离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定保健品中无机锗和锗-132

建立了离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法( IC-ICP-MS)测定液体保健品中无机锗和β-羧乙基锗倍半氧化物(锗-132)的方法,对液体或可溶于水的样品可以直接或稀释后进样.硒元素可能会带来干扰,可以选择72Ge作为定量同位素来避免.方法中无机锗和锗-132的定量限均为1.0μg/L,RSD均小于4.4％.对实际样品进行加标,无机锗回收率为91％～92％,锗-132回收率为104％～107％.样品的测定结果和湿法消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱检测出的结果相吻合.     

微波消解ICP-MS法测定广西北部湾海鸭蛋中硒和锗的含量

以硝酸-过氧化氢（体积比为5：3）混合溶液为消解剂,微波消解法处理海鸭蛋样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定样品溶液中的硒和锗的含量。选择适合的同位素元素,运用碰撞室技术（CCT）降低多原子离子对元素硒、锗的干扰,用钇作为在线内标。硒、锗工作曲线的线性范围均为0．0-100．0ng／mL,相关系数r=0．9996;硒、锗的检出限分别为1．1,0．15ng／mL,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为4．78％,5．70％（n=6）,加标回收率为92．2％-104．0％。用该法测定国家标准物质黄鱼（GBW08573）中硒的含量,测定值在标称值范围内。     

微量锗和硒、碲的萃取分离和连续测定

我们在锗的萃取条件下,进行了锗与硒、碲、金的萃取定量分离实验。并用高锰酸钾溶液把亚硒酸氧化为硒酸,使亚硫酸还原氧化性物质时,硒不被还原为红色溶胶。从而实现了锗与硒、碲的萃取分离和连续测定。用本法测定了一些矿物岩石中的锗、硒、碲,结果良好。分析手续:取0.5克矿样于铂坩埚中,用水润湿,加1:1硫酸5毫升,缓缓加入硝酸10毫升,(加盖以防损失),反应缓慢后,加氢氟酸5毫升,蒸至刚冒白烟,冷却,加热水20毫升,温热提取,过滤并用水洗坩埚及残渣2—3次。洗液与滤液合并于烧杯中,加1％高锰酸钾2滴,     

灵芝、枸杞等样品中微量锗的胶束增溶分光光度法测定

研究用离子缔合物胶束增溶分光光度法测定灵芝、枸杞、蘑菇、茶叶和大蒜中锗的含量,采用标准加入法考查了不同的消解方法对样品中锗的溶解情况,用高压罐密闭消解处理样品,锗的测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=4)小于4.3%,回收率为90%～105%.     

微波样品消解-氢化物发生-双通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定家禽内脏中硒和锗

应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定家禽内脏中的硒和锗含量。采用微波消解法用硝酸和过氧化氢对样品进行消解,以硫脲作为预还原剂,以溶于5g·L-1氢氧化钾溶液中的20g·L-1硼氢化钾溶液作为还原剂。硒、锗的质量浓度均在500μg·L-1范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)分别为0.001 08μg·L-1和0.017 1μg·L-1。硒、锗的加标回收率分别在98.9%~102%,97.4%~102%之间。     

流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定蒙药中硒

研究测定蒙药中硒的新方法。蒙药消化液用盐酸还原处理将六价硒转化为四价硒 ,以硼氢化钾为还原剂 ,稀盐酸为载液 ,用流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定硒。方法的检出限为 0 .12ng·ml- 1,线性范围为 0 .6 0～ 35 .0 0ng·ml- 1,相对标准偏差为 4 .7%～ 6 .4 % ,样品加标回收率为 96 .6 %～ 10 2 .1% ,此法具有灵敏度高、选择性好、试剂及样品用量少、操作简便、快速等优点     

硫氰酸铵比浊法测定微量硒

在2.4 mol/L HCl介质中, Se(Ⅳ)与过量的硫氰酸铵反应析出单质硒, 并形成稳定的悬浊液, 据此建立了比浊法测定硒的新方法. 实验了酸度、还原剂用量、温度和时间的影响, 确定了最佳测定条件. 选择测定波长为320 nm, 线性范围为0～0.25 μg/mL, 检出限为0.0294 μg/mL. 方法用于测定硒强化营养盐和健康平衡盐中硒含量, 结果与荧光法一致, 相对标准偏差小于1.6% (n=5), 平均回收率为100.0%～101.4%.     

氢化物-氧屏蔽空气乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定锗分析条件的研究

在原子吸收分析中,由于利用氢化物生成反应,大大提高了砷、锑、铋、碲、锡、铅、锗以及硒八个元素的测定灵敏度,国外使用氩氢焰和一氧化二氮-乙炔焰,进行锗的氢化物原子吸收法测定。在此基础上,我们采用磷酸钠为增感剂,结合氧屏蔽原子化方式对锗作了测定。实验部分 1.仪器:WFX-1A型原子吸收分光光度计;AHG-1型半自动氢化物装置。 2.试剂;锗(Ⅳ)标准溶液,10微克/毫升。硼氢化钾溶液5％(含氢氧化钾1.5％),用玻璃过滤漏斗抽滤。磷酸钠20％水溶液。     

氯化物发生-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定含锗保健品中无机锗

基于电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法研究了无机锗和有机锗在HCl介质中的氯化物发生情况.结果表明,有机锗(Ge-132)不形成氯化物,而无机锗在以浓 HCl为载流,载气压力0.14 MPa,样品溶液中HCl浓度为6 mol/L时能实现最佳的氯化物发生效率,由此建立了含锗保健品提取液中无机锗的选择性测定新方法...     

催化褪色光度法测定海洋生物中痕量硒

在pH =3的HCl KHC8H4O4缓冲介质中 ,硒 能催化溴酸钾氧化甲基紫的褪色反应 ,据此建立了催化动力学光度测定痕量硒的新方法。优化了动力学反应条件 ,并对海洋生物样品测定的前处理过程进行了研究。该方法对硒的检出限为 0 .14μg L ,线性范围为 0～ 8μg L ,精密度和准确度良好 ,对牡蛎等海洋生物样品中总硒含量测定的RSD <10 %,回收率为 96 %～ 10 7%,与DAN荧光光度法测定结果的相对偏差 <± 6 %。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.