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1.
用新的方法将PbS纳米微粒复合在聚苯乙烯光学塑料中,并利用吸收光谱、小角X-光散射和透射电镜等方法研究了不同反应条件对复合的硫化铅(PbS)纳米微粒粒度及分布的影响.结果表明,在一定范围内H2S的量和初始含铅聚合物浓度对纳米微粒的粒度影响很小,但对其粒度分布影响较大;当H2S与Pb2+的摩尔比及初始含铅聚合物浓度均较大时,纳米微粒的粒度分布变宽.实验结果表明复合于聚苯乙烯中的PbS的粒度分布是由溶液中反应决定的,本体聚合反应时对PbS微粒的粒度分布影响很小.因此控制适当反应条件,可以得到粒度分布均一、分散均匀且透明性好的PbS纳米微粒复合有机光学材料.  相似文献   

2.
半导体纳米微粒在聚合物基体中的复合与组装   总被引:29,自引:4,他引:25  
总结了有关半导体纳米微粒在聚合物基体中的制备,复合与组装及性能研究等工作,对半导体纳米微粒的尺寸大小,粒度分布,表面修饰,复合过程及组装维数等控制问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

3.
PbO2—WC复合物阳极的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用复合电沉积技术制备了WC微粒弥散于PbO2中的PbO2WC复合电极,研究了相结构及在H2SO4介质中阳极析氧反应的性能。结果表明,与不含WC微粒的PbO2电极比较,WC微粒改变了PbO2电沉积的方式,复合电极的结晶更为细小和致密,α-PbO2的含量更高,晶体产生了择优取向,该复合电极在0.5mol/LH2SO4溶液中阳极析氧的电催化活性提高近1倍,其化学稳定性和电化学稳定性良好。  相似文献   

4.
PbO_2-WC复合物阳极的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用复合电沉积技术制备了WC微粒弥散于PbO_2中的PbO_2-WC复合电极,研究了相结构及在H_2SO_4介质中阳极析氧反应的性能。结果表明,与不含WC微粒的PbO_2电极比较,WC微粒改变了PbO_2电沉积的方式,复合电极的结晶更为细小和致密,α-PbO_2的含量更高,晶体产生了择优取向。该复合电极在0.5mol/LH_2SO_4溶液中阳极析氧的电催化活性提高近1倍,其化学稳定性和电化学稳定性良好。  相似文献   

5.
PbS/Ru(Ⅱ)配合物敏化Cd(Ⅱ)掺杂TiO2纳米晶电极的光电化学   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
合成了Cd(Ⅱ)掺杂TiO2纳米粒子(掺杂5%Cd(Ⅱ),用光电化学方法测定了PbS、RuL2(NCS)2分别敏化及PbS/RuL2(NCS)2复合敏化该纳米晶膜电极的光电化学行为,实验证明,PbS、RuL2NCS)2单独敏化和PbS/RuL2(NCS)2复合敏化的Cd掺杂电极比纯的TiO2电极的光电流产生的起始波长都向长波方向移动;在380-600nm范围内,PbS/RuL2NCS)2复合敏化C  相似文献   

6.
PbS/Ru(Ⅱ)配合物敏化Cd(Ⅱ)掺杂TiO_2纳米晶电极的光电化学   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
合成了Cd(Ⅱ)掺杂TiO2纳米粒子(掺杂5%Cd(Ⅱ)),用光电化学方法测定了PbS、RuL2(NCS)2(L=2,2′联吡啶4,4′二羧酸)分别敏化及PbS/RuL2(NCS)2复合敏化该纳米晶膜电极的光电化学行为,实验证明,PbS、RuL2(NCS)2单独敏化和PbS/RuL2(NCS)2复合敏化的Cd掺杂电极比纯的TiO2电极的光电流产生的起始波长都向长波方向移动;在380~600nm范围内,PbS/RuL2(NCS)2复合敏化Cd掺杂电极的效果比PbS和RuL2(NCS)2单独敏化的效果更好  相似文献   

7.
提出了一种在室温、大气环境等温和条件下通过酯化反应将端羧基聚合物链接枝到纳米SiO2微球表面从而制备有机/无机复合纳米微粒的新方法.该方法通过以下两个步骤得以实现,即第一,用3-环氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷对纳米SiO2微球表面进行改性处理,接着将引入到纳米SiO2表面的环氧基团转化为烷羟基基团;第二,通过引入到纳米SiO2微球表面的烷羟基与聚合物中的端羧基在室温下发生酯化反应,从而将聚合物接枝到纳米SiO2表面制得复合微球.利用XPS、FTIR、TEM和TGA等测试手段对纳米SiO2的改性过程以及聚合物接枝后得到的复合微球进行了表征.研究结果表明,该室温酯化接枝方法具有较高的接枝率,接枝到无机纳米微粒表面的聚合物占复合微球质量的55wt%~70wt%;接枝聚合物后,纳米SiO2微球的粒径从40nm增加到64~75nm,从而得到了以SiO2为核、以聚合物为壳的有机-无机复合微球.  相似文献   

8.
采用含氢聚甲基硅氧烷(PHMS)与丙烯酸酯类单体进行接枝共聚,制得兼具二者优异性能的新型PHMS/丙烯酸丁酯(BA)/羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)复合聚合物乳液.讨论了PHMS、NMA和引发剂用量对该复合乳液的聚合反应转化率、稳定性及粘度的影响.采用透射电子显微镜和粒度测试仪对不同反应条件下制备的乳液的粒度进行了测定.同时对聚合反应的机理、产物的结构及胶膜性能作了考察.结果表明:通过乳液聚合,得到了PHMS/BA/NMA共聚物,控制PHMS、NMA、引发剂等用量可制得粒度和粘度适中,具有较高转化率的稳定PHMS/BA/NMA复合聚合物乳液,该乳液所制得的胶膜具有优良的性能  相似文献   

9.
研究了五种催化剂在全芳族液晶聚酯合成过程中的催化效应以及对转化率的影响。通过反应动力学数据求得催化反应速率常数、反应活化能,确定催化剂存在下的全芳聚酯多元共缩聚反应符合二级反应规律。在考察催化剂对聚合物热稳定性副作用的基础上,综合确定并择出适合于全芳液晶聚酯合成用的首选催化剂为双组份体系Pb(Ac)2+Sb2O3和Pb3O4十Sb2O3。  相似文献   

10.
CdS/TiO2复合纳米微粒的原位合成及性质研究   总被引:19,自引:2,他引:17  
采用一种新方法,在TiO2表面原位合成CdS纳米微粒,并用红外光谱跟踪了CdS/TiO2复合纳米微粒的形成过程,紫外吸收光谱研究表明TiO2纳米微粒的形成有很了的稳定作用,荧光光谱研究结果表明,这种纳米异质结构有着良好的电荷分离。  相似文献   

11.
Organic metal-salt (lead dimethacrylate (Pb(MA)2)) nanofibers are prepared, and these Pb(MA)2 monomeric nanofibers are successfully converted into PbS nanoparticles/polymer composite nanofibers through the combined use of gamma-irradiated polymerization and gas/solid reaction. The resulting composite nanofibers have excellent thermal and chemical stability, and the PbS nanoparticles (with diameters of about 4 nm) are well dispersed in the polymer-fiber matrices. This approach could also be extended to methacrylates containing other metal ions. We anticipate that this method would provide a platform for the fabrication of diverse and multifunctional polymer nanocomposite fibers, which would have potential applications in fabricating devices with optical, electric, and magnetic properties.  相似文献   

12.
分别测定了纯煤样和浸浸煤样的小角X线射线散射,基于GBC理论假设,采用相关函数法计算了原位担载于两种烟烟上FeSO4的粒径分布,考察了助剂NaS和尿素的添加对其粒径分布的影响。计算结果与XRD表征结果相似,FeSO4在两种煤样上的最可几粒径为4nm左右,分布范围0.5~8nm。助剂对FeSO4粒径分布的影响较小,它们的添加主要是改变了催化剂前驱体的活性组成。  相似文献   

13.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were used to characterize the morphology of thermoplastic nanocomposites. These materials were based on a thermoplastic matrix of a copolymer of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) with spherical 10 nm silica particles as a filler (filler content 2, 5 and 10 vol%, respectively). Depending on the surface modification of the particles, it was possible to control the aggregation tendency of the primary filler particles. With uncoated particles large aggregates about 100 nm in size could be observed by TEM. For nanocomposites containing particles coated with methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS), TEM showed that the particles were better dispersed in the polymer matrix only forming aggregates comprised of two or three primary particles. In comparison to the TEM results, the volume weighted particle size distribution calculated from SAXS for the systems with uncoated particles is monomodal and shows particle sizes in the range of primary particles whereas the systems with MPTS coated particles revealed a bimodal size distribution with particle sizes comparable to those measured with TEM. To obtain complete information about the morphology of the nanocomposites above the critical upper limit of detectable scattering vectors (particle sizes >50 nm) SAXS has to be supported by TEM, whereas in the nanosize range below the critical limit both methods exhibit an excellent correspondence.  相似文献   

14.
徐耀  吴东  孙予罕  李志宏  吴中华 《化学学报》2007,65(16):1533-1538
弦长度分布(chord length distribution, 简称CLD)可以用来描述几何对象(球形颗粒、柱状孔、薄片等)的大小、形状和空间排布等特点. 原理上, 弦长度分布正比于由小角散射所得的相关函数的二次微分, 因此可以由相对散射强度进行计算. 在结构研究中, 将实验所得弦长度分布与理论计算某种确定几何体所得高度准确的弦长度分布进行比较, 可以获知对象的特征几何结构. 本文以中孔氧化硅分子筛为研究对象, 介绍了弦长度分布的计算方法, 以此精确计算了中孔分子筛的孔径分布, 得到了分子筛表面有机官能化对孔径的影响规律.  相似文献   

15.
In this work, functionalized nanometric silica particles were engaged in emulsion polymerization of ethyl acrylate. The morphological characterization of this composite material was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). We were particularly interested in the state of encapsulation of the silica particles and their distribution in the latex film. Initialy, we successively studied both components of the composite: polymer beads and silica particles differ by their size and also by their contrast. In addition, it was possible to perfrom dark field TEM to study this system of two amorphous phases because their respective amorphous halos are not too close. Hence, we investigated the colloid material in aqueous media and after film formation. Although no ideal encapsulation is observed in the colloid in aqueous media, the distribution of silica in the latex film is good. SAXS results are in good agreement with TEM observations.  相似文献   

16.
A new method for the preparation of semiconductor PbS quantum dot-doped Ormocer (Organically Modified Ceramic) has been developed. The Ormocer matrix was prepared through the hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxysilane precursors (sol-gel process). Formation of PbS particles took place in the porous Ormocer through H2S gas reaction with a lead precursor incorporated at the solution stage. Control of the PbS dot size was achieved through the use of organically substituted trifunctional silanes. Particle formation and growth was studied under different experimental conditions (e.g. temperature and lead precursor concentrations) where nucleation and aggregation processes occurred. Determination of the average particle size was done by XRD. Transmission electron microscopy was also used to determine particle diameter as well as particle size distribution. Optical absorption spectra were measured at the UV-VIS wavelength range. Absorption edge blue shifts showed the quantum confinement effect in these materials. The non-hydrolyzed groups bonded to the silane prevented uncontrolled nucleation and aggregation during the particle formation and growth, i.e. at the solution stage by the homogeneous distribution of the Pb salts or at the xerogel state by the capping of the growing particles.  相似文献   

17.
Particle formation and particle growth compete in the course of an emulsion polymerization reaction. Any variation in the rate of particle growth, therefore, will result in an opposite effect on the rate of particle formation. The particle formation in a semibatch emulsion polymerization of styrene under monomer‐starved conditions was studied. The semibatch emulsion polymerization reactions were started by the monomer being fed at a low rate to a reaction vessel containing deionized water, an emulsifier, and an initiator. The number of polymer particles increased with a decreasing monomer feed rate. A much larger number of particles (within 1–2 orders of magnitude) than that generally expected from a conventional batch emulsion polymerization was obtained. The results showed a higher dependence of the number of polymer particles on the emulsifier and initiator concentrations compared with that for a batch emulsion polymerization. The size distribution of the particles was characterized by a positive skewness due to the declining rate of the growth of particles during the nucleation stage. A routine for monomer partitioning among the polymer phase, the aqueous phase, and micelles was developed. The results showed that particle formation most likely occurred under monomer‐starved conditions. A small average radical number was obtained because of the formation of a large number of polymer particles, so the kinetics of the system could be explained by a zero–one system. The particle size distribution of the latexes broadened with time as a result of stochastic broadening associated with zero–one systems. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3940–3952, 2001  相似文献   

18.
研究了快淬NdFeB永磁粉颗粒及其分布对聚合物粘结NdFeB永磁材料性能的影响。快淬Nd-FeB永磁粉颗凿大小及其分布显著地影响聚合物结NdFeB永磁材料的磁性能。适当尺寸的快淬NdFeB磁粉组合可获得高的结NdFeB永磁帝主要是由于快淬NdFeB磁粉硬度高,呈鳞片状,其尺雨越大越难获得高密度,但尺寸太小又将破坏磁粉的结构,导致磁性能恶化。  相似文献   

19.
Plasma polymer silver composite films were investigated by means of cross section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). The silver is encapsulated in the form of small particles in a nearly homogeneous plasma polymer matrix. The shape and the size of the particles vary with the polymerization power density. At lower polymerization power density the silver particles appear almost spherical and a three-dimensional particle distribution can be found in the polymer matrix. However the shape of particles at higher power density is more elliptic and the particle distribution is two-dimensional. The different kinds of encapsulation can be interpreted as being due to the different densities and porosities of the plasma polymer matrix.  相似文献   

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