D-半胱氨酸自组装膜对D-或L-天冬氨酸结晶行为的影响

在相同的实验条件下,研究了D-半胱氨酸自组装膜对D-或L-天冬氨酸结晶行为的影响.实验结果表明,不同手性的天冬氨酸在D-半胱氨酸自组装膜提供的手性模板环境下表现出某些令人感兴趣的结晶特点.在自组装膜的诱导作用下,D-或L-天冬氨酸都沿着[100]方向择优生长.然而,显微镜图象和高效液相色谱（HPLC）结果都表明,D-或L-天冬氨酸在D-半胱氨酸自组装膜上的结晶数量却有明显不同,L-天冬氨酸的结晶数量远远大于D-天冬氨酸的结晶数量.D-和L-天冬氨酸分子存在镜面对称关系,与D-半胱酸自组装膜接近过程中,空间位阻的差别造成了L-或D-天冬氨酸结晶数量的显著差异.     

量子化学计算解析手性共价有机框架材料6色谱固定相的手性拆分机理

为探究手性共价有机框架材料6(Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks 6, CCOF6)色谱固定相的手性拆分机理,首先运用ORCA程序对CCOF6及4对手性对映体进行结构优化,然后使用AutoDock程序对CCOF6及各对映体分子进行分子对接,获得CCOF6与对映体相互作用的初始构型;采用ORCA程序(B3LYP泛函,带DFT-D3校正,轨道基组为def2-TZVP, def2/J作为RI-J的辅助基组,RIJCOSX用来加速计算)对初始构型进行能量计算,以最终确定CCOF6与对映体的相互作用构型,并获得相应的结合自由能和结合自由能差;使用Multiwfn程序对ORCA结果进行独立梯度模型分析,并应用视觉分子动力学程序可视化展示CCOF6与对映体的弱相互作用。结果表明:①在计算结合自由能方面,考虑了溶剂效应的ORCA计算方法比不考虑溶剂效应的ORCA以及AutoDock计算方法更为精确;②CCOF6色谱固定相与对映体之间的结合自由能差绝对值越大,对映体的选择性因子也越大,然而对映体的分离度不一定会越大;③除S-1-苯基-1-丙醇是以羟基和CCOF6的醚键发生相互作用外,其他对映体皆为羟基与CCOF6的羰基发生相互作用,且S-1-苯基-1-丙醇与CCOF6的结合力最弱;④结合对映体的出峰时间和其与CCOF6的结合自由能大小可以推断,正己烷/异丙醇流动相对1-苯基-1-丙醇的洗脱能力最弱,正己烷/异丙醇流动相对1-苯基-2-丙醇的洗脱能力次弱;⑤除了S-1-苯基-1-丙醇出峰时间迟于R-1-苯基-1-丙醇,其余对映体均为R型出峰时间迟于S型。     

基于L/D-赖氨酸盐酸盐和光活化AIE分子共组装实现圆偏振发光及动态调控

近年来, 基于分子组装产生圆偏振发光(CPL)的有机手性材料得到了迅猛的发展. 然而, 目前有机材料体系的CPL信号整体仍然较弱, 且缺乏精准的调控手段. 为此, 本工作以具有光活性的聚集诱导荧光增强(AIE)性质的多硫苯基化合物(M-1)为荧光染料, 以手性氨基酸L/D-赖氨酸盐酸盐(L/D-Lys)为手性模板, 通过分子间氢键作用, 在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)/H₂O的混合溶剂中形成超分子L/D-Lys@M-1共组装体. 共组装体在不良溶剂水的溶剂作用下诱导产生CPL, 且在紫外光激发下具有自聚集效应, 产生持续增强的荧光发射和圆二色(CD)信号. 通过荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱和动态光散射(DLS)对组装体在光激发下的结构和光物理性质进行表征, 利用CD光谱以及CPL光谱等对基态和激发态手性性质进行研究. 结果表明, 在溶剂诱导和光激发下实现了L/D-Lys@M-1组装体的手性传递和放大, 且不对称因子(|g_lum|)达到了0.3×10^-2. 该研究策略为非手性的荧光分子构建CPL体系及动态调控提供了策略.     

手性流动相添加剂高效液相色谱法分离苯基琥珀酸对映体

以七(2,3,6三-O-甲基)-β-环糊精(TM-β-CD)作为手性流动相添加剂,反相高效液相色谱研究苯基琥珀酸(PSA)对映体拆分;在Nova—pak C18色谱柱上,采用0．30mmol/L TM-β-CD、含0．05％三氟乙酸的乙腈一水(体积比16：84)为流动相,(R)-(-)-PSA和(s)-( )-PSA的容量因子分别为5．43和6．42,对映体分离因子为1．18,分离度为2．50;对比：PSA在β-CD手性流动相法和2,6-丁基化-β-CD涂渍C18柱的色谱行为,探讨环糊精分子对PSA的手性拆分机理：本法已用于测定L-脯氨酸化学拆分苯基琥珀酸对映体产品的光学纯度。     

2-戊基-3-苯基-2,3-环氧丙醇对映体在手性柱上的拆分研究

采用多糖类手性固定相,建立2-戊基-3-苯基-2,3-环氧丙醇对映体的高效液相色谱(HPLC)手性分析方法。考察了手性柱类型、流动相组成、流速及柱温对2-戊基-3-苯基-2,3-环氧丙醇对映体拆分的影响。结果表明,以Chiralcel OD-H色谱柱(25×0.46cm,5μm)分离,采用正己烷-异丙醇(V/V,90∶10)作流动相,在流速为0.8 mL·min-1,柱温25℃,检测波长210nm的条件下,2-戊基-3-苯基-2,3-环氧丙醇对映体能达到基线分离,且具有较好的重复性和稳定性,可用于对映体的拆分及质量控制。该方法也适用于2-戊基-3-苯基-2,3-环氧丙醇类似物质的手性拆分。     

直链淀粉-三[(S)-1-苯乙基氨基甲酸酯]手性固定相拆分布地奈德对映体及其制剂含量的测定

22R-布地奈德的药物活性比22S-布地奈德的强2~3倍,开发布地奈德对映体拆分和定量分析方法,可为其药物研发及质量控制提供重要依据。目前,主要以反相C₁₈固定相对布地奈德对映体进行拆分,而采用手性固定相对其进行拆分少有报道。通过考察固定相、流动相和柱温对布地奈德对映体拆分的影响,建立了基于直链淀粉-三[(S)-1-苯乙基氨基甲酸酯]手性固定相快速拆分和检测布地奈德对映体的高效液相色谱方法,其色谱条件如下:色谱柱为Chiralpak AS-RH色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5.0 μm),流动相为乙腈-水(45∶55, v/v),柱温40 ℃,流速1.0 mL/min,二极管阵列检测器(DAD),检测波长246 nm,进样量10 μL。在该色谱条件下,布地奈德的两个对映体得到较好拆分,22R-布地奈德和22S-布地奈德的保留时间分别6.40 min和7.77 min,分离度为4.64; 22R-布地奈德和22S-布地奈德分别在各自范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R²)均为0.9999,检出限分别为0.05 μg/mL和0.07 μg/mL,定量限分别为0.16 μg/mL和0.20 μg/mL; 4个添加水平的样品加标回收率为102.63%~104.17%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.08%~0.57%(n=6)。将该方法应用于1批次4个吸入用布地奈德混悬液实际样品进行检测,22R-布地奈德和22S-布地奈德的含量分别为283.15~284.63 μg/mL和259.86~261.51 μg/mL。该方法操作简便,分析时间短,重复性好,准确度高,可用于布地奈德对映体的拆分及其制剂的质量控制。     

手性温敏凝胶 P(NIPAM-co-NALL)的制备及识别性能

以L-亮氨酸(L-Leu)为手性源, 经酯化和缩合等步骤制备手性单体(NALL), 以该单体为手性识别基团, 在交联剂N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和引发剂偶氮二异丁腈的作用下, 与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)以不同的质量比发生自由基共聚, 制备了一系列新型手性温敏水凝胶P(NIPAM-co-NALL), 其结构经红外光谱确证. 相比于PNIPAM水凝胶, 疏水性单体NALL的引入使 P(NIPAM-co-NALL)凝胶的温敏性下降. 以D, L-苯丙氨酸为模型药物对P(NIPAM-co-NALL)凝胶的手性识别和拆分性能进行研究, 结果表明, 手性温敏凝胶对D型对映体具有选择吸附性, 且吸附量随着手性单体含量的增加而增加; 提高温度(40 ℃)有利于手性温敏凝胶对D, L-苯丙氨酸的手性识别和拆分. P(NIPAM-co-NALL)凝胶在重复使用后依然具有手性识别性能, 但其吸附量随着使用次数的增加而下降, 3次重复使用后吸附量下降到原来的27.6%.     

β-环糊精流动相添加剂法拆分特非那丁对映体

以β-环糊精为手性流动相添加剂，于C18反相柱上建立了特非那丁手性对映体的高效液相色谱拆分方法。探讨了β-环糊精浓度、有机修饰剂种类及含量、流动相pH等因素对特非那丁对映体拆分的影响，结果表明：当流动相为高氯酸钠溶液（0.08mol/L）：乙醇：二乙胺（75：25：0.5），pH6.2，含β-环糊精浓度为25mmol/L时特非那丁对映体得到良好分离。     

HP-β-CD对苯基琥珀酸对映体色谱保留机制及拆分机理的研究

利用反相液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法,以羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)为手性流动相添加剂,研究了苯基琥珀酸(PSA)对映体的色谱保留机制.苯基琥珀酸对映体达到基线分离的最佳色谱分离条件为:10 mmol/L HP-β-CD,20% (体积分数)乙腈,0.05%(体积分数)三氟乙酸,pH 2.5,柱温25 ℃,流速1.0 mL/min,进样量为20 μL,检测波长为254 nm.该文建立了保留因子(k)与ce(HP-β-CD)、ce(H+)、包结平衡常数以及苯基琥珀酸的解离常数的关系式,并结合实验对该关系式进行了验证.保留因子的倒数1/k对ce(HP-β-CD)呈良好的线性关系,证明HP-β-CD与苯基琥珀酸对映体形成了包合比1 ∶ 1的包合物.在低酸度值下,包结平衡常数的计算结果显示,R-(-)-苯基琥珀酸与HP-β-CD所形成的包合物的包结平衡常数(162.5)比S-(+)-苯基琥珀酸(97.4)的大很多.手性拆分过程中热力学参数的计算结果表明,HP-β-CD对苯基琥珀酸对映体的分离过程主要是一个焓驱动的过程,包合过程是一个放热过程.通过比较手性选择体结构,探讨了HP-β-CD拆分苯基琥珀酸对映体的机理. 研究表明,分子尺寸大小相匹配以及构象诱导作用大小不同可能是HP-β-CD拆分苯基琥珀酸对映体的主要因素.     

手性流动相添加剂法拆分比索洛尔对映体

以羧甲基-β-环糊精作为手性流动相添加剂,建立了高效液相色谱拆分比索洛尔对映体的方法。系统考察了手性添加剂的种类及浓度、流动相中甲醇的含量、pH值和流速等因素对拆分的影响。色谱分离条件:流动相甲醇∶乙腈∶水为20∶67∶13(V/V/V),羧甲基-β-环糊精浓度为0.5g.L-1,pH值为4.07(以三乙胺-冰乙酸调节),流速为0.3mL.min-1,检测波长223nm,对映体得到基线分离,分离度为1.89。     

A Better Understanding of the Formation of Silica Nanococoons

Silica nanococoons with coiled or concentric circular pore channels in the walls attracted much attention, recently. However, the formation of them is not well illustrated. Herein, hollow silica shells with organized pore channels parallel to the shell surface were prepared through a single‐templating method using the self‐assemblies of a chiral low‐molecular‐weight amphiphile,L‐18Phe6PyBr, as templates under a dilute concentration. These nanococoons were characterized using X‐ray diffractometer and N₂ sorption. The formation of them was clearly shown in the field‐emission electron microscopy images which were taken at a low voltage. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy images taken after different reaction times indicated a cooperative self‐assemble mechanism. It was also found that the nanocoons were formed from coiled nanoribbons.     

Control of mesoporous silica nanostructures and pore-architectures using a thickener and a gelator

A chiral cationic thickener l-ValPyBr, which was able to enhance the viscosity of water and form loosely physical gel in mixtures of water and alcohols, was synthesized. Sol-gel polymerization of TEOS was carried out in mixtures of water and alcohols under basic conditions using the self-assemblies of l-ValPyBr as template. The left-handed twisted mesoporous silica nanoribbons, which were constructed by nanotubes in monolayer, were obtained, and they tended to self-assemble into bundle structure. Stirring under the preparation process played an important role in the formation of this bundle structure. The obtained silica nanoribbons were uniform in width, thickness, and helical pitch without combining amorphous particles. The helical pitch and pore size of the mesoporous silica nanoribbons sensitively depended on the volume ratio of alcohols to water in the reaction mixtures. With increasing volume ratio of alcohols to water in the reaction mixture, the morphologies of the obtained silica changed from left-handed twisted ribbon to coiled ribbon, then to tubular structure. A compound l-ValPyPF6, structurally related to thickener l-ValPyBr, was able to form physical gel in ethanol, THF, acetonitrile, and the mixtures of ethanol and water. Left-handed multiple helical mesoporous silica nanofibers were prepared by using the self-assemblies of l-ValPyPF6 as template in mixtures of water and alcohols under basic conditions. By controlling both the volume ratio of ethanol to water and the weight ratio of l-ValPyPF6 to TEOS, two- or three-dimensional pore-architecture constructed by porous chiral nanotubes was obtained.     

Chiral Carbonaceous Nanotubes Containing Twisted Carbonaceous Nanoribbons,Prepared by the Carbonization of Chiral Organic Self‐Assemblies

Single‐handed helical silica nanotubes containing chiral organic self‐assemblies were prepared by using a supramolecular templating approach. After carbonization and the removal of the silica, single‐handed helical carbonaceous nanotubes that contained twisted carbonaceous nanoribbons were obtained. It is believed that the nanotubes formed as a result of the adsorption of low‐molecular‐weight gelators. The twisted nanoribbons were formed because of the carbonization of the organic self‐assemblies. The samples were characterized by using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. For the samples carbonized at 900 °C for 3.0 h, a partially graphitized structure was identified. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra indicated that the twisted nanoribbons exhibited optical activity. The CD spectrum was simulated by using time‐dependent density functional theory. The results suggested that the CD signals originated from the chiral stacking of aromatic rings.     

Improved Method for Lacosamide Synthesis with Chemoenzymatic Method

Lacosamide was prepared by chemical method coupled with enzymatic method. N-Acetyl-D, L-3-methoxy-alanine, derived from D,L-3-methoxy-alanine, was used in the resolution process catalyzed by immobilized Escherichia coli cells with aminoacylase(EC3.5.1.14) activity. N-Acetyl-D-3-methoxy-alanine and L-3- methoxy-alanine were obtained from the resolution system. Lacosamide was synthesized by the amidation of N-acetyl-D-3-methoxy-alanine with benzylamine.     

Enantioseparation of α-amino acids on an 18-crown-6-tetracarboxylic acid-bonded silica by capillary electrochromatography

(−)-(18-Crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid-bonded silica was used as the chiral stationary phase in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) for enantioseparation of some α-amino acids. Separation data in CEC were measured in mobile phases of varying pH, and composition of methanol and buffer, and compared with those in capillary liquid chromatography (CLC). In CEC better enantioseparation was generally obtained in the eluent of lower pH, higher buffer concentration and intermediate MeOH content, usually at the expense of analysis time. CEC showed generally better enantioselectivity and resolutions than CLC for the amino acids investigated.     

Preparation of silica capsules via an acid-catalyzed sol–gel process in inverse miniemulsions

Silica capsules were prepared via a sol–gel process using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in inverse miniemulsions under highly acidic conditions (pH?<?2). Formation of silica capsules under acidic conditions proceeded via internal phase separation of silica species in the droplets. This mechanism is different from the well-known interfacial reaction mechanism for most syntheses of silica capsules. The driving force for the formation of capsules was the interaction between silica species and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as well as between silica species and the hydrophilic block of the block copolymer surfactant, poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (P(E/B)-PEO). The effects of synthetic parameters on the particle morphology and size were systematically investigated in terms of the reaction time, amount of TEOS, CTAB, P(E/B)-PEO, and hydrochloric acid concentration, as well as addition of ethanol.     

Hybrid silica-PVA nanofibers via sol-gel electrospinning

We report on the synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-silica hybrid nanofibers via sol-gel electrospinning. Silica is synthesized through acid catalysis of a silica precursor (tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in ethanol-water), and fibers are obtained by electrospinning a mixture of the silica precursor solution and aqueous PVA. A systematic investigation on how the amount of TEOS, the silica-PVA ratio, the aging time of the silica precursor mixture, and the solution rheology influence the fiber morphology is undertaken and reveals a composition window in which defect-free hybrid nanofibers with diameters as small as 150 nm are obtained. When soaked overnight in water, the hybrid fibers remain intact, essentially maintaining their morphology, even though PVA is soluble in water. We believe that mixing of the silica precursor and PVA in solution initiates the participation of the silica precursor in cross-linking of PVA so that its -OH group becomes unavailable for hydrogen bonding with water. FTIR analysis of the hybrids confirms the disappearance of the -OH peak typically shown by PVA, while formation of a bond between PVA and silica is indicated by the Si-O-C peak in the spectra of all the hybrids. The ability to form cross-linked nanofibers of PVA using thermally stable and relatively inert silica could broaden the scope of use of these materials in various technologies.     

In situ silica reinforcement of methyl methacrylate grafted natural rubber by sol–gel process

In situ silica reinforcement of natural rubber (NR) grafted with methyl methacrylate (MMA) (MMA-GNR) was achieved via the sol–gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) by the use of solid rubber and latex solutions. Silica contents within the MMA-GNR as high as 48 and 19 phr were obtained when using the solid rubber and latex solutions, respectively, under optimum conditions. The conversion efficiency of TEOS to silica was close to 95%. The in situ formed silica MMA-GNR/NR composite vulcanizates were prepared. MMA-GNR/NR composite vulcanizates reinforced with the in situ formed silica prepared by either method had similar mechanical properties to each other, but a shorter cure time and higher mechanical properties than those reinforced with the commercial silica at 9 phr. The TEM micrographs confirmed that the in situ formed silica particles were well dispersed within the MMA-GNR/NR composite matrix, whilst the commercial silica particles showed a significant level of agglomeration and a lower level of dispersion.     

Influence of Sol-Gel Synthesis Parameters on the Microstructure of Particulate Silica Xerogels

The influence of key sol-gel synthesis parameters on the pore structure of microporous silica xerogels was investigated. The silica xerogels were prepared using an acid-catalyzed aqueous sol-gel process, with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the silicon-containing precursor. At high H2O : TEOS ratios, sols synthesized at pH 2–3 yielded minimum values of mean micropore diameter and micropore volume. Analysis of the resulting Type I nitrogen adsorption isotherms and the equilibrium adsorption of N(C4F9)3 indicated micropore diameters for these xerogels of less than approximately 10 Å.Xerogel micropore volumes corresponding to sols prepared at pH 3 and an H2O : TEOS ratio of r = 83 were consistent with nearly close packing of silica spheres in the xerogel. Xerogel microstructure was only weakly dependent upon H2O : TEOS ratio during sol synthesis for r > 10. Xerogel micropore volume increased rapidly with sol aging time during an initial induction period of particle formation. However, the xerogel microstructure changed only slowly with time after this initial period, suggesting potential processing advantages for the particulate sol-gel route to porous silica materials.Surface adsorption properties of the silica xerogels were investigated at ambient temperature using N2, SF6, and CO2. CO2 adsorbed most strongly, SF6 also showed measurable adsorption, and N2 adsorption was nearly zero. These results were consistent with the surface transport of CO2, and to a lesser extent SF6, observed in gas permeation studies performed through thin membrane films cast from similarly prepared silica sols.