and a C—H?O interaction with a C?O distance of 3.2561 (19) Å and a C—H?O angle of 127° in tolyl system (Vb). The di­hydro­pyrimido part of (Vb) is disordered, with a ratio of the major and minor components of 0.9:0.1. The disorder consists of two non‐interchangeable envelope conformers, each with an equatorial tolyl group and an axial methine H atom.     

Comparison of the structure of (E)‐2‐(2‐benzylidenehydrazinylidene)quinoxaline with those of its chloro‐ and bromobenzylidene analogues

(E)‐2‐(2‐Benzylidenehydrazinylidene)quinoxaline, C₁₅H₁₂N₄, crystallized with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The structures of six halogen derivatives of this compound were also investigated: (E)‐2‐[2‐(2‐chlorobenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]quinoxaline, C₁₅H₁₁ClN₄; (E)‐2‐[2‐(3‐chlorobenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]quinoxaline, C₁₅H₁₁ClN₄; (E)‐2‐[2‐(4‐chlorobenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]quinoxaline, C₁₅H₁₁ClN₄; (E)‐2‐[2‐(2‐bromobenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]quinoxaline, C₁₅H₁₁BrN₄; (E)‐2‐[2‐(3‐bromobenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]quinoxaline, C₁₅H₁₁BrN₄; (E)‐2‐[2‐(4‐bromobenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]quinoxaline, C₁₅H₁₁BrN₄. The 3‐Cl and 3‐Br compounds are isomorphous, as are the 4‐Cl and 4‐Br compounds. In all of these compounds, it was found that the supramolecular structures are governed by similar predominant patterns, viz. strong intermolecular N—H...N(pyrazine) hydrogen bonds supplemented by weak C—H...N(pyrazine) hydrogen‐bond interactions in the 2‐ and 3‐halo compounds and by C—H...Cl/Br interactions in the 4‐halo compounds. In all compounds, there are π–π stacking interactions.     

Two methyl 3‐(1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1‐carboxylates form different hydrogen‐bonded sheets

In the molecules of both methyl (1RS,3SR,3aRS,6aSR)‐1‐methyl‐3‐(3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐4,6‐dioxo‐5‐phenyloctahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1‐carboxylate, C₂₅H₂₄N₄O₄, (I), and methyl (1RS,3SR,3aRS,6aSR)‐5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐methyl‐3‐(3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐4,6‐dioxooctahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1‐carboxylate, C₂₅H₂₃ClN₄O₄, (II), the two rings of the pyrrolopyrrole fragment are both nonplanar, with conformations close to half‐chair forms. The overall conformations of the molecules of (I) and (II) are very similar, apart from the orientation of the ester function. The molecules of (I) are linked into sheets by a combination of an N—H...π(pyrrole) hydrogen bond and three independent C—H...O hydrogen bonds. The molecules of (II) are also linked into sheets, which are generated by a combination of an N—H...N hydrogen bond and two independent C—H...O hydrogen bonds, weakly augmented by a C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bond.     

Similar molecular constitutions but different conformations and different supramolecular assemblies in two related fused tetracyclic benzo[b]pyrimido[5,4‐f]azepine derivatives

A simple and effective two‐step approach to tricyclic pyrimidine‐fused benzazepines has been adapted to give the tetracyclic analogues. In (RS)‐8‐chloro‐6‐methyl‐1,2,6,7‐tetrahydropyrimido[5′,4′:6,7]azepino[3,2,1‐hi]indole, C₁₅H₁₄ClN₃, (I), the five‐membered ring adopts an envelope conformation, as does the reduced pyridine ring in (RS)‐9‐chloro‐7‐methyl‐2,3,7,8‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrimido[5′,4′:6,7]azepino[3,2,1‐ij]quinoline, C₁₆H₁₆ClN₃, (II). However, the seven‐membered rings in (I) and (II) adopt very different conformations, with the result that the methyl substituent occupies a quasi‐axial site in (I) but a quasi‐equatorial site in (II). The molecules of (I) are linked by C—H...N hydrogen bonds to form C(5) chains and inversion‐related pairs of chains are linked by a π–π stacking interaction. A combination of a C—H...π hydrogen bond and two C—Cl...π interactions links the molecules of (II) into complex sheets. Comparisons are made with some similar fused heterocyclic compounds.     

Two (E)‐2‐({[4‐(dialkylamino)phenyl]imino}methyl)‐4‐nitrophenols

The slow evaporation of analytical NMR samples resulted in the formation of crystals of (E)‐2‐({[4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]imino}methyl)‐4‐nitrophenol, C₁₅H₁₅N₃O₃, (I), and (E)‐2‐({[4‐(diethylamino)phenyl]imino}methyl)‐4‐nitrophenol, C₁₇H₁₉N₃O₃, (II). Despite the small structural difference between these two N‐salicylideneaniline derivatives, they show different space groups and diverse molecular packing. The molecules of both compounds are close to being planar due to an intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond. The 4‐alkylamino‐substituted benzene ring is inclined at an angle of 13.44 (19)° in (I) and 2.57 (8)° in (II) with respect to the 4‐nitro‐substituted phenol ring. Only very weak intermolecular π–π stacking and C—H...O interactions were found in these structures.     

(E)‐N′‐(4‐Chlorobenzylidene)‐, (E)‐N′‐(4‐bromobenzylidene)‐ and (E)‐N′‐[4‐(diethylamino)benzylidene]‐ derivatives of 4‐hydroxybenzohydrazide

The 4‐chloro‐ [C₁₄H₁₁ClN₂O₂, (I)], 4‐bromo‐ [C₁₄H₁₀BrN₂O₂, (II)] and 4‐diethylamino‐ [C₁₈H₂₁N₃O₂, (III)] derivatives of benzylidene‐4‐hydroxybenzohydrazide, all crystallize in the same space group (P2₁/c), (I) and (II) also being isomorphous. In all three compounds, the conformation about the C=N bond is E. The molecules of (I) and (II) are relatively planar, with dihedral angles between the two benzene rings of 5.75 (12) and 9.81 (17)°, respectively. In (III), however, the same angle is 77.27 (9)°. In the crystal structures of (I) and (II), two‐dimensional slab‐like networks extending in the a and c directions are formed via N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds. The molecules stack head‐to‐tail viaπ–π interactions involving the aromatic rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.7622 (14) Å in (I) and 3.8021 (19) Å in (II)]. In (III), undulating two‐dimensional networks extending in the b and c directions are formed via N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds. The molecules stack head‐to‐head viaπ–π interactions involving inversion‐related benzene rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.6977 (12) and 3.8368 (11) Å].     

2‐Ethylsulfanyl‐7‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrazolo[1,5‐a][1,3,5]triazine: π‐stacked chains of hydrogen‐bonded R22(10) dimers

In the title compound, C₁₅H₁₂N₄OS₂, the bond distances in the fused heterocyclic system show evidence for aromatic‐type delocalization in the pyrazole ring with some bond fixation in the triazine ring. The thiophenyl substituent is slightly disordered over two sets of atomic sites having occupancies of 0.934 (4) and 0.066 (4). The non‐H atoms in the entire molecule are nearly coplanar, with the planes of the furanyl substituent and the major orientation of the thiophenyl substituent making dihedral angles of 5.72 (17) and 1.8 (3)°, respectively, with that of the fused ring system. Molecules are linked into centrosymmetric R₂²(10) dimers by C—H...O hydrogen bonds and these dimers are further linked into chains by a single π–π stacking interaction. Comparisons are made with some related 4,7‐diaryl‐2‐(ethylsulfanyl)pyrazolo[1,5‐a][1,3,5]triazines which contain variously substituted aryl groups in place of the furanyl and thiophenyl substituents in the title compound.     

Hydrogen‐bonded networks in trans‐3‐(3‐pyridyl)acrylic acid and rctt‐3,3′‐(3,4‐dicarboxycyclobutane‐1,2‐diyl)dipyridinium dichloride

The structure of trans‐3‐(3‐pyridyl)acrylic acid, C₈H₇NO₂, (I), possesses a two‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded array of supramolecular ribbons assembled via heterodimeric synthons between the pyridine and carboxyl groups. This compound is photoreactive in the solid state as a result of close contacts between the double bonds of neighbouring molecules [3.821 (1) Å] along the a axis. The crystal structure of the photoproduct, rctt‐3,3′‐(3,4‐dicarboxycyclobutane‐1,2‐diyl)dipyridinium dichloride, C₁₆H₁₆N₂O₄²⁺·2Cl⁻, (II), consists of a three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded network built from crosslinking of helical chains integrated by self‐assembly of dipyridinium cations and Cl⁻ anions via different O—H...Cl, C—H...Cl and N⁺—H...Cl hydrogen‐bond interactions.     

3,5‐Bis{3‐[4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]prop‐2‐enylidene}‐1‐methyl‐4‐piperidone and 3,5‐bis[3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)prop‐2‐enylidene]‐1‐methyl‐4‐piperidone: potential biophotonic materials

The structures of the title compounds, C₂₈H₃₃N₃O, (I), and C₂₆H₂₇NO₃, (II), together with their two‐photon absorption properties and fluorescence activities are reported. Molecules of (II) reside on crystallographic mirror planes containing the piperidone C=O group and N‐methyl H atoms. Because of the conjugation between the donor and acceptor parts, the central heterocycle in both (I) and (II) exhibits a flattened boat conformation, with deviations of the N atom and the opposite C atom from the planar fragment. The dihedral angles between the coplanar heterocyclic atoms and terminal C₆ rings are less than 20° in both (I) and (II). In (I), the N‐methyl group of the ring occupies an equatorial position, but in (II) it is positioned in an axial site. In the crystal structure of (I), weak intermolecular C—H...π(arene) and C—H...O steric contacts link the molecules along the a axis. In the crystal structure of (II), molecules form stacks along the b axis.     

A two‐dimensional layer in N,N′‐bis[2‐(hydroxymethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine and a three‐dimensional network in N,N′‐bis[2‐(hydroxymethyl)benzyl]ethylenediammonium bis(perchlorate)

In both title compounds, C₁₈H₂₄N₂O₂, (Ia), and C₁₈H₂₆N₂O₂²⁺·2ClO₄⁻, (II), respectively, the two aryl rings are strictly parallel, with an inversion centre lying at the mid‐point of each central CH₂—CH₂ bond. Molecules in (Ia) are linked into two‐dimensional layers by N—H...O hydrogen bonds. The component ions in (II) are joined together by a combination of N/O/C—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...π and anion...π interactions, forming a three‐dimensional network. A structural understanding of (Ia) and (II) may provide some useful information about how and why their metal–organic complexes display various biological activities and function in catalytic processes.     

Methyl 2‐benzamido‐4‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐5‐methylbenzoate and N‐{5‐benzoyl‐2‐[(Z)‐2‐methoxyethenyl]‐4‐methylphenyl}benzamide

Methyl 2‐benzamido‐4‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐5‐methylbenzoate, C₂₄H₂₃NO₅, (Ia), and N‐{5‐benzoyl‐2‐[(Z)‐2‐methoxyethenyl]‐4‐methylphenyl}benzamide, C₂₄H₂₁NO₃, (IIa), were formed via a Diels–Alder reaction of appropriately substituted 2H‐pyran‐2‐ones and methyl propiolate or (Z)‐1‐methoxybut‐1‐en‐3‐yne, respectively. Each of these cycloadditions might yield two different regioisomers, but just one was obtained in each case. In (Ia), an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond closes a six‐membered ring. A chain is formed due to aromatic π–π interactions, and a three‐dimensional framework structure is formed by a combination of C—H...O and C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds. Compound (IIa) was formed not only regioselectively but also chemoselectively, with just the triple bond reacting and the double bond remaining unchanged. Compound (IIa) crystallizes as N—H...O hydrogen‐bonded dimers stabilized by aromatic π–π interactions. Dimers of (IIa) are connected into a chain by weak C—H...π(arene) interactions.     

Two seven‐membered heterocycles with 1,2‐diaza ring N atoms: 3,5,7‐triphenyl‐1,2‐diazacyclohepta‐1(7),2‐diene and 3,7‐bis(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐phenyl‐1,2‐diazacyclohepta‐1(7),2‐diene

The title compounds, 3,5,7‐triphenyl‐1,2‐diazacyclohepta‐1(7),2‐diene, C₂₃H₂₀N₂, (I), and 3,7‐bis(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐phenyl‐1,2‐diazacyclohepta‐1(7),2‐diene, C₂₃H₂₀N₂O₂, (II), constitute the first structurally characterized examples of seven‐membered heterocycles with 1,2‐diaza ring N atoms. Compound (I) crystallizes in the space group P, with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit that differ in the conformation of one of the phenyl rings, while (II) crystallizes in the space group C2/c. The C₅N₂ ring in each of (I) and (II) adopts a twist‐boat conformation. Compound (I) exhibits neither C—H...π interactions nor π–π stacking interactions, whereas (II) shows both intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds and a C—H...π interaction that joins the molecules into an infinite chain in the [010] direction.     

Three sterically hindered 6‐amino‐5‐cyano‐2‐methyl‐4‐(1‐naphthyl)‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carboxylate derivatives

In the title compounds, 2‐methoxyethyl 6‐amino‐5‐cyano‐2‐methyl‐4‐(1‐naphthyl)‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carboxylate, C₂₁H₂₀N₂O₄, (II), isopropyl 6‐amino‐5‐cyano‐2‐methyl‐4‐(1‐naphthyl)‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carboxylate, C₂₁H₂₀N₂O₃, (III), and ethyl 6‐amino‐5‐cyano‐2‐methyl‐4‐(1‐naphthyl)‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carboxylate, C₂₀H₁₈N₂O₃, (IV), the heterocyclic pyran ring adopts a flattened boat conformation. In (II) and (III), the carbonyl group and a double bond of the heterocyclic ring are mutually anti, but in (IV) they are mutually syn. The ester O atoms in (II) and (III) and the carbonyl O atom in (IV) participate in intramolecular C—H...O contacts to form six‐membered rings. The dihedral angles between the naphthalene substituent and the closest four atoms of the heterocyclic ring are 73.3 (1), 71.0 (1) and 74.3 (1)° for (II)–(IV), respectively. In all three structures, only one H atom of the NH₂ group takes part in N—H...O [in (II) and (III)] or N—H...N [in (IV)] intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and chains [in (II) and (III)] or dimers [in (IV)] are formed. In (II), weak intermolecular C—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds, and in (III) intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the chains into ladders along the a axis.     

Three closely related thienyl‐substituted 1,4‐epoxynaphtho[1,2‐b]azepines: hydrogen‐bonded assembly in one,two and three dimensions

(2R,4S)‐2‐(3‐Methylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxynaphtho[1,2‐b]azepine, C₁₉H₁₇NOS, (I), crystallizes with a single enantiomer in each crystal, whereas its geometrical isomer (2RS,4SR)‐2‐(5‐methylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxy‐naphtho[1,2‐b]azepine, (II), and (2RS,4SR)‐2‐(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxynaphtho[1,2‐b]azepine, C₁₈H₁₄BrNOS, (III), both crystallize as racemic mixtures. A combination of one C—H...O hydrogen bond and two C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds links the molecules of (I) into a three‐dimensional framework; the molecules of (II) are linked into a C(4)C(4)[R₂²(7)] chain of rings by a combination of C—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds; and in (III), where Z′ = 2, a combination of four C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds and two C—H...π(thienyl) hydrogen bonds links the molecules into complex sheets. Comparisons are made with the assembly patterns in some aryl‐substituted 1,4‐epoxynaphtho[1,2‐b]azepines.     

Hydrogen‐bonded dimers in 3‐amino‐4‐anilino‐1H‐isochromen‐1‐one and a hydrogen‐bonded sheet in 3‐amino‐4‐[methyl(phenyl)amino]‐1H‐isochromen‐1‐one

The molecules of 3‐amino‐4‐anilino‐1H‐isochromen‐1‐one, C₁₅H₁₂N₂O₂, (I), and 3‐amino‐4‐[methyl(phenyl)amino]‐1H‐isochromen‐1‐one, C₁₆H₁₄N₂O₂, (II), adopt very similar conformations, with the substituted amino group PhNR, where R = H in (I) and R = Me in (II), almost orthogonal to the adjacent heterocyclic ring. The molecules of (I) are linked into cyclic centrosymmetric dimers by pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds, while those of (II) are linked into complex sheets by a combination of one three‐centre N—H...(O)₂ hydrogen bond, one two‐centre C—H...O hydrogen bond and two C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds.     

2‐[(E)‐(4‐Hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)amino]‐N‐(2‐methylphenyl)‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1‐benzothiophene‐3‐carboxamide

The title compound, C₂₄H₂₄N₂O₃S, exhibits antifungal and antibacterial properties. The compound crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit, with one molecule exhibiting `orientational disorder' in the crystal structure with respect to the cyclohexene ring. The o‐toluidine groups in both molecules are noncoplanar with the respective cyclohexene‐fused thiophene ring. In both molecules, there is an intramolecular N—H...N hydrogen bond forming a pseudo‐six‐membered ring which locks the molecular conformation and eliminates conformational flexibility. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H...O hydrogen bonds; both molecules in the asymmetric unit form independent chains, each such chain consisting of alternating `ordered' and `disordered' molecules in the crystal lattice.     

1,2‐Bis­(methylsulfanyl)‐1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12)

In the title compound, 1,2‐(SCH₃)₂‐1,2‐closo‐C₂B₁₀H₁₀ or C₄H₁₆B₁₀S₂, the methylsulfanyl groups are bonded to the C atoms of the 1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane cage. The C_cage—C_cage distance is 1.8033 (18) Å and the S—C_cage—C_cage—S torsion angle is 1.07 (13)°. The C_cage—C_cage distance is compared with those in other 1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane derivatives.     

9‐Benzoyl‐3,3,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydroxanthene‐1,8‐dione: molecular conformation and supramolecular aggregation in xanthenediones

In the title compound, C₂₄H₂₆O₄, (I), the central ring of the fused tricyclic ring system adopts a shallow boat conformation, while the two outer rings adopt envelope conformations. The molecules are linked into C(9) chains by a single C—H...O hydrogen bond. The significance of this study lies in its comparison of the conformation and supramolecular aggregation of (I) with those of related compounds in the published literature.