Cu—Zn／γ—A12O3催化剂的制备及其在选择加氢反应中的催化性能

通过浸渍法制备了不同Cu／Zn比的γ-Al2O3和改性γ-Al2O3负载的Cu-Zn催化剂，并用XRD，XPS和SEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征．XRD表征结果表明，还原活化前催化剂中的Cu和Zn分别以CuO和ZnO的形式存在；还原活化后Cu以单质的形式存在；催化剂失活后，单质Cu又转变成CuO．XPS和SEM分析结果表明，催化剂中金属的价态及颗粒的形貌在反应前后发生了变化.所制备的催化剂在糠醛加氢制糠醇反应中表现出较高的选择性．用Co改性的γ-Al2O3负载的Cu-Zn催化剂不仅具有较高的催化活性和选择性，而且还呈现出较长的寿命．催化剂中的Cu晶相是催化活性中心；催化剂中的Cu晶相转变成CuO和烧结是催化剂失活的主要原因．     

用CuO／γ－Al2O3催化剂同时脱除烟气中的SO2和NO

 研究了用CuO／γ－Al2O3催化剂同时脱除烟气中的SO2和NO，并在固定床反应器中考察了反应条件对其催化活性的影响．结果表明，温度和SO2对CuO／γ－Al2O3的催化活性均具有双重影响．新鲜催化剂和硫化催化剂上最适宜的脱硝温度分别为250～300℃和300～450℃，最适宜的n（NH3）／n（NO）约为1．2．烟气中的氧可大大提高CuO／γ－Al2O3的脱硫脱硝活性．综合考虑吸附硫容和NO脱除率，CuO／γ－Al2O3同时脱硫脱硝的最适宜温度为350～450℃．温度和SO2在高温区对CuO／γ－Al2O3活性的影响源于两者对NH3氧化活性的改变，高温下CuO／γ－Al2O3的活性下降是因为NH3氧化加剧；SO2通过使催化剂硫化生成硫酸盐来抑制NH3氧化，从而提高CuO／γ－Al2O3的活性．吸硫饱和的催化剂可于5％NH3中还原再生，再生后其硫容较初始时降低，但其活性大幅度提高．     

氧化铝对Fe－Cu－Zn－K－Al低碳醇合成催化剂性能的影响

 采用N2吸咐，TPR和XRD等表征手段对高温熔融法制备的Fe－Cu－Zn－K－Al催化剂中氧化铝的作用进行了研究．结果表明，当比表面积低于4．0m2／g时，催化剂性能受比表面积的影响非常明显．少量的Al2O3即可有效地增加催化剂的比表面积，提高醇的收率和C2＋OH的选择性；大量的Al2O3虽然能使催化剂的比表面积有所增加，但醇的收率和C2＋OH选择性却显著降低．这是Fe－Cu－Zn－K－Al催化剂中Al2O3同时具有物理作用和化学作用所致．物理作用能有效地增加还原后催化剂的比表面积，提高金属利用率，分散催化剂的活性组分，使其更容易还原，进而提高催化剂活性和选择性．化学作用影响到催化剂的电子性质，从而导致催化剂的活性和选择性降低．TPR和XRD结果表明，在Fe－Cu－Zn－K－Al催化剂中，助剂Al2O3的作用随着其含量的变化而有所不同．当Al2O3含量较低时，其物理作用是主要的；随着Al2O3含量的增加，其化学作用更为明显，甚至导致新物相AlFeO3生成，进而影响催化剂的催化性能．     

稀土掺杂改性对Cu/ZnAl水滑石衍生催化剂甲醇水蒸气重整制氢性能的影响

采用原位合成法在γ-Al_2O_3表面合成了锌铝水滑石,再通过顺次浸渍法制备了一系列掺杂稀土改性的M(M=Y、La、Ce、Sm、Gd)/Cu/Zn Al催化材料,并将其应用于甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应。探讨了稀土掺杂改性对Cu/Zn Al催化剂催化性能的影响,并采用XRD、SEM-EDS、BET、H2-TPR、XPS和N2O滴定等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂的活性与Cu比表面积和催化剂的还原性质密切相关,Cu比表面积越大,还原温度越低,催化活性越高。稀土Ce、Sm、Gd的引入能改善活性组分Cu的分散度、Cu比表面积以及催化剂的还原性质,进而提高催化剂的催化活性。其中,Ce/Cu/Zn Al催化剂表现出最佳的催化活性,在反应温度为250℃时,甲醇转化率达到100%,CO含量为0.39%,相比Cu/Zn Al催化剂,甲醇转化率提高了近40%。     

改性介孔Al_2O_3负载的高分散铜基催化剂的结构与催化性能

采用浸渍法制备了LaCeZr或YCeZr改性的γ-Al2O3负载的系列Cu基催化剂,运用XRD、BET、EXAFS、XPS和H2-TPR等技术对催化剂的结构进行了详细表征,探讨了催化剂中Cu物种的存在形式及其还原性能,并与CO的氧化性能相关联。氮气吸附-脱附测试结果表明,催化剂具有很高的比表面积以及较均一的介孔结构。XRD结果表明,未改性的γ-Al2O3负载的Cu基催化剂经800℃高温焙烧后,Cu物种与载体作用强烈,形成了CuAl2O4尖晶石相,而EXAFS结果显示,助剂改性后的γ-Al2O3负载的Cu基催化剂上Cu物种主要以高分散的CuO形式存在,促进了催化剂对CO的低温氧化性能。H2-TPR结果表明,同一系列样品随焙烧温度提高,CuO的还原温度升高,晶格氧的活动度降低,导致活性的下降。LaCeZr改性的γ-Al2O3负载的铜基催化剂于650℃焙烧后显示出了较强的抗硫和抗水性能。     

CuO-BaO/SiO2催化剂的结构表征

以XRD、XPS和EXAFS手段对CuO－BaO／Sic2催化剂及其还原态的结构进行了研究．结果表明，在CuO－BaO／SiO2体系中铜和钡都是以氧化态的形式存在，超细SiO2载体对所负载的CuO的结构有影响．随着样品负载量的逐渐降低，Cu－O和Cu－Cu睡的健长和配位数逐渐征小，而且低载量样品的健长和配位数减小的幅度最大．在总负载量＞13．39％的样品中，CuO以晶相的形式存在；总负载量＜13．39％的样品中，CUO呈现单层分布的高分出状态．还原态样品中钢以本价铜的形式存在，随负载量的降低，还原态Cu－Cu健的镇长和配位数也分别呈现出逐渐减小的趋势．还原态中心铜原子在催化剂表面的分布状态基本上保持了氧化态催化剂中CuO物相的分市状态．     

微波辐射对浆态床合成甲醇CuO/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂前驱体晶相转变的影响

在微波辐射条件下,对CuO/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂的沉淀母液进行老化,通过XRD、TG、H2-TPR,FTIR、HR-TEM和XPS对前驱体及催化剂微观结构的进行表征,探讨了CuO/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂前驱体晶相转变过程中微波辐射的作用。结果表明,微波辐射有利于Cu2+取代Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6中Zn2+的同晶取代反应。微波辐射的老化过程中,首先发生Cu2+取代Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6中Zn2+生成(Cu,Zn)5(CO3)2(OH)6的同晶取代反应,并于1.0 h内基本完成;随着老化时间继续延长,主要进行Zn2+取代Cu2(CO3)(OH)2中Cu2+生成(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2的同晶取代反应,同时(Cu,Zn)5(CO3)2(OH)6进一步结晶。与常规老化1 h制备的前驱体相比,微波辐射老化1.0 h制备的前驱体含有较多的(Cu,Zn)5(CO3)2(OH)6物相,有助于增强焙烧后CuO/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂中CuO-ZnO协同作用,提高表面铜含量,进而提高CuO/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂在浆态床合成甲醇的催化活性和稳定性,在400 h浆态床合成甲醇评价期间,甲醇时空收率最大达318.9 g.kg-1.h-1,失活率仅为0.11%.d-1。     

贵金属对钴基催化剂上肉桂醛选择加氢反应的影响

 研究了贵金属改性的Co／γ－Al2O3催化剂上的肉桂醛选择加氢反应．结果表明，通过Pt，Pd和Ru贵金属改性，提高了催化剂的活性，但只有Pt改性的催化剂具有较高的选择性．w（Pt）＜0．5％时，催化剂的活性随着Pt含量的增加呈直线升高，当w（Pt）＝0．5％时，催化剂活性可提高近5倍，但催化剂的选择性变化很小．XRD结果表明，催化剂经还原后，γ－Al2O3上的钴主要为α－Co0．TPR结果表明，Pt的加入提高了Co3O4的还原性能，且Pt含量越高，Co3O4的还原温度越低．XPS结果表明，Pt改性的催化剂样品，其Co3O4大部分被还原为Co0．由于Pt与Co具有协同效应，故Pt改性的Co／γ－Al2O3催化剂既具有较高的活性，又具有很高的选择性．     

Zr对CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3前驱体物相、催化剂结构及其合成甲醇性能的影响

采用并流共沉淀法,在CuO/ZnO/Al2O3三元催化剂中加入第四组分Zr,考察了沉淀温度对四元催化剂的前驱体物相组成及浆态床合成甲醇催化活性的影响。通过XRD、DTG、TPR、FTIR、CO-TPD、XPS、HR-TEM等对所制备催化剂及其前驱体的微观结构进行了表征。研究表明:Zr促进了绿铜锌矿(Cu,Zn)5(CO3)2(OH)6物相的生成,使催化剂前驱体中绿铜锌矿含量增加,焙烧后的催化剂铜锌协同作用增强,CuO分散度提高,CuO晶粒平均直径只有4.18nm,同时还原温度显著降低为150℃,CO吸附能力增强,结果显著提高了浆态床合成甲醇催化活性和稳定性。与CuO/ZnO/Al2O3三元催化剂相比,80℃沉淀制备的含4%Zr的CuO/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2四元催化剂的甲醇时空收率提高了8.67%,失活率降低了65.12%。     

改性Mo2C／Al2O3催化剂用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气

 制备了含有少量Ni，Co，Cu或K的Mo2C／Al2O3催化剂，用于甲烷部分氧化（POM）制合成气反应，并用程序升温表面反应（TPSR）进行了表征．Ni可以促进氧化钼被氢还原，进而促进氧化钼的碳化及甲烷的活化，故Ni改性催化剂具有很高的催化活性和选择性，并且有很高的催化稳定性．Co也可以促进氧化钼的碳化及甲烷的活化，故Co改性催化剂也具有较高的催化活性和稳定性．Cu的添加有利于氧化钼的碳化及甲烷的活化，故Cu改性催化剂在开始阶段表现出对甲烷转化的促进作用，但随后其促进作用消失，与Cu的存在状态发生变化有关；Cu改性催化剂具有较低的选择性，则与其促进氧的活化作用有关．K的添加不利于氧化钼的碳化及甲烷的活化，故K改性催化剂的催化活性和选择性较低．     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.     

Copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions of 2-iodoanilines,benzylamines, and elemental sulfur toward 2-arylbenzothiazoles

A relatively cheap copper salt-catalyzed, three-component approach providing 2-arylbenzothiazoles in good to excellent yields from readily available 2-iodoanilines, benzylamines, and sulfur powder is reported. This methodology allows preparation of various classes of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and provides a general, reliable approach.