甲氨喋呤-乳糖酰基壳聚糖的制备及其体外实验

制备了不同乳糖酰基取代度的N-乳糖酰基壳聚糖(LCH), 并通过红外光谱(IR)及核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)对其进行了结构表征. 体外放射性配基竞争结合实验结果显示, 当乳糖酰基取代度为15.5%~38.9%时, LCH对肝实质细胞膜表面去唾液酸糖蛋白受体(ASGPR)具有特异亲和性, 即具有潜在的肝靶向性. 将甲氨喋呤(MTX)与壳聚糖以酰胺键偶联, 制备MTX-壳聚糖(MTX-CH), 再与乳糖酸反应生成目标产物MTX-乳糖酰基壳聚糖(MTX-LCH), 并通过紫外分光光度法(UV)检测MTX的取代度为5.6%, 乳糖酰基取代度为33.8%. 溶解性实验结果显示, MTX-LCH溶于pH=1~14的水溶液; 体外释放实验结果表明, MTX-LCH性质稳定, 能明显延缓MTX的释放.     

O-羧甲基-N-琥珀酰壳聚糖对Cu~(2+)的吸附研究

以壳聚糖为原料,先制备O-羧甲基壳聚糖,再与琥珀酸酐水溶剂反应合成出O-羧甲基-N-琥珀酰壳聚糖衍生物,采用1H-NMR、FT-IR和TG表征其结构。系统研究了O-羧甲基-N-琥珀酰壳聚糖对水溶液中Cu~(2+)的吸附性能,主要考察了溶液的p H值、温度、吸附时间等因素对吸附的影响及吸附热力学性能。结果表明,O-羧甲基-N-琥珀酰壳聚糖对Cu2+平衡吸附量达到133.5mg/g,动力学符合准二级动力学模型,对Cu~(2+)的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。红外表明,吸附主要依靠分子结构中的羧基和氨基。     

N-琥珀酰壳聚糖的合成和性能研究

通过控制反应时间，制备了一系列取代度不同的N-琥珀酰壳聚糖。测定了产物的取代度、特性粘数、吸湿与保湿性，并用IR进行了结构表征。结果表明：壳聚糖在C2位上引入了琥珀酰基后可溶于水，其吸湿性与保湿性随取代度的增加而增强，且优于壳聚糖和透明质酸。     

不同分子量N-琥珀酰壳聚糖的制备及其与K562肿瘤细胞间亲和性的初步探讨

用化学降解法制备不同分子量的壳聚糖 ,以其为原料合成了系列N 琥珀酰壳聚糖 ,然后用异硫氰酸荧光素进行荧光标记 ,再与K5 6 2肿瘤细胞共孵育 ,通过流式细胞仪检测细胞的荧光强度来确定不同分子量N 琥珀酰壳聚糖与K5 6 2肿瘤细胞间亲和性的强弱 ,为靶向抗肿瘤药物载体的研究提供初步的参考 .结果表明N 琥珀酰壳聚糖和K5 6 2肿瘤细胞间有较强的亲和性 ,随着分子量的增加 ,其亲和性逐渐减弱 .     

壳聚糖基多功能纳米药物载体的体外研究

制备了一种壳聚糖基多功能纳米药物载体系统, 并探讨了其体外释药性质. 合成了甲氨蝶呤-壳聚糖偶联物(MTX-CS), 甲氨喋呤(MTX)的取代度为6.3%; MTX-CS具有两亲性, 在水性介质中能自组装形成纳米粒子, 平均粒径为(269.5±18.3) nm, zeta电位为(25.7±0.9) mV. MTX-CS纳米粒子能有效包载抗血管生成药Combretastatin A-4(CA-4), 当药物/载体材料投料比为1∶4 时, 载药量为15.7%, 包封率为62.8%. 体外释放实验结果显示, CA-4释放较快, MTX释放缓慢, 有利于发挥2种药物的协同抗肿瘤作用.     

In vitro Studies of Chitosan-based Muitifunctional Drug Delivery Nanosystem

制备了一种壳聚糖基多功能纳米药物载体系统,并探讨了其体外释药性质.合成了甲氨蝶呤-壳聚糖偶联物(MTX-CS),甲氨喋呤(MTX)的取代度为6.3％;MTX-CS具有两亲性,在水性介质中能自组装形成纳米粒子,平均粒径为(269.5±18.3) nm,zeta电位为(25.7±0.9) mV.MTX-CS纳米粒子能有效包载抗血管生成药Combretastatin A-4(CA-4),当药物/载体材料投料比为1∶4时,载药量为15.7％,包封率为62.8％.体外释放实验结果显示,CA-4释放较快,MTX释放缓慢,有利于发挥2种药物的协同抗肿瘤作用.     

差别性释放两种药物的层层组装聚合物膜

基于层层组装技术制备了能够差别性释放2种药物的聚合物复合膜.通过大分子前体药物透明质酸-阿霉素(HA-DOX)与壳聚糖(HACC)的层层组装以及膜内后扩散负载甲氨喋呤二钠盐(MTX)的方法,实现了DOX和MTX 2种药物分子在聚合物膜中的负载.DOX和MTX在癌变组织的酸性环境下具有差别性的释放动力学,MTX在24 h内快速释放,而DOX长效缓释达10 d.细胞实验结果表明,差别性释放的DOX和MTX可有效地抑制癌细胞的增殖.     

壳聚糖固定化亚铁Schiff碱配合物的研究

利用具有多种生物医用活性的高分子壳聚糖的轴向配位作用合成了壳聚糖—N—亚水杨基氨基酸Schiff碱亚铁配合物，采用IR光谱、元素分析、荧光光谱、紫外—可见吸收光谱和热分析等分析手段对配体及高分子配合物进行了表征。推测了其结构，以核黄素光化学氧化—羟胺—偶氮比色法研究了该化合物对超氧离子自由基的清除能力。结果表明，壳聚糖固定化的N—亚水杨基氨基酸Schiff碱亚铁配合物对超氧离子自由基的清除能力有所降低，但仍具有较强的抑制作用。     

若干3d过渡金属的甲氨喋呤配合物

本文制得了甲氨喋呤与钒、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜和锌的配合物,除铁为氧桥双核型外,其余均为1:1单核配合物。通过热重、红外、磁化率、电子顺磁共振(对铜和钒酰)和Mossbauer谱(对铁)的表征,对它们的可能结构进行了讨论。     

凝胶过滤色谱-多角度激光散射法测定琥珀酰明胶自由氨基修饰度

琥珀酰明胶作为血浆代用品的临床疗效与其分子量分布和修饰度密切相关。本研究利用高效凝胶过滤色谱-多角度激光散射法(HPSEC-MALLS)并结合2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)衍生法,探索建立一种测定琥珀酰明胶修饰度的方法。实验利用TNBS将琥珀酰明胶衍生,通过HPSEC-MALLS测定琥珀酰明胶的分子量变化,计算出琥珀酰明胶的修饰度。实验以人血清白蛋白为模型进行了方法验证,结果表明:该方法能较好地表征人血清白蛋白在TNBS衍生过程中的分子量变化,实验值与根据其氨基酸组成计算值一致。实验在HPSEC-MALLS测定琥珀酰明胶及TNBS衍生后琥珀酰明胶分子量及分布的基础上,利用凝胶过滤色谱分子量-保留时间拟合曲线,计算得到琥珀酰明胶的自由氨基修饰度为38%。结果表明利用高效凝胶过滤色谱-多角度激光散射法结合2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸衍生法测定琥珀酰明胶的修饰度是可行的。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.