“常法”制备无离子水的一些经验

用了吳铁民同志的“应用离子交換树脂制无离子水的几点体会”一文,颇有所感,此文介绍了用“单层法”制备无离子水的一些经验。本文谈谈用“常法”制备无离子水的几个方面的一些体会。 (一)原料水作为制备无离子水的原料必须不含腐植质即一些高分子有机质(有些高分子有机质甚至会沾污树脂,及细菌和一些非离子性杂质,因为这些杂质都     

含稀土铽（Ⅲ）配合物透明树脂的制备及性能研究

含稀土元素的有机高分子 具有稀土离子独特的光、电、磁特性,又具有有机高分子材料优良的性能,是极具潜在应用价值的功能材料,早在1963年,Wolff和Pressley首次研究以高分子为基质的稀土荧光材料,引起了人们的广泛兴趣,80年代以来,高分子链上直接键合稀土配合物的研究也引起了化学家的注意。Okamoto和李文连等在较高稀土浓度下仍可以制成透明柔韧的薄膜。而由于稀土无机物与树脂的相容性差,难以均匀地分散到树脂中,所以获得发光功能高分子体相材料十分困难,本文首次报道将几种稀土铽（Ⅲ）配合物复合于苯乙烯（St）／甲基丙烯酸（HMA）的共聚体系之中,制备了具有发光功能的透明树脂,对其相关性能进行了研究,考察了稀土元素含量、组分配比等因素对聚合物透明性和发光性能的影响,结果表明：高分子网络给稀土配合物提供了稳定的化学环境,有利于展现其优良的发光性能,同时,稀土配合物赋予了光学树脂新的功能性。     

带溴端基的聚氧化乙烯与聚乙烯亚胺的交联反应及阳离子型高吸水树脂

聚氧化乙烯(PEO)和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)都是广泛应用的水溶性高分子.将PEO二端的羟基转化成活泼的溴端基,再与PEI交联,可以形成亲水性网络.使这种网络转化成季铵盐,便制得了一种新颖的阳离子型高吸水树脂.这种高吸水树脂文献中迄今未见报道.由于网络中存在的是N~+,它不会与水中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)及其它重金属离子结合而丧失吸水能力.     

离子液体萃淋树脂及其在稀土分离和纯化中的应用

总结了作者及其团队近10年来在离子液体萃淋树脂的制备方法及其在稀土分离中的应用研究进展。离子液体萃淋树脂是一种新型的高效固体分离材料,其制备方法有物理负载法、化学负载法、溶解凝胶法和膜负载法等,所用载体一般为高比表面多孔的高分子树脂、SiO_2等。离子液体萃淋树脂具有离子液体的可设计性,可根据不同的结构需求设计合成出不同性能的离子液体萃淋树脂,同时可以减少萃取剂的流失,适用于高效和高选择性的分离和纯化稀土离子,是溶剂萃取法萃取分离稀土的有效补充和完善。     

大孔聚丙烯醛-呋喃-2-硫代酰腙螯合树脂的合成及其性能的初步研究

合成了一新型高分子骨架，大孔内烯醛－苯乙烯－二乙烯苯三元共聚物树脂骨架，通过其含有的活泼醛基与呋喃－2－硫代酰肼螯合剂进行高分子反应，制备了一种含氮、硫配位原子的螯合树脂，聚丙烯醛－呋喃－2－硫代酰腙。对其与贵金属离子的吸附性能进行了初步研究，结果表明，该树脂对金、钯及铂具有选择性吸附作用，吸附容量分别为1.20mmol/g干树脂，0.37mmol/g干树脂及0.28mmol/g干树脂。     

耐盐性聚丙烯酸盐类高吸水树脂的制备

耐盐性聚丙烯酸盐类高吸水树脂的制备宋彦凤，崔占臣，陈欣芳（吉林大学材料科学系长春１３００２３）关键词丙烯酸钠，丙烯酰胺，丙烯酸羟乙酯，共聚物，吸水树脂，耐酸性高吸水树脂是一种应用比较广的功能性高分子材料［１～５］．它的吸水率可高达几百倍乃至几千倍。但...     

聚氯乙烯负载席夫碱树脂的合成及其对金属离子的吸附

聚氯乙烯负载席夫碱树脂的合成及其对金属离子的吸附刘理中，俞善信，肖立新（湖南师范大学化学系长沙４１００８１）（中南工业大学冶金化学研究所长沙）关键词聚氯乙烯，负载树脂．席夫碱，金属离子，吸附高分子负载席夫碱可用于离子吸附和催化等领域，汪信［１，２］等...     

改性高分子除氟吸附材料的研究进展

饮用水中氟离子超标对人体造成严重危害。吸附法是目前氟污染水体处理方法中较经济理想的分离技术,开发经济、高效、易再生的新型吸附材料是目前水体除氟重点研究的方向。其中,高分子吸附材料是最受研究者关注的除氟吸附剂种类之一。结合近年来的研究工作,本文综述了导电高分子类、生物高分子类以及树脂类高分子吸附剂的合成和改性方法,及不同改性高分子对水中氟离子的吸附性能和除氟机理,并对今后高分子类除氟吸附材料的发展提出展望。     

功能高分子膜离子选择电极研究

功能高分子是新近开发的离子选择电极活性材料。本文叙述了功能高分子膜离子选择电极的发展和现状,叙述了交流阻抗等方法在离子选择电极研究中的应用,从下面几个方面研究了功能高分子膜离子选择电极: 1.用热压方法研制了功能高分子为活性物的PVC膜氯离子选择电极,探索了膜制备方法,测试了电极性能。     

聚氨酯树脂及其应用

聚氨酯树脂作为一种具有高强度、抗撕裂、耐磨等特性的高分子材料，在日常生活、工农业生产、医学等领域广泛应用。本文简述了聚氨酯树脂的历史，综述了其应用，介绍了几种新型聚氨酯树脂及废旧聚氨酯的回收方法。     

高吸水性树脂

高吸水性树脂,可以吸收其本身重量的几百倍水。将水溶性高分子如羧甲基纤维素、聚丙烯酸钠盐或聚乙烯醇进行轻微的交联可以得到。由于其高吸水性、在压力下的高保水性和高增稠性,被广泛应用于纸尿布、生理巾、土壤保水剂、工业脱水剂、增稠剂等。     

高吸水性树脂溶胀热力学及吸水机理

分析了高吸水性树脂吸水的热力学本质，探讨了Flory公式的意义，通过简化的Flory公式得到吸水率与外部溶液离子强度的简单关系。同时，对高吸水性树脂在与水的相互作用以及溶胀过程进行了探讨，并以此为基础解释了一些吸水、保水现象。     

超高吸水性聚丙烯酸钠的制备

以聚-γ-巯丙基硅氧烷作为引发剂,将丙烯酸和少量交联剂对二乙烯基苯,在四氯化碳和氢氧化钠水溶液中进行共聚,可得到吸水量400倍以上的超高吸水性聚丙烯酸钠。如果同时加入二氧六环,没有交联剂对二乙烯基苯,也可以得到吸水量将近400倍的超高吸水性聚丙烯酸钠。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中BPA、NP和OP含量

采用国产新型D4020大孔吸附树脂自制固相萃取柱,研究了柱长、上样速度、样品溶液的pH、盐浓度等因素对壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A吸附率的影响,确定了最佳固相萃取条件,建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱测定水中痕量壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A的分析方法.该法双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚的检出限分别为0.432 μg/L、0.998 μg/L和1.336 μg/L,回收率为91%～96%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.5%～5.6%.方法简便快速、成本低廉,灵敏度高,准确度好,用于实际水样分析,取得满意结果.     

Chelate resin-iron(II) complex: Adsorption and desorption of nitrogen monoxide at the dry state

A chelate resin-immobilized iron(II) complex was prepared from iron(II) and poly(styrenecodivinylbenzene) which is functionalized by iminodiacetic acid group. It is activated by drying after having been washed with methanol. The resin complex can rapidly adsorb nitrogen monoxide, and the nitrogen monoxide adsorbed on the complex can be released by the treatment with heat. The adsorption of nitrogen monoxide proceeds through the 1:1 complex formation of the NO molecule with the iron(II) atom, and its complex formation constant was calculated as 8330 atm^?1 at room temperature from Langmuir plots. This value does not depend on the solvents used for washing. The activation of the resin complex by the treatment of washing with methanol is derived by increasing the amount of effective iron(II) ions due to the increase in the surface area. Moreover, this resin complex was revealed to have high complex formation constant with NO and high durability to dioxygen compared with an aqueous solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetato–iron(II) complex, which is the corresponding monomeric absorbent commonly used for nitrogen monoxide.     

高吸水性树脂聚丙烯酸钠盐制备工艺研究

研究他聚俩烯酸钠在溶液聚合中，引发剂、交联剂、丙烯酸中和度、单体浓度和反应温度对树脂吸水性的影响，从中获得最佳合成工艺，制得树脂性能为吸去离子水１４００ｇ／ｇ，吸０。９％ＮａＣｌ溶液１５０ｇ／ｇ，吸水速率快，保水性较好。     

Graft Copolymerization of Artemisia Seed Gum with Acrylic Acid under Microwave and its Water Absorbency

A super‐absorbent polymer was prepared by grafting copolymerization of acrylic acid onto Artemisia seed gum, using microwave irradiation and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The effect of various preparation conditions on its water absorbency, such as the ratio of acrylic acid to Artemisia seed gum, degree of acrylic acid neutralization, amount of initiator and microwave irradiation time, was investigated by orthogonal tests. The optimal reaction conditions were 3 min (irradiation time), 70% neutralization degree of acrylic acid and 2% initiator on the basis of the mass of acrylic acid used. When the mass ratio of acrylic acid to Artemisia seed gum is 5:0.5, the product has a water absorbency close to 400 times at room temperature in distilled water, this indicated that is has a high water absorbency. The structure of the graft copolymer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Further more, this microwave irradiation processing method to prepare water absorbent materials has no industrial cast off produced, that is to say, this method is environmentally friendly.     

离子色谱法测定减水剂中硫酸钠含量

建立了离子色谱法测定减水剂中硫酸钠含量的方法。减水剂试样溶于水中,采用201×7（717）强碱性阴离子交换树脂去除溶液中的有机物,进样量为20μL。在Metrosep A SUPP 5-250型阴离子分离柱上,以3．2mmol／L Na2CO3和1．0mmol／L NaHCO3混合溶液作为淋洗液,抑制型电导检测,以0．6mL/min流量洗脱,按峰面积定量。方法检出限（3S／N）为0．05mg／L。用标准加入法,以实体为基体进行回收试验,测得回收率为96．3％～104．3％。     

反相离子对抑制色谱法分析聚酰亚胺树脂溶液单体成分

使用C18反相液相色谱柱,以乙腈和水作为流动相,以甲基磺酸作为离子对试剂,并加入高氯酸钠以增强离子强度,采用等度洗脱,建立了单体反应物原位聚合型（PMR型）的聚酰亚胺树脂溶液中单体成分分析的反相离子对抑制液相色谱法。并对树脂单体材料的纯度以及PMR型树脂溶液中的单体及单体异构体成分进行了分析。     

Modeling of ion-exclusion and vacancy ion-exclusion chromatography in analytical and concentration overload conditions

Ion-exclusion chromatography (IEC) finds applications in various different analytical separations of weak acids. Pure, deionized water or a diluted, aqueous solution of a strong mineral acid (such as, e.g., sulphuric acid) is used as the mobile phase, whereas a typical stationary phase is a strongly acidic resin in the H(+) form (e.g., the sulfonated polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin with a high ion-exchange capacity, provided by the sulfonic acid groups). When pure water is used as the mobile phase, then the characteristic leading (i.e., frontally tailing) peaks are obtained, and the retention depends mainly on the concentration of the analyte. An alternative technique is vacancy ion-exclusion chromatography (v-IEC), in which the column is equilibrated with the sample solution, flowing as the mobile phase through the system, and pure water is injected as the sample. In this case, the symmetrical vacant peaks are obtained. The aim of this paper is to describe the retention mechanism in IEC and v-IEC for the adsorptive and nonadsorptive acids in analytical and concentration overload conditions, with pure water and the diluted sulphuric acid solution as the two different mobile phases. The retention times and the peak shapes predicted by the derived equations remain in a good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental data. The model proposed in this paper predicts the new features characteristic of IEC for the adsorptive acids. These are, namely, an increase in the retention time of the peak apexes (up to a certain level and concurring with an increase in the acid concentration), followed by a subsequent decrease of the retention time (with the further growth of the acid concentration in the eluent). Similar changes in the retention time observed for v-IEC in the specific adsorption conditions were also correctly predicted by the model.