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1.
两亲性分子聚集体是一类重要的软物质,它们有着丰富而复杂的相行为.本文主要从两个方面综述了作者所在的研究组在两亲性分子聚集体相变研究方面的工作进展.(1)磷脂相关体系相变热力学:归纳了多种小分子(二甲基亚砜、甘油、海藻糖、尿素等)对于磷脂体系相行为的调控,比较并讨论了固醇类分子和葡萄糖神经酰胺分子诱导磷脂分子形成液态有序相的能力,还介绍了计算机模拟磷脂相行为的工作进展.(2)两亲性分子聚集体相变的协同性:先介绍了相变协同性(即分子头部、尾部、界面等基团在相变过程中的一致性)问题的提出,然后通过双十八烷基二甲基溴化铵分子和硬脂酰溶血卵磷脂两个体系的研究实例,说明两亲性分子聚集体相变过程中存在着头尾不一致的现象.对这个问题的研究,将为我们打开挑战相态转变的一系列重大问题(如相变动力学、相态多型性、相态稳定性以及相变可逆性等)的新窗口.  相似文献   

2.
四氯合锌酸二(正十一烷基铵)晶体相变的Raman光谱   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
郭宁  王玮  曾广赋  席时权 《化学学报》1994,52(7):705-710
用Raman光谱研究了[n-C~11H~23NH~3]~2ZnCl~4(简记为C~nZn)配合物的固-固相变。结果表明, 配合物产生的固-固相变主要与烷烃链的堆积结构和分子构象变化有关, 在T~cl=25℃的相变是由于烷烃链的侧向堆积和分子构象的有序到部分无序变化。在中间相, 分子链局部产生旁式构象。在T~c2=87℃的相变主要来源于烷烃链从部分构象有序到完全无序的变化, 高温相形成了构象完全无序相, 相应于烷烃链的"熔化"。  相似文献   

3.
用Raman光谱研究了[n-C_(11)H_(23)NH_3]_2ZnCl_4(简记为C_nZn)配合物的固-固相变.结果表明,配合物产生的固-固相变主要与烷烃链的堆积结构和分子构象变化有关.在 T_(c1)=25℃的相变是由于烷烃链的侧向堆积和分子构象的有序到部分无序变化.在中间相,分子链局部产生旁式构象.在T_(c2)=87℃的相变主要来源于烷烃链从部分构象有序到完全无序的变化.高温相形成了构象完全无序相.相应于烷烃链的“熔化”.  相似文献   

4.
本文用Fenske-Hall分子轨道法(PHMO)研究了苯桥联分子簇的电子结构和成键.在这些分子簇中,苯以多种形式配位,导致苯分子中π电子不同程度的极化。这些配位模式也许与苯在不均一性催化剂表面的吸附模型相联系。在这些分子簇中稳定电子组态的价电子数符合9N-L规则。  相似文献   

5.
用准确可靠的DSC法研究了对位取代苯甲酸对苯二酯类的五个仔细纯化过的液晶化合物,得到了相变的温度、焓及熵的数据.据此给出液晶性质和分子结构关系的规律.指出不能用分子增宽导致分子间色散引力减弱的效应解释溴取代侧基的影响,相变温度的降低是熵效应的结果.用分子对称性和S_c、N相稳定性的观点解释了S_c相消失和相变温度降低的现象.从分子对称性和氰基极性观点讨论了中心苯环2,3-位氰基取代基对T_m和T_c的影响;指出烷氧基比烷基更有利于向列相的热稳定性.  相似文献   

6.
富碳炸药在爆轰过程中可产生团簇分子,而现有的实验手段不能直接观测团簇分子的形成过程.本文采用ReaxFF/lg力场对梯恩梯(TNT)在不同温度下的热分解过程进行了模拟.研究发现:团簇分子在反应初始阶段形成缓慢,大约一次增加一个TNT相对分子质量.随着反应进行,团簇分子迅速增大,最大团簇分子相对分子质量可达8000~10000,约占体系质量的18%.分析团簇分子的结构发现,团簇分子中一部分苯环被破坏,形成五元环和夹杂N、O原子的六元环,在3500 K条件下还形成了更为复杂的七元环等结构.通过体积膨胀和直接降温的方法,研究了团簇分子的稳定性:体积膨胀使得团簇分子迅速分解;而直接降温,团簇分子又聚合成更大的团簇.分析类石墨结构的产生过程,发现先膨胀然后降温是必不可少的步骤.比较团簇分子和TNT分子中各原子质量所占比,团簇分子中C原子质量比始终在增加.  相似文献   

7.
张红宇  韦钰 《物理化学学报》1994,10(11):998-1003
运用分子动力学方法研究了Langmuir膜的结构和相变特性,比较了不同的头基模型对模拟的影响。发现在压膜过程中,膜分子的结构和排列存在相变,其中,分子脂肪链的倾角随着膜内每分子所占面积的增大而增大,分子链内无序的主要原因是脂肪链两端二面角的扭曲造成的。由不同模型模拟得出,带电模型的分子分布比较紊乱,倾角较小。这说明亚相环境和头基的不同,会影响模拟得的膜分子的排列,选择合理的头基模型非常重要。  相似文献   

8.
两亲性磷脂是生物膜的主要成分,以双分子层结构存在干股中.当脂质双分子层中含足够比例的液晶相时,膜才有一定的流动性,细胞才能生长繁殖.因此,生物膜脂质双分子展相变特别是凝胶一液晶棺变研究历来为学界所重视.在正烷烃中,人们已观察到从。相到转子相(rotomericPhas  相似文献   

9.
通过分子动力学模拟,考查并分析了(KI)108离子簇的结构、能量和相变的动力学行为.在加热和冷却过程中,离子簇再现了熔化和凝固现象,而且熔化起始于立方体的其一顶点,熔化的离子簇不是球形的,说明了离子簇的非湿特征.根据结晶的成核速率,讨论了电子衍射实验中观察KI凝固的可能性  相似文献   

10.
通过使用不同相变温度的磷脂分子并调节二者的比例构筑了不同相态的磷脂膜, 并利用表面增强红外光谱和激光共聚焦显微镜研究了磷脂膜的相行为对氧化石墨烯和磷脂膜相互作用的影响. 结果表明, 氧化石墨烯对磷脂膜中磷脂分子的抽提作用具有显著的相态选择性, 其选择性地抽提流动相的磷脂分子; 氧化石墨烯对流动相磷脂的抽提作用受到膜中凝胶相磷脂存在比例的影响, 只有在流动相磷脂分子占磷脂膜中磷脂分子的绝大部分时才能够发生抽提作用, 且只有流动相的磷脂分子被抽提.  相似文献   

11.
Phase change phenomena in clusters are often modeled by augmenting physical interaction potentials with an external constraining potential to handle evaporation processes in finite temperature simulations. These external constraining potentials exert a pressure on the cluster. The influence of this constraining pressure on phase change phenomena in 38-atom Lennard-Jones clusters is investigated, and it is demonstrated that modest changes in the parameters of the constraining potential can lead to an order of magnitude change in the constraining pressure. At sufficiently high pressures the solid to solidlike phase change region in the 38-atom Lennard-Jones cluster is completely eliminated.  相似文献   

12.
Magnetic, structural-dynamic, catalytic properties of nanocluster systems including both isolated and mutually interacting clusters of oxides of iron and other metals were studied. The influence of dimensional effects and intercluster interactions was discovered for nanosystems including metal oxides both with no carrier and in polymeric and carbon matrices. These effects were displayed in decrease in the critical temperature of magnetic phase and structural transitions, appearance of a critical cluster size for first-order magnetic phase transitions, change of the character of magnetic phase transitions, and change of atomic and cluster dynamics, as well as of adsorption and catalytic properties.  相似文献   

13.
Aqueous to organic phase transfer of water soluble sub-nanocluster, Au25SG18 (-SG, glutathione thiolate) is demonstrated using the phase transfer reagent, tetraoctylammonium bromide. The phase transfer occurred by the electrostatic attraction between the hydrophilic carboxylate anion of the glutathione ligand on the cluster surface in the aqueous phase and the hydrophobic tetraoctylammonium cation in the toluene phase. Detailed spectroscopic characterization of the phase transferred cluster using optical absorption, photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the cluster retains its integrity during the phase transfer. The interaction of the cluster with the phase transfer reagent can be studied with infrared spectroscopy. The phase transferred cluster can be dried and redissolved in an organic medium, just as the original cluster. This is the first report of the phase transfer of a sub-nanocluster, keeping the cluster core intact. The effect of dilution and pH on phase transfer of this cluster is studied in detail. This method promises several possibilities to explore the properties, reactivity and applications of sub-nanoclusters both in the aqueous and organic phases. Dedicated to Prof. C.N.R. Rao on his 75th birthday, whose work on phase transfer of nanoparticles has inspired this work.  相似文献   

14.
We have carried out parallel tempering Monte Carlo calculations on the binary six-atom mixed Lennard-Jones clusters, Ar(n)Xe(6-n) (n=0,1,2). We have looked at the classical configurational heat capacity C(V)(T) as a probe of phase behavior. All three clusters show a feature in the heat capacity in the region of 15-20 K. The Ar(2)Xe(4) cluster exhibits a further peak in the heat capacity near 7 K. We have also investigated dynamical properties of the Ar(2)Xe(4) cluster as a function of temperature using molecular dynamics. We report the interbasin isomerization rate and the bond fluctuation parameter obtained from these calculations. At 7 K, the isomerization rate is on the order of 0.01 ns(-1); at 20 K, the isomerization rate is greater than 10 ns(-1). Furthermore, at 7 K, the bond fluctuation parameter is less than 3%; at 20 K, it is in the range of 10-15% (depending on the sampling time used). Using this information, together with Monte Carlo quenching data, we assign the 15-20 K feature in the heat capacity to a solid-liquid phase change and the 7-K peak to a solid-solid phase change. We believe this is the smallest Lennard-Jones cluster system yet shown to exhibit solid-solid phase change behavior.  相似文献   

15.
Crystallographic examination of [mu3-S(AuCNC7H13)3](SbF6) shows that it undergoes a reversible phase change from orthorhombic to monoclinic upon cooling. At 190 K, the structure shows that two cations self-associate to form a pseudo-octahedral array of six gold atoms connected by both intra- and interionic aurophilic interactions. On cooling, the clusters become less symmetric, and in one, the interionic Au...Au separations increase, while they decrease in the second cluster. The luminescence of crystalline [mu3-S(AuCNC7H13)3](SbF6) shows corresponding changes in emission, with two emissions of similar lifetimes but with different excitations at 77 K, but only a single emission at 298 K. In contrast, [mu3-S(AuCNC6H11)3](PF6), which has a similar structure to that of the high-temperature form of [mu3-S(AuCNC7H13)3](SbF6), does not undergo a phase change or change in its luminescence upon cooling.  相似文献   

16.
Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the change in the mechanism of iron cluster melting with increasing cluster size. Melting of smaller clusters (e.g., Fe55 and Fe100) occurs over a large temperature interval where the phase of the cluster repeatedly oscillates between liquid and solid. In contrast, larger clusters (e.g., Fe300) have sharper melting points with surface melting preceding bulk melting. The importance of the simulation time, the force field and the definition of cluster melting is also discussed.  相似文献   

17.
Water confined on metal oxide surface plays significant roles in heterogeneous catalysis. Heteropolyacid, a 1.2 nm-metal oxide cluster with well-defined structure, is applied as a model to understand the dynamics of water on its surface. The surface water strongly associates with heteropolyacid cluster and form the so-called ‘pseudoliquid phase’ where catalytic reactions are conducted. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry have been applied to probe the dynamics of water in this pseudoliquid phase. A supercooling phase transition of water below its normal melting temperature and a dipolar glassy relaxation behaviour due to the hindered dynamics of water have been observed. The rich dynamic behavior on the surface of such well-defined metal clusters provide new perspectives to understand the properties of surface water and their relation to catalytic performance of heteropolyacid.  相似文献   

18.
林梦海  张乾二 《化学学报》1997,55(2):147-152
我们选择了14个IB-Ⅷ, IB-ⅥB族异金属四核簇合物, 用DV-Xα方法研究它们的成键规律、配体效应及能级变化。计算表明: 它们按构型可分为三类: 三角锥、蝶型、平面四边形、金属簇骼轨道分别为6个、5个、4个, 稳定性也依次降低。文中还讨论了三苯基膦等配体在合成IB簇合物中的作用和异核簇中d能带的变化对吸附的影响。  相似文献   

19.
超临界相中正十二烷烃脱氢各物种的聚集行为   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在超临界相中进行的化学反应不仅提高了化学反应的速率,而且移动了化学平衡,大幅度地增加了反应的转化率和选择性。研究超临界相中各物种的偏摩尔体积,进而了解各物种分子间的相互聚集行为,是进一步认识超临界相化学反应机理的根本途径。  相似文献   

20.
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