初中化学“水的净化”的项目式教学——以“设计净水系统”为例

以“设计净水系统”为项目主题,介绍了项目教学主题选取、项目目标确定、项目规划、实施与评价策略。项目教学中,关注学生认知与思维发展,随着净水系统的设计、制作、测试和再设计项目学习活动的展开,引导学生综合运用化学、物理、数学等多学科知识方法分析解决问题,促进学生提炼真实情境下“物质分离与提纯”解决思路,发展化学学科核心素养,同时体验和感受完整的工程设计过程。     

生活境脉促体验 实验创新助探究—指向核心素养发展的“铁及其化合物的应用”教学实践

有机融合学生生活中的经验与体验和化学学习中的认知与思维,可优化课堂进程,提高学习效率,让化学知识建构的过程同时成为化学学科核心素养发展提升的过程。在“铁及其化合物的应用”的教学中,以“笔·墨”为情境生成真实问题,在互动、探究、体验中整合物质性质,建构思维模型,并应用模型解决问题,发展科学探究、证据推理、模型认知等化学学科核心素养。     

基于结构化认识和解决物质转化问题的思维模型建构*——以“氢氧化钠变质的实验探究”为例

以探究氢氧化钠变质为依托点,融合酸、碱、盐相关知识,在复习知识的同时,将结构化认识和解决物质转化问题的思维方法贯穿于课堂实验探究始终,帮助学生从“概念理解-模型建构-学习活动-真实问题-模型评价”5个维度,体验模型认知的具体过程。利用实验探究的手段解决学生的认知冲突,修正和完善模型,实现结构化认识和解决物质转化问题的思维模型建构,提升化学学科核心素养。     

学科能力导向的“物质构成的奥秘”教学研究

以王磊提出的化学学科能力框架为理论依据,对“物质构成的奥秘”主题进行分析,从核心知识经验、认识角度思路、认识对象及问题、能力活动要素等4个维度构建了“物质构成的奥秘”主题的学科能力模型。运用实验法进行教学实践,证实了本研究设计的教学方式更有利于学生学科能力的发展提升。最后提出学科能力导向的“物质构成的奥秘”教学设计模式和教学实施的有效策略:(1)单元整体系统化设计,有层次有梯度的发展学生学科能力;(2)侧重应用实践型任务的解决,外显知识的输出性功能和价值;(3)重视核心知识和认识角度的建立过程;(4)追问、外显学生的认识角度和认识思路。     

化学学科观念建构是单元教学的核心——“物质的分类”单元教学的思考

物质的分类是高一学生学习化学的一个重要内容,其中贯穿着分类方法。如何根据这部分知识内容的特点和学生的学习实际,引导学生从化学的视角对物质进行分类,促进学生化学学科基本观念如元素观、分类观、转化观等的初步形成,这无疑是极为重要的。本文从“物质的分类”单元教学的角度出发,分析了本单元内容的教学价值,从化学学科本质的角度阐述了对“物质分类”的理解,在此基础上提出了基于学科观念建构的单元教学策略。     

聚焦学科核心素养提升的初中化学教学探索—以“酸的化学性质”为例

以酸的化学性质为载体,对知识进行上位和深层整合,将核心知识、学习活动与评价紧密结合,借助完整的科学探究,应用“宏观、微观、符号表征相结合”的学科思维方式,增进“组成构成决定性质、性质决定用途”学科思想的理解,培养高级思维和创新能力。自主建构“元素组成和微粒种类统领角度下的基于类别认识物质化学性质”的整体思维模型,实现物质化学性质认识的角度进阶。聚焦涵盖学科知识,积淀学科核心素养,落实学科育人的初中化学教学,实现初高中衔接。     

基于认识视角与认识思路的化学课堂教学*——物质的分类及转化

以解决“保存NaOH溶液的试剂瓶为什么不用玻璃塞”这一真实问题为情境,设计3个教学板块:运用分类方法认识物质、对物质进行分类、合成物质,从物质组成和物质变化的认识视角,对物质进行分类,建构分类观。依据物质分类研究同一类别物质的性质及应用,在完成知识结构化的同时,重在凝练基于物质分类及转化的认识视角和认识思路,寻找并体验陌生情境下解决复杂化学问题的突破口和思维框架,发展学生的化学学科核心素养。     

中澳化学教材中习题的比较研究*——以“金属”为例

以“金属”一章为例,对人教版高中化学教材和澳洲VCE课程的高中化学教材中习题进行比较研究,发现澳洲化学教材中的习题对学生的认知水平要求更高,能帮助学生进一步改变学习方式,更好地促进学生形成学科观念,加强学科思维训练,注意学科方法应用。     

“素养为本”的化学课堂教学*——以“原子晶体”为例

基于“素养为本”视角,以“原子晶体”的教学为例,对教学主题内容、教学现状及学情进行分析;以发展学生化学学科核心素养为主旨确定教学目标;以“微粒-微粒间的相互作用-物质的聚集状态-物质性质”的认识思路为主线,以“模型认知,建构概念-证据推理,归纳性质-微观探析,探究结构-科学史实,揭示价值”的任务型教学流程,达到落实并发展学生化学学科核心素养的目的。     

百年诺贝尔化学奖研究成果嬗变对我国化学教学的启示

以本体论、认识论、方法论作为划分依据,将诺贝尔化学奖的研究成果划分为理论建构、物质研究、反应机理、发现与合成新物质、创造新方法5个部分。统计、分析百年诺贝尔化学奖研究成果的嬗变,得出对我国化学教学的有益启示：注重在理论学习的过程中培养学生的批判意识与创新精神;在知识学习的过程中突出化学的学科价值与社会价值;注重化学学科与相关学科的交叉整合。     

记忆远去,"锶"仍在

We adopt the form of telling a story to introduce property and application of Strontium. Our purpose is to give our readers comprehensive perspective of Strontium while enjoying the very fun of reading our story.     

＂多模块立体式＂实践教学体系的探索与改革

“多模块立体式”实践教学体系的改革关系到人才培养的质量,对我国建设创新型国家起到重要的作用。本文从“多模块立体式”实践教学体系的背景出发,分析了地方高等学校实践教学体系的现状,探讨了“多模块立体式”实践教学体系的构建及实施。指出了地方高校部分传统实验教学体系已经不能适应创新型实践人才培养的需要,应该更新观念,改革实验教学体系和实验教学内容,创建开放型的实验中心,大力推动设计性、研究性实验的建设。     

以项目驱动的化妆品与香料课程改革

The construction of application-based courses is one of the keys to the development of application-oriented universities. In this paper, the construction of the project-driven "Cosmetics and Spices" course was introduced. Its construction content from the four modules of theory, experiment, open experiment, enterprise project-oriented curriculum design and maker education was explored, and corresponding implementation plans of application-based courses were proposed.     

毛细管电色谱教学中的“科研反哺”*

在毛细管电色谱(capillary electrochromatography, CEC)章节的教学中,结合CEC的最新进展和科研工作案例,通过运用举实例讲应用、列表对比、组织学生开展实验等多元教学模式,更深入、细致地剖析不同类型CEC的原理、特点和应用。用“科研反哺教学”,提高学生学习兴趣,加深其对知识的理解和掌握,培养学生解决实际问题的能力。     

以学为中心的高分子化学线上教学实践

In response to the COVID-19 epidemic prevention, the "polymer chemistry" course teaching team actively explored the "learning-centered" online teaching model. The students were guided to active learning by using the rich contents of Chaoxin online teaching platform and multiple online teaching activities. The basic knowledge points, difficulties and emphases of the teaching were highlighted and the real-time communication and Q&A were achieved in combination with the Tencent course live broadcast and QQ learning group. Following the concept of "students as the main body and teachers as the leading", the online teaching of "polymer chemistry" has effectively aroused the students' interest in learning, cultivated the initiative of autonomous learning, organically integrated the ideological and political education, and achieved a good learning outcome.     

有机化学“课程思政”元素的设计

In the teaching process of organic chemistry, ideological and political education is often ignored because of the importance of knowledge. In this paper, "Ideological and political" elements were dug deep and designed. The life of scientists can cultivate students' innovative spirit and scientific spirit and help them establish a correct outlook on life and values. The representative achievements of Chinese scientists are important materials for deepening the passion of the country. The humanism of scientific and technological help to inspire students' scientific interests. The knowledge system of the course cultivates students' scientific thinking and establishes a strict scientific attitude. Both aims of "teaching" and "education" could be realized in higher education through integration of the ideological and political education with the content.     

“化学与社会”课程体系建设

主要介绍通识课"化学与社会"的课程体系建设,其特点在于突出课程的"通识"性。课程通过帮助学生消除对化学的误解和向学生介绍社会中的化学常识,来加强对学生科学思辨能力的培养。     

"Decoking" of a "coked" zeolite catalyst in a glow discharge

'Decoking' of a 'coked' zeolite catalyst in a glow discharge in oxygen is investigated. The 'decoking' process involves reactions of atomic oxygen (O atoms) with 'coke' and yields gases such as CO, CO₂ as well as other gaseous products that could be easily pumped out.Three different modes of discharge were investigated including a static mode, a flowing-gas mode, and a periodic-purge mode where the oxygen and other gaseous products of the discharge were replaced by fresh O₂ gas after short but regular intervals of time. In some cases, additional heating was also used to provide base temperatures of the order of 100 °C to facilitate penetration of oxygen atoms into the inner layers and cages of the zeolite catalyst.This paper presents some results of spectroscopic analytical techniques used to monitor the atomization of oxygen, oxidation of 'coke', and to confirm the process of 'decoking'. More specifically, radiation emission on the 3 s ⁵S– 3p ⁵P transitions of O around 777.2–777.5 nm were selected for monitoring the atomization of O₂. On the other hand, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the amount of residual carbon and extent of 'decoking'. Furthermore, evolution of CO and CO₂ gases as a function of time was systematically monitored in real time. For CO, the 451.1 nm band head belonging to the B¹ - A¹ bands of the Angstrom system of the CO spectrum was used, while for CO₂, the band head at 353.4 nm belonging to the CO₂⁺ spectrum was used. The rates of evolution of CO and CO₂ were related to the rate of 'decoking' of the catalyst. It is noted that in the periodic-purge mode, about 63% of the total yield of CO from a given sample of the catalyst appears in the first 3-min exposure to discharge whereas it takes up to 15 min to remove nearly 94% of the removable carbon under our experimental conditions.     

Workshop on "Quality Management in Analytical Chemical Research and Development"

 Maintaining a high quality of research and development (R&D) is fundamental for the competitiveness of European industry. The development of new technologies and the improvement of existing technologies, products, production processes, measurement instrumentation and methods as well as basic research is essential. The objective of the workshop on "Quality Management in Analytical Chemical Research and Development" was to bring together experts from the academic world, industrial and institutional laboratories and also accreditation bodies to discuss the actual state of the art in the field of quality management in R&D, and to set up milestones for further activities. Furthermore, an important objective was to present the EURACHEM/CITAC Guide 2. The paper outlines the programme of the workshop and summarises the round-table discussions and expert recommendations. Most of the contributions to the round-table discussions will be published as full papers in a forthcoming issue of Accreditation and Quality Assurance. The workshop was organised by the Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik (ICB), Münster, with the financial support of the SMT-Programme of the European Commission (Contract No.: SMT4-CT98-6534).     

“新闻解读式”教学模式在化学与社会课程中的应用

介绍了"新闻解读式"教学模式,它是以真实事件或故事为引子,找出其中的化学知识点,在教师讲解和引申的基础上,引导学生查阅资料并组织课堂讨论,由点到面地阐述化学与社会间关系的一种教学模式。