电化学制备有序聚苯胺纳米线阵列

以有序碳纳米管阵列电极为基底电极,在硫酸或高氯酸溶液中,分别探明不同电化学聚合方法以及苯胺单体浓度对聚苯胺形貌的影响. 结果表明：采用循环伏安法无法制备出聚苯胺纳米线;而应用恒电位法虽可制得聚苯胺纳米线,但纳米线不能形成有序阵列;只有应用恒电流方法,并且以高浓度苯胺的高氯酸溶液作为聚合溶液,方能制得有序聚苯胺纳米线阵列.     

还原氧化石墨烯表面聚苯胺纳米阵列的制备及电化学电容性能

本文以阳极氧化铝(AAO)膜为模板,通过恒电位法在自组装还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)膜表面制备有序聚苯胺(PANI)纳米线阵列。通过拉曼光谱和场发射扫描电子显微镜分别对其结构和微观形貌进行了表征,并对PANI纳米线阵列的电化学电容性能进行了测试。结果表明,rGO膜表面可电沉积PANI,电沉积得到的PANI纳米线阵列具有比PANI薄膜材料更高的电容和比电容。     

由苯胺二聚体电化学制备聚苯胺的形貌可控性初探

以苯胺二聚体（N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine）为起始单体,在1 mol·L^-1高氯酸水-乙腈混合液中,玻碳电极表面电化学制备聚苯胺. 实验结果表明,苯胺二聚体单体的聚合电位比苯胺单体的低约0.2 V,并且其聚合物具有更高的形貌可控性. 苯胺二聚体单体浓度分别为1、5和10 mmol·L^-1时,采用分步恒电流法可分别制备出形貌均一的聚苯胺纳米粒子（粒径30 nm）、超长的纳米线（> 5 μm 直径50 nm）和大面积纳米片（4 μm × 2 μm × 30 nm）.     

Ag+掺杂聚苯胺的制备及其电容特性研究

以苯胺为单体,采用界面聚合法合成了不同浓度的Ag⁺掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI/Ag⁺),使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和场发射扫描电镜（SEM）等手段对其结构和形貌进行了分析和表征. 在0.5 mol•L^-1 Na₂SO₄电解液中,通过循环伏安（CV）、恒流充放电（CP）以及电化学阻抗（EIS）等技术研究了其电化学性能. 结果表明,当电流密度为5 mA•cm^-2时,PANI/0.12mol•L^-1 Ag⁺的比电容达529 F•g^-1,循环1000次后比电容保持51%,相对于无Ag⁺掺杂的PANI,表现出更优良的电化学电容特性.     

聚苯胺/介孔碳纳米线复合电极材料的制备和性能

以介孔碳纳米线为基体, 通过电化学方法制备了新型聚苯胺/介孔碳纳米线(PANI/MCFs)复合材料, 采用SEM和TEM等手段对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征. 结果表明, 聚苯胺均匀附在介孔碳纳米线表面, 并填充到纳米线介孔孔道中. 将复合材料组装成三电极体系超级电容器, 用循环伏安、 恒流充放电和交流阻抗等方法对材料的电化学性能进行了测试. 结果显示, 在1 mol/L H₂SO₄溶液中, 复合材料的比电容达到391 F/g, 其循环稳定性也得到显著提高.     

界面聚合法制备PANI/TiO2纳米复合纤维材料

采用界面自组装聚合的方法, 成功地制备出PANI/TiO2纳米复合纤维材料, 采用TEM, FTIR, XRD及TG等技术对其形貌、结构及热稳定性能进行了表征, 并考察了苯胺单体浓度、TiO2的活化与否对复合材料形貌的影响. 结果表明, TiO2的活化处理是影响该复合材料形貌的主要因素, 活化处理后的TiO2能进入PANI纳米纤维的内部, 且分散得更加均匀; PANI/TiO2纳米复合纤维的直径随着苯胺单体浓度的增加而增加. 同时, TiO2的加入改善了PANI的耐热性能. 采用该法合成的纳米复合材料具有合成条件温和、易于控制、纯化简单、省去了使用模板/消除模板的过程及能够一步得到大量产品等许多优点.     

脉冲电流法电解合成聚苯胺

在0.2mol/L苯胺和0.5mol/LH₂SO₄介质中采用脉冲电流法电解合成聚苯胺(PANI)膜.循环伏安研究表明,与恒电流法相比,脉冲电流法制得的PANI膜具有更好的电化学活性.扫描电镜(SEM)对膜层的微观形貌观察发现,这种特殊的聚苯胺膜层呈纳米纤维状结构,不同于恒电流法制取的颗粒状PANI膜.讨论了脉冲通断比和频率对于膜层性能的影响.     

PANI/MWCNT电极在硫酸锂溶液中电容性能

化学氧化法制备聚苯胺/多壁碳纳米管复合材料(PANI/MWCNT),扫描电镜(SEM)、XRD及IR表征样品结构及形貌,电化学方法测定复合电极循环伏安曲线、恒流充放电曲线及电极交流阻抗.结果表明,PANI/MWCNT电极在1mol/L的Li2SO4溶液中具有较好电容性能,在电流密度为5mA/cm2时,比电容为412F/g.PANI/MWCNT电极较PANI电极有更好的大电流放电能力,50mA/cm2下复合电极的比电容仍达318F/g,为5mA/cm2时该电极比电容的77.2%,而PANI电极的比电容仅为其5mA/cm2时的56.2%.交流阻抗证明碳纳米管降低复合电极的电阻,显著提高大电流放电能力.     

单晶Ni纳米线阵列的制备与磁性能

采用恒电流沉积方法, 在多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板中制备出了具有单晶结构的Ni纳米线阵列. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术对制备的Ni纳米线阵列的形貌及结构进行了表征. 利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)对单晶Ni纳米线阵列的磁性能进行了研究. 结果表明, 单晶镍纳米线阵列的易磁化方向为纳米线轴向, 并且与多晶纳米线相比显示出了更高的矫顽力. 直径为30 nm的纳米线具有较高的矫顽力(8.236×104 A/m)和较高的剩磁比(Mr＝0.94Ms).     

导电聚吡咯纳米线的电化学无模板法可控合成与表征

以β-萘磺酸(NSA)为掺杂剂,采用电化学无模板法制备了聚吡咯(PPy)纳米线.研究了NSA浓度、吡咯(Py)单体浓度及反应温度对PPy纳米线形貌的影响.分别采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和拉曼光谱对PPy纳米线的结构形貌和化学结构进行了表征.结果表明,利用电化学无模板法可得到中空的PPy纳米线;NSA浓度会影响PPy纳米线的取向性;增大Py单体浓度,可制得圆锥状PPy纳米线;低温有利于合成形状细长、紧密堆积的PPy纳米线.PPy纳米线形貌受游离Py浓度及Py-NSA胶束数量影响,通过调节NSA浓度、Py浓度及反应温度改变游离Py浓度及Py-NSA胶束数量,可制得不同形貌的PPy纳米线.     

Conducting Polyaniline Nanowire Arrays Modified Electrode for High Performance Supercapacitor and Enhanced Catalysis of Nitrite Reduction

Vertically aligned conducting polymer nanowire arrays had great potential applications in supercapacitor electrode material and exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic behavior towards the reduction of nitrite. In this paper, a facial template‐free approach to synthesize large arrays of vertically aligned polyaniline (PANI) nanowires on electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrodes was reported by using a galvanostatic current method. The as‐prepared large arrays of PANI nanowires had very narrow diameters and were oriented perpendicular to the substrate, which was a benefit to the ion diffusion when being used as the supercapacitor electrode. The highest specific capacitance of PANI nanowire arrays was measured and kept high at a large charge‐discharge current density. Furthermore, it also can detect nitrite with ultrahigh sensitivity of 62.99 µA mM^?1 cm^?2 and a remarkable fast response time of less 1 s. The results indicated that the vertically aligned PANI nanowires could dramatically enhance the electrochemical performance.     

Asymmetric supercapacitors based on high capacitance Ni6MnO8 and graphene

A fast, facile and cost-effective method is used to synthesize Ni₆MnO₈ electrode with high electrochemical performance. The supercapacitor based on Ni₆MnO₈ electrode exhibits excellent stability, high area specific capacitance and promising energy and power density.     

MnO2/H-TiO2纳米异质阵列的调控制备及超电容特性

采用目标调控的阳极氧化工艺制备了超大比表面、管与管相互分离的有序TiO₂纳米管阵列（TiO₂ NTAs）基体,进而分别采用电化学氢化法和循环浸渍沉积法对晶化退火后的TiO₂ NTAs实施电化学氢化和高比电容MnO₂沉积的双重功能化改性,调控构筑了一种新型MnO₂/H-TiO₂纳米异质阵列电极材料。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（TRTEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X光电子能谱仪（XPS）、拉曼光谱（Raman）和电化学工作站等对样品进行综合表征与超电容特性测试,结果表明：电化学氢化改性有效提高了H-TiO₂ NTAs的导电性和电化学特性,当电流密度为0.2 mA·cm^-2时H-TiO₂ NTAs的面积电容达到7.5 mF·cm^-2,是相同电流密度下TiO₂ NTAs的75倍;经过2个浸渍循环所获得的MnO₂/H-TiO₂ NTAs-2样品在电流密度为3 mA·mg^-1时比电容可达481.26 F·g^-1,电流密度为5 mA·mg^-1时循环充放电1000圈后比电容仅下降约11%。     

Thin-layered MoS2/polyaniline nanocomposite for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of chloramphenicol

In this study, we synthesized molybdenum disulfide/polyaniline (MoS₂/PANI) nanocomposite via in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of thin-layered MoS₂. The as-prepared MoS₂/PANI nanocomposite obtained an improved electrochemical performance due to the physisorption interaction between aromatic aniline and the basal plane of MoS₂. Furthermore, we constructed a new kind of electrochemical sensor based on MoS₂/PANI nanocomposite for the detection of chloramphenicol, which showed an excellent performance. The sensor has a high sensitivity and wide detection range from 1×10^-7 mol/L to 1×10^-4 mol/L, with a low detection limit of 6.9×10^-8 mol/L.     

铂微粒修饰的氧化钛电极对甲醇的电催化氧化性能

直接甲醇质子交换膜燃料电池(DMPEMFC)可用作未来电动车辆的动力电源,但要达到实际应用还有大量问题有待进一步解决.目前限制DMPEMFC实际应用的主要问题是甲醇阳极氧化催化剂低的活性、高的价格及催化剂的毒化.     

Fabrication of Polyaniline/Graphene/Polyester Textile Electrode Materials for Flexible Supercapacitors with High Capacitance and Cycling Stability

Vertical polyaniline (PANI) nanowire arrays on graphene‐sheet‐coated polyester cloth (RGO/PETC) were fabricated by the in situ chemical polymerization of aniline. The 3D conductive network that was formed by the graphene sheets greatly enhanced the conductivity of PANI/RGO/PETC and improved its mechanical stability. PANI nanowire arrays increased the active surface area of PANI, whilst the hierarchically porous structure of the PANI/RGO/PETC electrode facilitated the diffusion of the electrolyte ions. Electrochemical measurements showed that the composite electrode exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 1293 F g^?1 at a current density of 1 A g^?1. Capacitance retention was greater than 95 %, even after 3000 cycles, which indicated that the electrode material has excellent cycling stability. Moreover, the electrode structure endowed the PANI/RGO/PETC electrode with a stable electrochemical performance under mechanical bending and stretching.     

三元镍基硫属化物纳米棒阵列的简单合成及其高效的电催化析氧性能北大核心CSCD

通过一步溶剂热法成功合成了泡沫镍(NF)支撑的三元镍基硫属化物(Ni_(3)(Se_(x)S_(1−x))_(2))纳米棒阵列。结构表征结果表明,所得三元Ni_(3)(Se_(x)S_(1−x))_(2)纳米棒属于三方物相,在泡沫镍基底上形成了有序的阵列结构。由于其快速的载流子传输效率、丰富的活性位点和多阴离子的协同效应,Ni_(3)(Se_(0.3)S_(0.7))_(2)/NF纳米棒阵列具有最佳的电催化性能。在1.0 mol/L的KOH溶液中,电流密度为50 mA/cm2时,过电势仅为344 mV,塔菲尔斜率为40.17 mV/dec,同时具有优异的电化学稳定性。更重要的是,以商用Pt/C为阴极,Ni_(3)(Se_(0.3)S_(0.7))_(2)/NF纳米棒阵列为阳极进行全分解水实验,仅需要1.49 V的电池电位即可提供10 mA/cm2的电解电流,表现出良好的电解水效果。该研究为电解水技术领域提供了一种高效的电催化剂,也为电化学能源技术中非贵重电催化剂的合理构建提供了有价值的见解。     

The effect of the polyaniline morphology on the performance of polyaniline supercapacitors

The polyaniline (PANI) prepared by the pulse galvanostatic method (PGM) or the galvanostatic method on a stainless steel substrate from an aqueous solution of 0.5 mol/l H₂SO₄ with 0.2 mol/l aniline has been studied as an electroactive material in supercapacitors. The electrochemical performance of the PANI supercapacitor is characterized by cyclic voltammetry, a galvanostatic charge–discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in NaClO₄ and HClO₄ mixed electrolyte. The results show that PANI films with different morphology and hence different capacitance are synthesized by controlling the synthesis methods and conditions. Owing to the double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance increase with increasing real surface area of PANI, the capacitive performances of PANI were enhanced with increasing real surface area of PANI. The highest capacitance is obtained for the PANI film with nanofibrous morphology. From charge–discharge studies of a nanofibrous PANI capacitor, a specific capacitance of 609 F/g and a specific energy density of 26.8 Wh/kg have been obtained at a discharge current density of 1.5 mA/cm². The PANI capacitor also shows little degradation of capacitance after 1,000 cycles. The effects of discharge current density and deposited charge of PANI on capacitance are investigated. The results indicate that the nanofibrous PANI prepared by the PGM is promising for supercapacitors.     

聚苯胺纳米刺/掺氮空心碳球复合材料的制备及电容性能

以掺氮空心碳球（N-HCS）为骨架,通过化学氧化聚合法制备了聚苯胺纳米刺/掺氮空心碳球复合材料（PANI/N-HCS）,采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和红外光谱仪等对样品的形貌、结构等进行了表征. 采用循环伏安、计时电位和交流阻抗等方法在1 mol/L H₂SO₄水溶液中考察了材料的电化学性能. 结果表明,PANI/N-HCS具有良好的电化学性能,在0.5 A/g电流密度下,PANI/N-HCS的比电容达346 F/g;当电流密度为20 A/g时,PANI/N-HCS比电容值为228 F/g,电容保持率为66%;在5 A/g电流密度下,经1000次充放电循环后,电容保持率为76%.     

All-Ti3C2TxMXene Based Flexible On-chip Microsupercapacitor Array

Flexible on-chip microsupercapacitors(MSCs) are highly desired for integrated wearable or portable electronics due to their advantages of small size, high power density, easy integration, long lifespan, high security, and flexibility. The output voltage of MSCs can be improved by designing MSC arrays, which could further expand their application fields. In this work, we proposed a facile laser direct cutting method to prepare an on-chip flexible MSC array using Ti₃C₂T_xMXene as both current collector and electrode materials. The designed MSC in PVA/H₂SO₄ all-solid-state gel electrolyte exhibits a large volume/areal capacitance of 770.72 F/cm³(46.24 mF/cm²) at a scan rate of 20 mV/s, a high energy density of 68.51 mW·h/cm³ at a power density of 6.16 W/cm³, excellent cycling stability with capacitance retention of 98.50% after 10000 charge/discharge cycles. The MSC also shows superior flexibility and stability even after repetition of charge/discharge cycles under the convex and concave bending states. In addition, the assembled MSC array(4 in series) provides a high voltage of 3.2 V, which could easily power a purple light-emitting diode more than 10 min, demonstrating its potential application in integrated portable/wearable devices.