甲壳素铁卟啉制备及其催化空气氧化环己烷研究

首次采用甲壳素和四苯基铁卟啉制备高分子金属卟啉固载物 甲壳素四苯基铁卟啉 ,并用电镜 ,紫外和红外光谱技术对它进行表征 ,测定了铁卟啉在甲壳素上的表观吸附常数 ,研究了其催化性能 .研究结果表明 :四苯基铁卟啉能牢固地固载在甲壳素上 ,其表观吸附常数为 6 .80× 10 4L·mol-1.在无溶剂 ,无助催化剂和还原剂的体系中 ,它能高效催化空气氧化环己烷生成环己酮和环己醇 ,在 4 18K和 0 .8MPa的反应条件下 ,环己醇和环己酮选择性为 74 .5 % ,环己烷的摩尔转化率为 14 .79% ,催化剂转化数达到 3.80× 10 5.相对未固载的四苯基铁卟啉催化剂转化数 (按铁卟啉计 )提高了 2 1倍 .     

高分子多糖载体对四苯基金属卟啉催化性能影响

在壳聚糖四苯基金属卟啉中, 氨基或羟基可能对金属卟啉的稳定性和催化活性起重要作用. 为探索这两类基团的作用效果差异, 并调查具有类似壳聚糖结构的纤维素作为载体, 对金属卟啉的保护以及羟基的协助催化作用, 制备了纤维素四苯基铁、钴和锰卟啉. 研究了纤维素四苯基铁、钴和锰卟啉催化空气氧化环己烷的能力, 并与相应的壳聚糖金属卟啉比较. 在418 K和0.8 MPa的空气压力下, 纤维素四苯基铁(钴或锰)卟啉均只能作一次性催化而耗尽; 所获得的醇酮选择性均低于相应的壳聚糖四苯基金属卟啉. 研究结果表明: 纤维素对四苯基铁、钴和锰卟啉没有明显的保护作用, 羟基对其催化环己基过氧化氢的协助分解作用也比较小. 壳聚糖对金属卟啉有很强的保护作用, 氨基有较强的协助金属卟啉催化环己基过氧化氢分解的能力, 使醇酮选择性提高.     

次卟啉二甲酯钴络合物均相选择性催化氧化环己烷

以次卟啉二甲酯钴[Co(DPDME)]为仿生催化剂,分子氧（空气）为氧给体,无其它辅助催化剂的条件下研究了催化氧化环己烷的反应。考察了反应温度、空气压力、催化剂用量和卟啉配体结构对醇酮的产率及选择性的影响。结果表明,在相同条件下,次卟啉二甲酯钴的催化活性明显高于其它的钴卟啉催化剂。以次卟啉合钴为催化剂,浓度为0.015 mmol/L,反应温度423 K,在空气压强为0.8 MPa的条件下反应5 h,环己烷的转化率达到18.17％,选择性为87.43％。温度对次卟啉钴的催化活性影响较大,温度高于443 K时,催化剂的稳定性降低,但是其转化数仍达到了66 646。对次卟啉二甲酯钴催化空气氧化环己烷的反应路径作了初步探讨。     

金属次卟啉二甲酯对空气氧化环己烷的催化作用

在无任何外加溶剂及共还原剂的条件下,将金属次卟啉二甲酯应用于催化空气氧化环己烷的氧化反应.结果表明,金属次卟啉二甲酯能够很好地催化环己烷的氧化反应,与简单的金属四苯基卟啉相比,金属次卟啉二甲酯催化剂具有更高的催化活性.进而研究了络合金属对其催化性能的影响.     

咪唑修饰硅胶配位固载锰(Ⅲ)卟啉对环己烷空气氧化的催化作用

应用3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷和咪唑成功地对硅胶表面进行了修饰,并通过咪唑基纵轴配位方式固载了四苯基锰(Ⅲ)卟啉.在无任何外加溶剂及共还原剂的条件下,应用此高分子金属卟啉作为催化剂,选择性地催化空气氧化环己烷为环己酮和环己醇.研究结果表明,与未固载金属卟啉相比,固载金属卟啉具有更高的催化活性和催化选择性,反应具有更高的酮醇比,催化剂的稳定性有了较大的提高,便于回收和重复使用.另外还探讨了载体在此催化体系中对催化性能的影响.     

氧化锌负载四(4-硝基苯基)钴卟啉催化氧化环己烷性能

将四(4-硝基苯基)钴卟啉(Co-TNPP)负载在氧化锌(Zn O)载体制备负载型金属卟啉催化剂Co-TNPP/Zn O,并对其进行了紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis),红外光谱(FT-IR),X射线衍射(XRD),热重分析(TG/DTG),比表面分析(BET)和电感耦合等离子体(ICP)表征.考察了催化剂在无溶剂的条件下催化氧气氧化环己烷的性能.实验结果表明:在反应温度为150℃,氧气压力为1.2 MPa,反应时间为2.0 h的条件下,环己烷转化率9.82%,环己醇和环己酮选择性83.37%.负载型金属卟啉催化剂经过5次循环使用,环己烷的平均转化率和环己醇、环己酮平均选择性分别为9.95%、83.61%,催化剂的平均转化数为2.18×105.负载型金属卟啉催化剂Co-TNPP/Zn O在较温和的条件下表现出优良的环己烷催化氧化性能,克服了金属卟啉催化剂难以回收、无法循环使用的缺点,具有很好的工业价值和应用前景.     

金属卟啉的电化学性质与其催化氧化α-蒎烯性能的关系

 采用循环伏安法对一系列四苯基金属卟啉的电化学氧化还原性质进行了研究,考察了四苯基金属卟啉的第一还原电位与其催化氧化α-蒎烯性能的关系. 结果表明,各四苯基金属卟啉催化空气氧化α-蒎烯转化率的大小顺序为 TPPMnⅢCl＞TPPCoⅢCl＞TPPFeⅢCl＞TPPCuⅡ≈TPPNiⅡ≈TPPZnⅡ,除TPPCoⅢCl外,基本与其第一还原电位的大小顺序一致. 随着卟啉环上取代基供电子能力的减弱,各取代基铁卟啉和锰卟啉的第一还原电位E1值均逐渐减小,表现在催化体系中是它们越容易被还原而引发反应,催化氧化α-蒎烯的转化率逐渐升高. 四苯基铁卟啉和锰卟啉的第一还原电位E1与其卟啉环上对位取代基常数σ*之间均有良好的线性关系.     

四苯基金属卟啉化学修饰电极的研究

氧的催化还原在各类燃料电池的研究中具有重要意义。本文研究了四苯基锰、铁、钴镍、卟啉和四苯基卟啉化学修饰玻碳电极。用吸附法成功地制备出了性能稳定的四苯基铁和钴卟啉化学修饰玻碳电极,详细研究了各种因素对电极制备的影响;并用循环伏安法和旋转圆盘电极研究了上述电极上氧的催化还原反应电报过程,测定了在不同pH溶液中在     

氨基卟啉配合物的合成、表征和催化性能研究

合成了3种5－（4－乙二胺烷氧基）苯基－10，15，20－三苯基卟啉及其锰配合物，并用UV－Vis,IR,^1H NMR和LC－MCD表征了它们的结构。考察了这3种锰卟啉配合物对空气－乙苯体系直接羟基化的催化性能。结果表明，这种氨基卟啉配合物对空气氧化乙苯体系具有良好的催化作用，其催化活性比四苯基卟啉强3倍－4倍。     

金属卟啉催化氧化素酚

研究了西佛碱钴络合物和四苯基卟啉钴(TPP-Co)在CHCl_3溶剂中对各种酚的催化氧化性能。发现TPP-Co在室温下可使萘酚氧化成萘醌。在催化氧化α-萘酚过程中,TPP-Co的钴主要处于二价状态,三价卟啉钴的浓度很小。提出了TPP-Co催化α-萘酚氧化为萘醌的可能反应机理。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.