稀土对BaTiO3陶瓷的气相化学热扩渗及其电性能研究

采用气相法对钛酸钡陶瓷扩渗稀土元素，稀土扩渗使BaTiO₃陶瓷的电性能发生了显著变化。室温电阻率明显下降，从4.3×10⁹Ω·m变为4.84Ω·m;随着频率增大和温度升高，交流电导逐渐增大，BaTiO₃陶瓷的导电性更强。稀土扩渗使BaTiO₃陶瓷的介电常数明显增加，尤其在低频下增加显著;介电常数随温度的变化呈明显的PTC效应，并使BaTiO₃陶瓷的居里温度升高为124.9℃。经XRD分析，扩渗的稀土元素并没有进入BaTiO₃陶瓷的晶格中，而是存在于晶界上。经XPS测试分析，稀土扩渗后的BaTiO₃陶瓷中钡、钛、稀土等都存在着不同程度的变价，因而导致了BaTiO₃陶瓷电阻率的降低。TG-DTA曲线分析表明，稀土扩渗后的BaTiO₃陶瓷有较好的高温热稳定性。     

稀土气相扩渗BaTiO3基PTC陶瓷的NTCR效应

采用稀土气相扩渗法制备了La改性的BaTiO3基PTC陶瓷,并对其室温电阻率的变化及温-阻效应进行了研究.结果表明,BaTiO3基PTC陶瓷经La气相扩渗后,室温电阻率从2.7×109Ω.m下降到220Ω.m,在25-500℃范围内,电阻率随温度升高单调递减,从220Ω.m降至5.8Ω.m,产生了明显的NTCR效应.结合XRD,SEM,EDAX以及介电性能测试结果分析了La气相扩渗BaTiO3基PTC陶瓷NTCR效应的形成机理,建立了NTCR效应的物理结构模型.     

掺希土离子Eu3+的BaTiO3超细微粉的制备及物性表征

近年来人们对材料及由材料制备的元件提出了高可靠性、多功能等要求。为了达到这种要求,人们从多种途径进行了探索,其中,对现有材料进行掺杂就是很有效的方法之一［１,２］。本文报道对ＢａＴｉＯ３超细微粉进行Ｅｕ３＋的有效掺杂并对其进行了物性表征。１实验部分１...     

熔盐法包覆BaTiO3及其电性能

通过熔盐法,将MgTiO3薄膜均匀地包覆在钛酸钡颗粒表面,。形成芯壳结构,包覆机理是在MgCl2的熔盐状态（800度）下,Mg^2 取代BaTiO3中的Ba2 离子,表面生成MgTiO3薄膜,薄膜厚度约20nm,采用TEM,XRD验证了MgTiO3的包覆,包覆粉末经烧成瓷后,具有良好的高频性能,在1MHz-800MHz的频率范围内,介电常数恒定为130。     

复合多铁材料NiFe2O4/BaTiO3的制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶与固相反应相结合的方法制备了xNiFe2O4/(1-x)BaTiO3(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6)系列复合多铁材料.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,复合材料中只含有钙钛矿结构的BaTiO3和尖晶石结构的NiFe2O4,说明共烧过程中两者未发生明显的化学反应,铁电相与铁磁相共存.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测结果表明材料内部是异质结构的,高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)观测结果进一步说明了NiFe2 O4和BaTiO3共存,并且在两种物质的接触处能够看到清晰的界面.这种由BaTiO3和NiFe2 O4组成的复合材料对外同时表现出铁电性和铁磁性.电滞回线结果表明,该复合材料具有铁电性,但存在着一定的漏电.介电频谱表明材料的介电常数随着频率的升高而下降,在低频下达到定值,并且铁磁相的含量对材料的介电性有影响.磁性能测试结果表明材料的磁性源于NiFe2O4,并且磁性随着NiFe2O4含量的增加而增强.     

β-环糊精作为超分子壳制备BaTiO3纳米晶体

介绍了一种以环境友好的β-环糊精(β-CD)为超分子壳合成纳米钛酸钡的水热方法。经样品X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射(ED)表征证实,合成的钛酸钡为纯立方相的纳米单晶,结晶度好;热重(TG)和红外光谱(IR)研究表明,β-CD在水热条件下自组装为超分子壳的配位或空间位阻作用,导致了BaTiO₃晶体生长过程中的快速均匀成核和慢生长。β-CD的添加能明显抑制钛酸钡的粒径增长和颗粒团聚,窄化其粒径分布(平均粒径：42±5 nm)。     

BaTiO3/ IPNs的制备及介电性能与阻尼性能的相关性

BaTiO₃/ Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) composites were prepared by combination of BaTiO₃nanocrystal in tetragonal system and polyurethane(PU) / unsaturated polyester (UP) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). The tetragonal nanocrystalline BaTiO₃was obtained by hydrothermal process and calcination at 1 200 ℃. The prepared materials were polarized with high voltage and small current, and protected by silicon oil. The morphology of BaTiO₃/ IPNs and the effect of combination of BaTiO₃on the damping behavior of IPNs were studied. The relationship between damping performance and dielectric charater was also discussed in terms of dielectric constant and dielectric loss measured. The results show that the areas under loss modulus (E″) and the values of loss factors (tanδ) were both increased by combination of BaTiO₃into IPNs system. The maximum value of E″ increased above 100 MPa compared with pure IPNs and the extent increased more remarkably after polarizing process. The main and shoulder peak of tanδ curves both moved toward higher temperature ranges, and the temperature ranges of tanδ>0.3 was higher than 100 ℃. Moreover, through polarizing process, the composites exhibited synergistic action caused by elastomeric damping, interfacial abrasive damping and piezoelectric damping mechanisms. The relationship study of damping property and dielectric characters showed that the temperature ranges exhibited excellent consistency of maximum dielectric loss and modulus with damping loss factor.     

Bi4(Ti1/3Sn2/3)3O12掺杂BaTiO3基X8R陶瓷微观结构与介电性能

研究了Bi4(Ti1/3Sn2/3)3O12掺杂对钛酸钡基陶瓷微观结构和介电性能影响。结果表明,掺杂Bi4(Ti1/3Sn2/3)3O12后钛酸钡基陶瓷晶粒明显长大,同时烧结温度可由1 280℃降低至1 180℃。系统的介电性能和Bi4(Ti1/3Sn2/3)3O12的掺杂量有密切关系。当Bi4(Ti1/3Sn2/3)3O12的掺杂量从0.5mol%增加到2mol%,体系的居里峰被明显压低和展宽,当掺杂量为2mol%时居里峰变得不明显。当Bi4(Ti1/3Sn2/3)3O12的掺杂量从0.5mol%增加到2mol%,系统的居里温度由131℃升高至139℃。当Bi4(Ti1/3Sn2/3)3O12的掺杂量为1mol%时,钛酸钡基陶瓷介电常数为1 930,介电常数温度变化率为5%(-55℃),13%(134℃),-8%(150℃),满足X8R标准。     

稀土钨青铜K0.71Nd0.028WO3的制备及其电性能

Tetragonal tungsten bronze K_0.71Nd_0.028WO₃ was synthesized by rare earth co-permeation method using Keggin type POMs of α-K₁₀[SiCu₃(OH₂)W₉O₃₇]·6H₂O (abbreviated as SiW₉Cu₃) as precursor. XRD, XPS, XRF, TG-DTA were used to characterize the resulting material. The XPS results indicate that Nd has permeated and diffused into the body of the sample and exists in tungsten bronze in the form of K_0.71Nd_0.028WO₃. The results of TG-DTA show that K_0.71Nd_0.028WO₃ begins to decompose at 320 ℃. The consequence of DC four-probe shows that the conductivity of the sample permeated by rare earth is 10³ times higher than that of the sample only permeated by methanol at room temperature. The conductivity of the sample only permeated by methanol is only 10^-3 S·cm^-1 but the conductivity of the sample permeated by rare earth is 1.65 S·cm^-1.     

不同形貌稀土掺杂Gd2O3粉体的制备及光磁性能研究

采用水热法,利用不同添加剂:柠檬酸(CA)、油酸(OA)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)制备出了不同形貌前驱物Gd(OH)₃,并经退火得到不同形貌的Gd₂O₃样品(S-CA、S-OA、S-EDTA).XRD图表明所制得Gd₂O₃粉末均为立方晶系(空间群为Ia3),并且不同添加剂所得粉晶的晶格常数略有不同:1.08225nm(S-CA),1.08114nm(S-OA),1.08320nm(S-EDTA);SEM图可看出其颗粒大小分别约为63nm(S-CA),300nm(S-OA),2μm(S-EDTA);红外光谱则进一步证明3种产物均为Gd₂O₃,并且不同添加剂下样品的基团振动吸收强度不一样;利用荧光光谱仪和综合物性测量系统测量研究了经不同添加剂所制备出的稀土(Yb,Er/Ho)掺杂Gd₂O₃的上转换发光特性及磁学性能,结果表明:样品形貌对稀土掺杂Gd₂O₃上转换发光强度和顺磁磁化率影响较大,其中由EDTA添加剂所制备出的稀土掺杂Gd₂O₃粉末的上转换发光强度和顺磁磁化率最佳.     

Preparation and electrorheological characteristic of Y-doped BaTiO3 suspension under dc electric field

The electrorheological (ER) effects of BaTiO₃ or other perovskite materials with high dielectric constant are presumed to be large. However, their weak ER activity is very puzzling. In this study, we choose cubic BaTiO₃ and first achieve its ER enhancement under dc electric field by modifying its intrinsic structure with doping rare earth Y ions, which are synthesized by means of sol-gel technique. DSC-TG, FT-IR, XRD, ICP and XPS techniques are used to characterize thermal, structure and component change of materials. It is demonstrated that Y³⁺ substitutes for Ba²⁺, which causes lattice-distorting defects. Rheological experiments show that Y-doped BaTiO₃ suspension has notable ER effect and clear fibrillation structure under dc electric field, while the pure cubic BaTiO₃ suspension suffers from electrophoretic effects and its ER effect is very weak. The ER effect of typical Y-doped BaTiO₃ ER suspension is ten times that of pure BaTiO₃ ER suspension. Based on the electrical measurements, the enhancement of ER activity of BaTiO₃ may be attributed to the increase of conductivity due to Y-doping. The enhancement in ER activity of cubic BaTiO₃ under dc electric field by doping rare earth Y ions is helpful to further understand the perovskite-based ER materials with high dielectric constant but low ER activity.     

BaPbO3与BaTiO3多晶态陶瓷缺陷结构对比

BaPbO，是具有类金属导电特性的钙钛矿结构导电陶瓷，其晶体结构由Ba2＋和O^2-离子紧密堆积形成，pb^4＋离子占据由O^2-离子形成的八面体空隙。BaTiO3同为钙钛矿结构的陶瓷材料，由Ba^2＋和O^2-离子紧密堆积形成，Ti^4＋离子占据由O^2-离子形成的八面体空隙。BaPbO3和BaTiO3的A位离子相同,B位离子都为可变价离子。     

低温合成四方相BaTiO3及其压电催化性能

基于淀粉糊化机制低温合成了四方相BaTiO₃粉体。采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱、X射线光电子能谱对合成粉体的形貌、物相进行表征;在超声条件下,以系列典型染料为降解对象测试BaTiO₃压电催化性能。结果显示,煅烧温度为600℃时即可获得四方相BaTiO₃粉体,且随着温度的提升,结晶度逐渐增加;当煅烧温度为700℃时,合成的BaTiO₃粉体尺寸分布均匀,分散度良好,呈现类立方体状;在超声驱动下,BaTiO₃降解罗丹明B、刚果红、甲基橙染料时均展现出良好的效果,反应速率常数分别为1.090×10^-2、1.113×10^-2、1.084×10^-2 min^-1,并以降解刚果红为对象揭示其压电催化的机理,即空穴和超氧自由基是降解过程中的主要反应物质。     

魔方状微纳结构BaTiO3的制备及其压电催化性能

在简单溶剂热条件下,通过控制钡、钛物质的量之比制备了魔方状微纳结构BaTiO₃粉体,并以5 mg·L^-1罗丹明B(RhB)溶液为降解对象测试其压电催化性能。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱对所制备粉体的物化性质进行详细表征,并测试其压电、光催化活性及循环稳定性。结果表明,钡、钛物质的量之比为1∶1时,合成的粉体为由立方体组装而成的魔方状四方相结构的BaTiO₃。在40 kHz、360 W的超声条件下,180 min内的降解率达90%,5次循环后的降解率为79.7%,变化率为11.4%,优于其光催化性能,具备优异的压电催化活性及循环稳定性。     

魔方状微纳结构BaTiO3的制备及其压电催化性能

在简单溶剂热条件下,通过控制钡、钛物质的量之比制备了魔方状微纳结构BaTiO₃粉体,并以5 mg·L^-1罗丹明B (RhB)溶液为降解对象测试其压电催化性能。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱对所制备粉体的物化性质进行详细表征,并测试其压电、光催化活性及循环稳定性。结果表明,钡、钛物质的量之比为1∶1时,合成的粉体为由立方体组装而成的魔方状四方相结构的BaTiO₃。在40 kHz、360 W的超声条件下,180 min内的降解率达90%,5次循环后的降解率为79.7%,变化率为11.4%,优于其光催化性能,具备优异的压电催化活性及循环稳定性。     

溶胶凝胶法制备Nd2O3改性钛酸钡陶瓷的研究

The technological condition for the preparation of BaTiO₃ ceramics doped with Nd₂O₃ by Sol-Gel was deter-mined through orthogonal experiment. When n_Ba(Ac)2∶n_Ti(OC4H9)4∶n_Nd2O3∶n_{CH3(CH2)2CH2OH}∶n_H2O=1.00∶1.00∶0.003∶7.30∶37.04, pH=3.5,T=25℃,the light-yellow-transparent-stable solution and thorough transparent gel was generat-ed, the transforming time of solution to gel was 25h. The crystal structure and particle size of BaTiO₃ ceramics doped with Nd₂O₃ were studied by SEM and X-ray respectively, the type of the crystal was tetragonal, the particle size was about 24.7nm. The dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (tanδ) of BaTiO₃ ceramics doped with Nd₂O₃ were determined between 10⁴～10⁶Hz, and the results showed that the dielectric constant was increased obviously, the dielectric loss was decreased clear and the resistivity (ρ_V) was also decreased noticeably.     

施主掺杂对BaTiO3钙钛矿半导体纳米晶光催化性能的影响

以沉淀法制备的Cu_2O为牺牲模板剂,采用水热法制备La施主掺杂的BaTiO_3钙钛矿半导体纳米晶,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱((XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)表征La掺杂的BaTiO_3晶的物相、微观形貌及光催化性能。结果表明,La掺杂BaTiO_3构建了晶体缺陷,有效提高了BaTiO_3的光催化性能。当掺杂量为4%(w/w)时,样品的光催化性能最好,在可见光照射360 min后,对4-硝基苯酚溶液的降解率可达到93.2%。该催化剂5次循环后的活性仍然大于86.7%,表明La施主掺杂的BaTiO_3是一种有效的可见光催化剂。