微波辅助提取石蒜和虎杖中有效成分的动力学机理

以鳞茎药材石蒜(Lycoris radiata)和根茎药材虎杖(Rhizma Polygoni Cuspidati)作为研究对象,采用微波辅助提取(MAE)石蒜中的石蒜碱、力可拉敏和加兰他敏以及虎杖中的大黄素和白藜芦醇,研究了提取过程的动力学机理。分别对这5种组分在提取温度、提取时间、搅拌速度和颗粒度等因素影响下MAE过程的动力学行为和特征进行了探讨,并与常规的溶剂回流提取法(SRE)进行对比研究,采用扫描电镜观察了MAE和SRE提取后样品的表面细胞结构。结果表明,石蒜和虎杖的MAE提取过程具有明显不同的动力学特征,其机理分别基于内部扩散传质控制和细胞破壁引起的界面反应控制。与SRE相比,MAE能引起石蒜和虎杖的细胞结构发生显著变化,降低了表观活化能Ea,组分的表观速率常数明显增大。     

微波辅助提取石蒜和虎杖中有效成分的热力学机理研究

采用微波辅助提取(MAE)技术研究了石蒜和虎杖两种不同植物中石蒜碱、力可拉敏和加兰他敏以及白藜芦醇和大黄素提取过程的热力学机理. 以溶剂回流提取方法(SRE)作为对比, 采用一种简单的测定提取分配系数的方法, 计算了这些组分在两种提取过程中的热力学函数ΔH0, ΔS0和ΔG0, 对其化学结构与极性以及在MAE过程中的热力学行为进行了讨论, 并用扫描电镜法观察了MAE和SRE提取后样品的细胞结构. 结果表明, 石蒜和虎杖的提取是一个吸热熵增的过程, 微波的作用导致石蒜和虎杖细胞结构发生显著变化, 使MAE热力学函数变化较大, 其提取过程的热力学行为特征与SRE明显不同, 但提取效率提高.     

微波辅助提取/HPLC分析石蒜中的生物碱

石蒜科石蒜属(amaryllidaceae)植物,含有石蒜碱、力可拉敏和加兰他敏(图1)等生物碱,具有镇静、镇痛、解热、降压、抗炎、催吐、抗病毒、抗癌等作用[1]。目前石蒜生物碱的提取主要采用溶剂回流法(SRE),但SRE提取效率低、耗时、耗溶剂,而且有效成分易被破坏[2-3]。微波辅助提取法     

离子液体微波辅助萃取石蒜中生物碱的研究

以离子液体溶液为溶剂,研究了离子液体微波辅助萃取石蒜中石蒜碱、力克拉敏和加兰他敏生物碱。考察了离子液体的种类和浓度对萃取石蒜生物碱的影响,并与传统有机溶剂和传统萃取技术进行了对比研究。结果表明,1.0mol/L[bmim]Cl溶液为溶剂,液固比(mL∶g)15∶1,80℃微波辅助萃取10min,石蒜碱、力可拉敏和加兰他敏生物碱的萃取率分别为2.730、0.857和0.179mg/g。与传统的萃取方法比较,本方法快速高效、环境友好。     

一种同时检测石蒜属植物中3种生物碱含量的方法

正申请公布号:CN107561186A申请公布日:2018.01.09申请人:上海市农业科学院摘要本发明公开一种同时检测石蒜属植物中3种生物碱含量的方法,能够对石蒜属植物中的生物碱类物质——加兰他敏、立可拉敏和石蒜碱进行快速提取并定性定量分析。     

高效液相色谱法测定石蒜中加兰他敏、力可拉敏及石蒜碱3种生物碱

以石蒜鳞茎为材料,建立了石蒜生物碱的反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。探讨了流动相中乙腈含量、三乙胺含量、pH值、流速等对生物碱分离的影响,结果表明在ZORBAX ODS-C18(150 mm×4.6mm,5μm)反相色谱柱上,以0.9%三乙胺水溶液(pH 8.0)-乙腈-甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1mL/min,检测波长为234 nm时,石蒜样品可有效分离出14种石蒜生物碱,分离度良好。加兰他敏、力可拉敏和石蒜碱的检出限分别为3.375、0.475、0.495 mg/L,平均加标回收率均为98%。运用此法测定了石蒜不同部位中3种生物碱的含量,结果表明石蒜不同部位的3种生物碱含量差异较大,叶子中的含量最高;同一部位中,石蒜碱的含量最高,力可拉敏次之,加兰他敏最低。     

石蒜科生物碱的研究 Ⅴ.臭水仙中的生物碱及新生物碱臭水仙碱的结构

从臭水仙(Narcissus papyraceus Ker-Gawl)的鳞茎中分离和鉴定了六个已知生物碱:石蒜碱(1)、多花水仙碱(2)、加兰他敏(3)、力可拉敏(4)、假石蒜碱(5)和maritidine(6)。此外还分到一种新生物碱臭水仙碱(Papyramine),根据化学和光谱(UV,IR,ORD,NMR)数据证明其化学结构为7。     

微波辅助提取-气相色谱-质谱法测定石蒜中加兰他敏和力可拉敏

采用乙醇(95+5)溶液于70℃提取石蒜中加兰他敏和力可拉敏,所得提取液经过滤后旋转蒸发至干。残渣溶于盐酸(2+98)溶液中,用氯仿萃取3次以除去杂质,用氨水调节水相酸度至pH 10,再用氯仿萃取3次,合并萃取液并蒸发至干。用甲醇溶解残渣,所得溶液用DB-5MS毛细管柱分离,进样量为1μL。质谱分析中采用电子轰击离子源及在(m/z)50～550范围内全扫描方式检测。检索图谱库NBS 75K.L及NIST 147对样品作定性分析,并根据[M~+]286及[M~+]288的丰度分别对加兰他敏和力可拉敏作定量分析。对方法做回收及精密度试验,测得回收率在93.0%～106.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=9)为5.5%(加兰他敏)和2.4%(力可拉敏)。     

加兰他敏的半合成研究

加兰他敏提取工艺中的主要副产品——力可拉敏的药用价值明显低于加兰他敏, 为提高力可拉敏的利用价值, 在催化剂存在下脱氢制取加兰他敏. 以力可拉敏为原料, 分别考察了反应时间、温度和催化剂用量对反应的影响, 得出在9%镧镍稀土合金催化剂存在下, 240 ℃时选择性脱氢, 半合成加兰他敏, 收率达45.9%, 光学纯度为97%. 计算该反应在反应前10 min内的表观活化能为77.25 kJ/mol, 属化学反应控制过程. 产物用HPLC, IR, MS, ¹H NMR和¹³C NMR进行定性及结构表征.     

石蒜科生物碱(-)-Galanthamine和(-)-Lycoramine的不对称全合成

<正>Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2014,54,6255~6259加兰他敏(galanthamine)和力可拉敏(lycoramine)是从石蒜科植物中分离得到的重要生物碱,在结构特征上它们具有3,4-桥环苯并二氢呋喃并环己烷骨架,其中加兰他敏已被用作阿尔茨海默症的早期临床治疗药物.北京大学天然药物及仿生药物国家重点实验室贾彦兴课题组通过先构筑ABD环,再构筑C环的新关环策略,以分子内的Larock     

Application of ionic liquids in the microwave-assisted extraction of trans-resveratrol from Rhizma Polygoni Cuspidati

In this paper, the application of 1-n-butyl -3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids aqueous solutions as solvents in the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was first developed for the extraction of trans-resveratrol from Rhizma Polygoni Cuspidati. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim]Br) solution was selected as solvent; the conditions of MAE including the size of sample, liquid/solid ratio, extraction temperature and time were optimized by means of an orthogonal design L(9)(3(4)). Under optimized conditions, the extraction yield value of trans-resveratrol was 92.8% in a one-step extraction. The recovery was in the range 93.7-103.2% with relative standard deviation lower than 3.0% by the proposed procedure. The method was applied to extract trans-resveratrol from several different region samples. On the basis of extraction solvent and time, the proposed extraction technique was a green, rapid and alternative technique to extract and analyze trans-resveratrol in Rhizma Polygoni Cuspidati samples.     

Differentiation of rhizoma et radix polygoni cuspidati from closely related herbs by HPLC fingerprinting

An HPLC-DAD fingerprinting profile of Rhizoma Et Radix Polygoni Cuspidati was established basing on the consistent chromatographic features of 24 authentic herb samples. The major types of chemical constituents, stilbenes and anthraquinones, were analyzed and included in the fingerprint. Eight common peaks of Polygonum Cuspidatum were identified by using HPLC-MS. The developed fingerprint was applied to differentiate Rhizoma Et Radix Polygoni Cuspidati from Radix Polygoni Multiflori and Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei. Although the three herbs belong to the family of Polygonaceae, the results indicated that these could be differentiated by using the established method.     

Chinese hamster ovary‐sphingomyelin synthase2 biospecific extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis for the prediction of bioactive components of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati

A novel strategy for predicting bioactive components in traditional Chinese medicines using Chinese hamster ovary‐sphingomyelin synthase2 (CHO‐SMS₂) cell biospecific extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry analysis was proposed. The hypothesis is that when cells are incubated with the extract of traditional Chinese medicines, the potential bioactive components in the traditional Chinese medicines should selectively combine with the cells, while the cell‐combining components would be detectable in the extract of denatured cells. The identities of the cell‐combining components could be determined by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Using the proposed approach, the potential bioactive components of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for atherosclerosis, were detected and identified. Eight compounds in the extract of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati were detected as the components selectively combined with CHO‐SMS₂ cells, which is a stable cell line that highly expresses sphingomyelin synthases, it was found that piceid, resveratrol, emodin‐8‐β‐d‐ glucoside, physcion‐8‐β‐d‐ glucoside, emodin, physcion, 3,5,4‘‐trihydroxystilbene‐3‐O‐(6“‐galloyl)‐glucoside, and emodin‐1‐O‐glucoside combined specifically with CHO‐SMS₂ cells. The results indicate that the proposed approach may be applied to predict the bioactive candidates in traditional Chinese medicines.     

Screening of bioactive compounds in Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati with hepatocyte membranes by HPLC and LC–MS

A new method employing HPLC, LC–MS, and hepatocyte membranes for the screening of bioactive compounds in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has been proposed. We hypothesized that exposure of the TCM extracts to hepatocyte membranes should decrease the concentration of membrane‐permeable compounds in the solution. Using this approach, the permeability of the compounds in Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati was investigated. By comparing chromatograms of samples prepared both before and after interaction with hepatocyte membranes, seven permeable compounds of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati were identified. Additionally, it was found that piceid, resveratrol, emodin‐8‐β‐d‐glucoside, physcion‐8‐β‐d‐glucoside, aloe‐emodin, emodin, and physcion combined specifically with hepatocyte membranes, which might indicate a useful approach for revealing the antiatherosclerotic effects of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati. Therefore, the proposed method could be a good approach to predict the potential bioactivities of multiple compounds in TCMs simultaneously. Based on the significance of these results, this method could be a novel approach for identifying potentially bioactive components in other TCMs.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱分析不同加工何首乌中差异化学成分

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF-MS)结合多元统计分析技术对不同加工何首乌中化学成分差异的分析方法。何首乌样品采用甲醇在室温下超声提取后,采用UPLC-QTOF-MS进行分析,对采集的图谱通过峰匹配、峰对齐、滤噪处理等进行特征峰提取,然后用主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA)对数据进行分析。结果显示,不同加工何首乌样品间的化学组成存在显著性差异;根据一级质谱精确质荷比和二级质谱碎片信息,结合软件数据库搜索及相关文献进行成分鉴定,初步筛选并鉴定出33种不同加工何首乌间差异显著的化学成分,其中15种为共有差异化学成分,并呈现出不同的变化规律。研究结果可为揭示不同加工方法对何首乌代谢产物差异性的影响规律提供依据。     

Intestinal metabolism of Polygonum cuspidatum in vitro and in vivo

Rhizoma et Radix Polygoni Cuspidati (RRPC) is commonly prescribed for the treatment of amenorrhea, arthralgia, jaundice and abscess in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous pharmacological studies have indicated that polyphenols are the main pharmacological active ingredients in RRPC. Meanwhile, the poor bioavailability of polyphenols in RRPC implies that those components are probably metabolized by intestinal bacteria before absorption. However, there is rather limited information about RRPC''s metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria and the intestinal absorbed constituents. In the present study, the metabolites were characterized after the aqueous extract of RRPC was incubated with the crude enzyme of human intestinal bacteria in vitro. The metabolic characteristics of glycosides in RRPC were figured out by comparing the metabolic profiles of emodin‐8‐O‐β‐d ‐glucopyranoside and polydatin between aqueous extract of RRPC and equivalent amounts of these two glycosides. The transitional constituents absorbed into blood were investigated in rats via intraduodental administration and portal vein intubation. A total of 38 prototype components and 43 metabolites were detected and characterized in vivo. The overall results demonstrated that the intestinal bacteria played an important role in the metabolism of RRPC, and the main metabolic pathways were hydrolysis in vitro, glucuronidation and sulfation in vivo.     

Rapid Characterization of the major chemical constituents from Polygoni Multiflori Caulis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and comparative analysis with Polygoni Multiflori Radix

Polygoni Multiflori Caulis is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for a long time to treat sleep disorders. However, the multiple chemical composition analysis has not been reported. In this study, a simple, rapid and effective ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method was established to characterize the components of Polygoni Multiflori Caulis. In addition, a chemical comparative analysis was performed with Polygoni Multiflori Radix, another traditional Chinese medicine from the same plant, through multivariate statistical analysis and semi‐quantitative analysis to screen the difference in chemical ingredients between these two herbal medicines from same medicinal plant. A total of 33 peaks were detected within 25 min, and 28 of them were identified or tentatively characterized by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data. Based on the results, 12 characteristic components were screened out by multivariate statistical analysis, and their content change trends were compared by semi‐quantitative analysis.