脉冲电晕等离子体作用下甲烷偶联反应--Ⅰ.无氧气氛下

在常温常压下,对脉冲电晕等离子体应用于甲烷无氧气氛下脱氢偶联反应进行了研究．考察了脉冲电压极性和等离子体注入能量对甲烷脱氢偶联反应的影响,并引入能量效率对等离子体能量与甲烷脱氢偶联反应的耦合进行了讨论．结果表明,正电晕的能量效率高于负电晕．在正电晕条件下,当脉冲重复频率为 ６６ Ｈｚ和能量密度为 １７８８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ时,甲烷转化率可达４４．６％, Ｃ_２烃单程收率可达３１．６％,其中乙炔单程收率达３０．１％．甲烷转化率与能量密度Ｐ／Ｆ的关系满足－ｌｎ（１—Ｘ）＝ｋ（Ｐ／Ｆ）．在实验考察的能量范围内,Ｃ_2烃收率与能量密度Ｐ／Ｆ呈顺变关系,但能量效率随能量密度的增加而降低．     

Cu／SiO2催化剂上丙烯在空气中的直接环氧化反应

 制备了一系列用NaCl修饰的Cu／SiO2催化剂，考察了它们对丙烯在空气中直接环氧化反应的催化性能，并利用TPR表征手段对催化剂的活性中心进行了初步探讨．在最佳反应条件下，丙烯转化率为0．16％，环氧丙烷选择性达到44％．在反应气中加入氢后，环氧丙烷的选择性显著提高，并且催化剂稳定性大大增强．反应结果表明，还原态的低价铜可能是催化剂的活性中心，NaCl与铜离子结合而生成新物种可能在催化反应过程中起到关键作用．     

电晕放电二氧化碳冷等离子体转化特性研究

在常压、室温条件下利用电晕放电使二氧化碳通过冷等离子体反应分解为一氧化碳和氧气,由四极质谱在线定量在分析产物组成。考察反应条件（电晕类型、能量密度、气体流量等）对反应转化率的影响,分析了该反应的能量效率。当放电功率为40W、CO2流量为30mL.min^-1时,正电晕等离子体CO2分解反应的转化率为15．2％;CO2,专座经率随体系能量密度的增加上升,随反应时间的增加而增大,当CO2流量为90mL.min^-1、正电晕放电功率为37．6W时,反应体系的能量效率为5．89％。实验发现,正电晕放电时CO2的转化率高负电晕的转化率。     

滑动弧电极放电等离子体作用甲烷制C2烃的工艺

采用刀片式不锈钢电极放电反应器,以Ar气为稀释气,研究了等离子体作用下甲烷转化制C2烃的工艺条件。考察了CH4流量、高频电源输入电压和电极间距等参数对甲烷转化率、C2烃选择性、收率和反应表观能耗的影响。结果表明,增加CH4流量,表观能耗随之降低;当输入电压和电极间距较小时,甲烷转化率随输入电压和电极间距的增大而增大,但输入电压和电极间距过大时,C2烃收率明显下降,积碳严重。在CH4流量14 mL/min、Ar气流量60 mL/min、高频电源输入电压22 V、电流0.44 A、电极间距4 mm的优化条件下,甲烷最高转化率为43.1%,C2烃收率、选择性和表观能耗分别为40.1%、93.2%和2.41 MJ/mol。C2烃中不饱和烃的体积分数可达95%以上。     

非平衡等离子体下乙烷脱氢反应的研究

在低温常压下,对脉冲电晕等离子体应用于乙烷脱氢反应进行了研究。考察了等离子体注入功率和添加气对反应的影响,并探讨了等离子体条件下乙烷脱氢反应的机理。研究结果表明：乙烷在脉冲电晕等离子体中可发生转化反应,主要产物是乙炔。乙烷转化率和乙炔收率随等离子提功率增加不断提高。添加气二氧化碳的加入提高了乙烷转化率,当体系中CO2浓度为50％时乙炔收率达到峰值。向反应体系中添加氢不仅促进了乙烷的转化,提高了乙炔选择性,且抑制了积碳的形成。     

滑动弧放电等离子体分解甲醇制氢

对常温常压下滑动弧放电等离子体直接分解甲醇进行了研究,探讨了载气流量、甲醇浓度、电极间距、输入电压和气化室温度等实验参数的影响。结果表明,不同操作条件导致甲醇转化率由51%升高到81.7%,氢气和一氧化碳的选择性之比基本保持一个固定值。除了氢气和一氧化碳,产物中还检测到了少量的甲烷和C₂不饱和烃以及痕量二氧化碳。不同于传统的甲醇热分解机理,提出了滑动弧放电等离子体甲醇分解的制氢路径。     

脉冲电晕放电-催化转化CO2为CO

在常温、常压下，较系统地研究了CO2在脉冲电晕等离子体条件下的活化与转化，考察了反应器参数、脉冲成形电容、应用电压、气体流量、电晕极性对二氧化碳转化的影响。在本实验条件下，最佳反应器的有效长度为125mm,内径为22mm。二氧化碳转化率和一氧化碳产率随应用电压的增加而增加。另外，随着应用电压的增加，脉冲反应器的能量利用效率反而降低。随着气体流量的增大，二氧化碳的转化率及一氧化碳的产率下降。γ-Al2O3的存在大大促进了二氧化碳的转化，CO2的最高转化率达23％。由于γ-Al2O3在物化性质方面的特性，γ－Al2O3的存在对二氧化碳的转化有重要的作用。研究表明：脉冲电晕放电－催化转化CO2为CO是可行的。     

TS分子筛的催化氧化性能研究 Ⅱ.丙烯的环氧化

研究了ＴＳ分子筛用于过氧化氢氧化丙烯制环氧丙烷的催化过程，考察了ＴＳ分子筛的组成、预处理条件、分子筛中氧化钛的存在对催化环氧化反应的影响．研究表明，ＴＳ－１的活性优于ＴＳ－２，分子筛中ＴｉＯ２的存在会加快过氧化氢的分解，降低产物环氧丙烷的收率．对操作工艺条件的研究表明，反应液以中性为好，偏酸或偏碱都会使产物水解产生丙二醇，降低产物的选择性．在２８℃、０．４ＭＰａ的条件下反应１ｈ，过氧化氢的转化率和环氧丙烷的选择性可分别达到＞７０％和＞９５％．     

大气压旋转螺旋状电极辉光放电等离子体催化甲烷偶联

采用新研制的具有旋转螺旋状电极的大气压辉光放电等离子体反应器催化甲烷偶联制碳二烃. 实验采用铜电极和不锈钢电极分别考察了输入电场峰值电压和甲烷、氢气进料流量等参数对甲烷转化率和碳二烃收率、选择性的影响. 在长时间连续反应无明显积碳的情况下, 最佳试验结果是电极材料为金属铜, 进料流量为60 mL•min^-1, V(CH₄ )/V(H₂)=1的条件下, 输入电场峰值电压为2.3 kV时, 甲烷转化率为70.64%, 碳二烃单程收率及其选择性分别为69.85%和 99.14%.     

丙烯直接环氧化Cu基催化剂的研究进展与挑战

作为一种重要的化工原料,环氧丙烷年产量近千万吨,然而目前工业上制备环氧丙烷的方法仍然面临着成本高、副产物多以及污染严重等问题。直接氧气氧化法进行丙烯环氧化因为具有原子经济、环保等优点受到了越来越多的关注。但是,催化过程中丙烯的α-H和环氧丙烷都具有很高的活性,使得在高转化率的条件下提升环氧丙烷选择性成为一个巨大的挑战。研究者们发现相较于其他币族金属,Cu基催化剂表现出更优异的丙烯直接环氧化反应性能。本综述总结梳理了近年来关于Cu基催化剂催化丙烯直接环氧化反应的研究成果,聚焦于Cu基催化剂改性方法,并对Cu基催化剂依然存在的问题和挑战进行深入探讨。     

Gas Phase Epoxidation of Propylene with O2 Induced by Alternating Electric Field

In non‐catalytic direct conversion of propylene with oxygen to propylene oxide by using dielectric barrier discharge under conditions of room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the selectivity to propylene oxide from propylene was >30% at propylene conversion ranging from 3.91% to 81.72%.     

等离子体-催化剂耦合作用下CO2的甲烷化研究

常温常压下,利用脉冲电晕等离子体与Ni/γ-AI2O3催化剂协同作用CO2加氢转化生成甲烷,考察了催化剂担载量、放电参数、工艺参数等对反应的影响,并探讨了其反应机理。结果表明,在等离子体与催化剂协同作用下,CO2加氢生成CH4,CO2转化率在催化剂一定担载量范围内随担载量的增加而增加;脉冲电压峰值、重复频率、进气方式、空速等反应有重要影响;相同条件下,等离子体－催化法优于化学催化法。     

The Characteristics of Direct Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol with Molecular Oxygen Enhanced by Pulse DC Corona at Atmospheric Pressure

The direct hydroxylation of benzene using molecular oxygen by atmospheric pulse DC corona discharge was investigated. The conversion of benzene increased with the increase of oxygen content and input voltage but the selectivity of phenol decreased due to the formation of polymerized products. The reactivity was also influenced by the kind and content of background inert gas. By using argon as background gas, we could get 2.2% of phenol yield at 60°C and 1 atm with energy consumption of 50 W. The strategy of reductive oxidation, which added hydrogen to the reactant, was not favorable to the phenol formation in this reaction system. The polymerized product showed the oligomeric character and the analysis of its chemical structure with FT–IR was presented.     

Conversion of natural gas to C2 hydrocarbons via cold plasma technology

The plasma technology served as a tool in unconventional catalysis has been used in natural gas conversion, because the traditional catalytic methane oxidative coupling reaction must be performed at high temperature on account of the stability of methane molecule. The focus of this research is to develop a process of converting methane to C2 hydrocarbons with non-equilibrium plasma technology at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It was found that methane conversion increased and the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons decreased with the voltage. The optimum input voltage range was 40-80 V corresponding to high yield of C2 hydrocarbons. Methane conversion decreased and the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons increased with the inlet flow rate of methane. The proper methane flow rate was 20-40 ml/min (corresponding residence time 10-20 s). The experimental results show that methane conversion was 47% and the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons was 40% under the proper condition using atmospheric DBD cold plasma technology. It was found that the breakdown voltage of methane VB was determined by the type of electrode and the discharge gap width in this glow discharge reactor. The breakdown voltage of methane VB,min derived from the Paschen law equation was established.     

Conversion of natural gas to C_2 hydrocarbons via cold plasma technology

The plasma technology served as a tool in unconventional catalysis has been used in natural gas conversion,because the traditional catalytic methane oxidative coupling reaction must be performed at high temperature on account of the stability of methane molecule.The focus of this research is to develop a process of converting methane to C2 hydrocarbons with non-equilibrium plasma technology at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.It was found that methane conversion increased and the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons decreased with the voltage.The optimum input voltage range was 40-80 V corresponding to high yield of C2 hydrocarbons.Methane conversion decreased and the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons increased with the inlet flow rate of methane.The proper methane flow rate was 20-40 ml/min (corresponding residence time 10-20 s).The experimental results show that methane conversion was 47% and the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons was 40% under the proper condition using atmospheric DBD cold plasma technology.It was found that the breakdown voltage of methane VB was determined by the type of electrode and the discharge gap width in this glow discharge reactor.The breakdown voltage of methane VB,min derived from the Paschen law equation was established.     

(SO_2,N_2)气体中脉冲放电SO发射光谱测量实验研究

采用ＳＯ２、Ｎ２混合气体和纳秒级脉冲电源在常温、常压下测量了ＳＯ２产生的碎片ＳＯ（Ａ→Ｘ）发射光谱,从微观上研究了ＳＯ２的去除过程,为脉冲电晕放电烟气脱硫的深入研究提供了实验依据．     

Direct Non-oxidative Methane Conversion by Non-thermal Plasma: Experimental Study

The direct non-oxidative conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons in non-thermal plasma, namely dielectric barrier discharge and corona discharge, has been investigated experimentally at atmospheric pressure. In dielectric barrier discharge, the methane is mainly converted to ethane and propane with small amounts of unsaturated and higher hydrocarbons. While in corona discharge, methane was activated mainly to acetylene with small amount of other higher hydrocarbons. Decreasing the gas flow or increasing power input will improve the methane conversion and product yields. It is found that the methane conversion and main product yield against the input specific energy were special functions in both dielectric barrier discharge and corona discharge, independent of the reactor size, and whether fixing flow rate or power input and changing the power input or flow rate. The corona discharge is a promising alternative method for methane conversion to produce acetylene and hydrogen at low temperature.     

Oxidation of Propylene with Oxygen and Air in a Barrier Discharge in the Presence of Octane

Oxidation of propylene with oxygen, air and a mixture of nitrogen–oxygen in a barrier discharge is investigated. The selectivity towards formation of propylene oxide in pure oxygen is shown to be as high as 45 wt% and the propylene conversion ratio is found to be 12.9 wt%. In the oxidation with air, the propylene oxide selectivity is 23 wt%, while the conversion is 7.5 wt%. The values of propylene conversion and selectivity towards formation of propylene oxide in a barrier discharge are consistent with those obtained by the thermocatalytic methods for production of propylene oxide.     

甲烷氧等离子体直接合成过氧化氢

本文利用介质阻挡放电(DBD)方法, 在室温和常压下将甲烷和氧气的混合气体进行等离子体活化, 通过甲烷和氧等离子体直接气相反应高收率合成H2O2. 该方法能有效克服氢氧直接法合成H2O2受到原料气配比严格限制的缺点.