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1.
测定了CAB-O-SIL在290.7K和304.2K时自水和1mol/LNaCl溶液中吸附非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100(TX100)的吸附等温线。结果表明,吸附量随温度升高而增加.NaCl的存在也使吸附量增加.运用生成表面胶团的吸附理论处理了实验结果,求得了表面胶团化的平衡常数、表面胶团的平均聚集数、临界表面胶团浓度和表面胶团化的标准热力学函数。实验表明,随TX100浓度的增大,CAB-O-SIL悬浮液稳定性出现不规则的变化。加入NaCl的效应是使悬浮液的稳定性下降和促进表面胶团的形成。结合吸附研究结果,提出了一个涉及表面胶团的颗粒相互作用模型,合理地解释了悬浮液稳定性的实验结果。  相似文献   

2.
测定了CAB-O-SIL在290.7K和304.2K时自水和1mol/LNaCl溶液中吸附非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100(TX100)的吸附等温线,结果表明,吸附量随温度升高而增加,NaCl的存在也使吸附量增加,运用生成表面胶团的吸附理论处理了实验结果,求得了表面胶团化的平衡常数,表面胶团的平均聚集数,临界表面胶团浓度和表面胶团化的标准热力学函数,实验表明,随TX100浓度的增大,CAB-  相似文献   

3.
赵振国  钱程 《应用化学》1998,15(6):6-10
研究了水溶液中十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、溴代十四烷基吡啶(TPB)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)在ZrO2上的吸附及对ZrO2水悬浮体稳定性的影响。结果表明:pH=2.4时SDBS在ZrO2上的吸附等湿线为LS型,pH=7.0时TPB的吸附等温线为S型,吸附等温线与ZrO2粒子ζ电势变化同线有大体一致的关系。在最大吸附量时ZrO2粒子ζ电势较大,且吸附的表面活性剂离子形成大部分亲水基朝向水相的表面  相似文献   

4.
用Cadion-CPB光度法测定水中痕量阴离子表面活性剂   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
研究了用于直接测定水相中痕量阴离子表面活性剂的新体系。在NaOH介质中,1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯(Cadion)与溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)形成离子缔合物(Cadion-CPB),当加入阴离子表面活性剂(AS)时,AS能定量置换出离子缔合物中的Cadion,而使吸光度下降。阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBOSO3Na)、十二烷基磺酸钠(DOSO3Na)、十二烷基硫酸钠(DSO4Na)的表观摩尔吸光系数εmax分别为2.74×104、1.11×104、1.50×104L·mol-1·cm-1,服从比尔定律的范围分别为0~4.18、0~6.54、0~5.77mg·L-1。方法操作简便,用于测定合成水样及环境水样中痕量阴离子表面活性剂,结果满意。  相似文献   

5.
(1)测定了醋酸十二烷基铵(DAA)在CAB-O-SIL上的吸附,其等温线属双平台或LS型[1-3,5];(2)NaCl的存在使DAA的吸附增加.但不影响其低浓度下第一平台的吸附量;HCl的存在则在全浓度范围内抑制了DAA的吸附,(3)测定了CAB-O-SIL颗粒在上述各溶液中的悬浮液的稳定性;(4)根据表面形成小胶团的吸附理论(即二步模型产)[2,3,5,],并借助电导跟踪溶液中发生的变化,满意地解释了吸附和聚沉的实验结果.  相似文献   

6.
本文以β-环糊精(β-CD)和表面活性剂为增效试剂,分别研究了它们对以Fe-meso-(四(4-磺基苯)卟啉)(Fe-TPPS4)为催化剂,催化过氧化氢氧化4-氨基安替比林(4-AAP)与苯酚衍生物显色反应的速度和灵敏度的影响,发现β-CD和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对该体系具有明显的增效作用.在3×10-3mol/Lβ-CD存在下,测定H2O2的灵敏度比文献报道的提高了1.56倍.利用SDBS浓度与催化显色反应初速度的增加值之间的线性关系,建立了测定微量SDBS的方法  相似文献   

7.
Ga^3+的新萃取体系的界面特性和胶团化作用研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了Ga~(3+)协萃体系(Ga~(3+)-D_2EHPA-H_2MPA-正十二烷-H_2SO_4)的界面吸附和胶团形成热力学,发现该萃取体系中[H_2MPA]影响D_2EHPA和H_2MPA的界面吸附性质。在中、高[H_2MPA]范围内D_2EHPA与H_2MPA的界面吸附行为相反,D_2EHPA的存在也影响H_2MPA的界面吸附行为。研究了界面张力与各因素关系的数学模型,并获得某些胶团形成和界面吸附特性的物化参数。  相似文献   

8.
CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF SILICA-SUPPORTED POLY-γ-AMINOPROPYLSILOXANE-RHODIUM-COBALT BIMETALLIC COMPLEX FOR HYDROFORMYLATIONCAT...  相似文献   

9.
首次观测到Ag2CO3溶胶体系中的吸附分子(对氨基苯甲酸PABA)表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应特强,该体系对PABA的增强程度比Ag胶还强。同时,分别向该体系加入少量的S2O3,Fe(CN)6,H2O2和NO3-溶液后,观测其对PABA的SERS谱带强度的影响,探讨该体系的增强机制。结果表明,胶体表面的Ag+或Agδ+是该体系的SERS活位吸附点,而表面络合物对其SERS起到一定的作用。  相似文献   

10.
合成了1-(4-磺酸基苯基)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯(SPAPT),研究了该试剂在强碱性介质中与季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)和溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)的显色反应体系,试剂与表面活性剂形成1∶3的紫红色离子缔合物,其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为1.67×104和1.06×104L·mol-1·cm-1。测定了显色体系中CPB和CTMAB的临界胶束浓度(CMC),证明在比尔定律范围内,CPB和CTMAB均以单分子缔合显色。确定了显色体系最佳实验条件  相似文献   

11.
The adsorption isotherms of cetyltrimethylammonium ion (CTA+) together with that of the Br counterion on silica gel, and the effects of pH and added salts (NaF, NaCl and NaBr) have been systematically determined at 25°C. Electrophoretic mobilities of the silica gel particles have also been measured in the same conditions. The adsorption isotherm of CTA+ consists of four regions. Region I, at low concentrations of surfactant, the adsorption results primarily from electrostatic force between CTA+ and the negatively charged silica surface. Region II (first plateau), at medium concentrations, the adsorption is due to both the electrostatic force and the specific attraction (vdW forces) between CTA+ and the surface. Region III, characterized by an abrupt increase in the slope of the isotherm when the concentration reaches a particular point known as hemimicelle concentration (HMC). The abrupt increase in the adsorption is due to the hydrophobic interaction between hydrocarbon chains. Region IV (second plateau), at or above CMC, the limiting adsorption is reached as the micelle is not adsorbed. Based on this model, the experimental results can be explained reasonably. The results show that the HMC is about half of the CMC. According to the assumption that each adsorbed CTA+ ion in the first plateau is an active center for surface aggregation, the average aggregation number of hemimicelle have been calculated.  相似文献   

12.
The behavior of two polydisperse nonionic surfactants, poly (oxyethylene) glycol alkylphenyl ether TX-35 and TX-100, at the prewetted silica gel/n-heptane and dried silica gel/n-heptane interfaces has been compared by the determination of the average adsorption isotherms of the polydisperse surfactants and of displacement enthalpies. From HPLC experiments, we could also separately quantify the adsorption of each ethyleneoxide (EO) fractions for silica gel from the polydisperse surfactant solution. The adsorption isotherms clearly indicate an incomplete preferential adsorption of the large (EO) chains over the small ones, as well on dried silica gel as on a prehydrated sample. This preferential adsorption and its driving force follow the solubility rules of the poly(oxyethylene) glycol alkylphenyl ether in an apolar solvent and support the idea of a solubility-limited adsorption: solubility in organic solvents of the smaller (EO) chains is much more significant than that of the longer ones and hence prevents adsorption of the smaller species. Consequently, it is observed that the presence of interfacial water decreases the affinity of TX-35 molecules for the hydrophilic silica surface due to the hydration of (EO) chains. In contrast, for TX-100 adsorption after the prewetting treatment the clearest trend is a drastic increase of the adsorption ascribed to the additional solubilization (and micellization) of the TX-100 molecules in the interfacial aqueous phase. The differential molar enthalpies of displacement show a change in the adsorption mechanism, depending on the presence of molecular water on the surface. In the initial part of the adsorption isotherm, a prevailing exothermic process is obtained with prehydrated silica and suggests that hydration of the polar heads of TX-35 and the solubilization of the TX-35 in interfacial water are occurring. For higher equilibrium concentrations, the enthalpies of displacement observed with the prehydrated adsorbent become slightly lower than those obtained with dry silica gel. It may be that this difference is due to the micellization phenomenon of the surfactant species with longer EO chains in interfacial water. These features emphasize the influence of interfacial water on the adsorption of EO fractions from organic solvent. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.  相似文献   

13.
The adsorption of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in aqueous suspension onto the surface of TiO(2) nanoparticles was investigated. FTIR spectroscopic data provided evidence in support of hydrogen bonding and chemical interaction in the case of the PAA-TiO(2) system. Adsorption isotherms demonstrated that part of the PAA initially added to the suspension was adsorbed onto the TiO(2) surface, after which there was a gradual attainment of an adsorption plateau. The adsorption density of PAA was found to increase with an increase of PAA molecular weight, while it decreased with an increase of pH. The thickness of the PAA adsorption layer was calculated based on measurements of suspension viscosities in the absence and presence of PAA. It was shown that the thickness of the adsorption layer increased with the increase of pH, PAA molecular weight, and its concentration. The surface charge density, the diffuse charge density, and the zeta potential of TiO(2) varied distinctly after PAA adsorption. The shift of pH(iep) toward a lower pH value was observed in the presence of PAA. PAA was found to stabilize the suspension of TiO(2) nanoparticles through electrosteric repulsion. The influence of factors such as PAA molecular weight and its concentration on the colloidal stability of the aqueous suspension was also investigated.  相似文献   

14.
Time-resolved fluorescence quenching, self-diffusion measurements and calorimetric investigations have been used in order to investigate the effect of salt on aggregation in aqueous solutions and the adsorption onto silica gel of the zwitterionic surfactant N-dodecyl betaine (NDB).

The micelle aggregation number of NDB stays constant when the NDB or salt concentration increases but decreases with an increase of temperature. Evidence is presented for the binding of cations and anions to micellar aggregates. The degree of binding has been obtained for Na+, Ca2+ and Cl ions; it is always larger for the anion.

Enthalpies of micellization were obtained directly from calorimetric curves of NDB in dilution experiments. The observed decrease of the endothermic enthalpies of micellization with increasing temperature or salinity is attributed to a structural change in the water molecules around the alkyl chain of the free monomers.

The adsorption isotherms of NDB onto silica gel depend very little on temperature, and a plateau is reached near the CMC. At saturation, the adsorbed amount of NDB depends on the salt and follows the sequence NDB < (NDB + NaCl) < (NDB + CaCl2).

The exothermic differential molar enthalpies of adsorption demonstrate the same behaviour as the enthalpies of micellization with varying temperature or salinity. Adsorption onto silica gel depends on the NDB concentration, the salt concentration and temperature.  相似文献   


15.
In order to describe the influence of cationic polyelectrolytes on flocculation of disperse systems the adsorption of poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) onto silica, mica and acidic polymer latex was investigated. The plateau value of the adsorption isotherms grows with increasing surface charge density of the substrates and electrolyte concentration. The adsorbed layer of the polycation was characterized by zeta potential measurements with KCl solutions of constant ionic strength and varied pH. The zero point of the charge as well as the shape of the zeta potential–pH plot depends on the coverage of the surface with polycations. For fully covered substrates the zero point of the charge as well as the pKA and pKB values calculated by a stochastic search programme are independent of the substrate. Maximum flocculation was observed at about 30% of the plateau value of the adsorption isotherms.  相似文献   

16.
The adsorption of linear polyoxyethylene (POE) alcohol surfactants of the form CxEy onto the surface of a Sphingomonas sp. has been examined. For this study, the alkyl chain length (x) was fixed at 12 and the POE chain length (y) was varied, with y = 4, 7, 9, 10, and 23 ethylene oxide units. Langmuirian isotherms were observed for C12E4 and C12E23, and more complex isotherms were observed for the three intermediate POE chain length surfactants, with C12E7 and C12E9 exhibiting strong S-shaped isotherms. All isotherms showed plateaus near the critical micelle concentration (CMC) with the plateau decreasing with increasing POE chain length. A simple multi-interaction isotherm is proposed that models the sorption isotherm as the sum of two interactions. The first interaction describes monolayer adsorption, whereas the second interaction describes lateral interactions between sorbed surfactant molecules and the formation of surface aggregates. Varying ratios of these two interactions as a function of POE chain length gives rise to the variety of observed isotherm shapes. Results of the isotherm analysis suggest that lateral interactions dominate for surfactants with low POE chain lengths, and the lateral interactions decrease as the POE chain length is increased.  相似文献   

17.
New data relating to the kinetics and adsorption isotherms of asphaltene in consolidated sandstone core samples are reported. The data were obtained from the measurements of electrokinetics of consolidated sandstone core samples in asphaltene/toluene solutions and petroleum oils. The numerical reduction in the (negative) zeta potential of the sandstone samples were attributed to the adsorption of positively charged molecules of asphaltenes. The hydrodynamics thickness δ of adsorption of asphaltene were followed by monitoring the pressure increase that occurred as the adsorbed layer restricted the rock pores and applying Poiseuille's equation. The flow rates indicated a plateau of asphaltene adsorption at a pore blocking thickness of about δ/r = 0.3, which was also the point at which the streaming current reached a plateau. After increasing to about 30% of the pore radius, the adsorbed layer thickness δ stopped growing either with time or with concentration of asphaltene in the flowing liquid. Alternative hypotheses involving asphaltene adsorption isotherms have been investigated. A theoretical treatment advanced describing particle adsorption in the same terms as molecular adsorption and the Langmuir isotherm, with the free energy of asphaltene adsorption on the rock surface (modeled on silica) calculated on the basis of van der Waals attraction. Acceptable agreement was obtained with the electrokinetic measurements.  相似文献   

18.
19.
In order to investigate the effect of added salt on micelle size, shape, and structure the solubilization of Orange OT in aqueous NaBr solutions of decylpyridinium bromide (DePB), dodecylpyridinium bromide (DPB), tetradecylpyridinium bromide (TPB), and hexadecylpyridinium bromide (CPB) has been examined. The solubilization powers of DePB and DPB micelles increase with increasing NaBr concentration up to 2.86 and 3.07 mol dm–3, respectively, but above these concentrations remain unaltered. This suggests that spherical micelles of DePB and DPB can have a maximum and constant size at NaBr concentrations higher than these threshold concentrations. On the other hand, the solubilization powers of TPB and CPB micelles increase in the whole range of NaBr concentration studied. The dependencies of the solubilization powers of their micelles on the counterion concentration change at 0.10 and 0.03 mol dm–3 NaBr, respectively, as suggests that TPB and CPB micelles undergo the sphere–rod transition at those concentrations. Orange OT is a more suitable probe for detecting the presence of the maximum- and constant-size spherical micelle than Sudan Red B.  相似文献   

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