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锂离子电池的发展主要依赖于电极材料的突破,解决现有电极材料存在的问题和预测新型未知材料是提高锂离子电池性能的关键,而第一性原理计算的出现能够较好的满足这一需求。本文介绍了第一性原理计算在锂离子电池正极材料研究方面的原理和应用,并对该原理在正极材料的平均嵌锂电压计算,嵌/脱锂机理、结构稳定性研究及新材料预测等方面的应用进行了详细论述,并指出了这一理论计算工具在电池材料设计过程中的重要性和局限性。 相似文献
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对"原电池的工作原理"进行了教材分析、学情分析,在必修2学习的基础上,结合生活实际设计了4个教学环节:通过生活中的原电池和必修知识的复习,引出原电池原理;通过铜锌原电池的设计、分析,掌握单液原电池原理;从原电池的能量转化效率出发,学习双液原电池原理;利用原电池的形成条件,设计原电池。 相似文献
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分析化学教学体系重构之思考 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
结合分析化学学科的发展和分析化学学科的内涵定义,对现行分析化学课程的教学内容进行了分析,指出了现行分析化学课程教学的缺失,提出了以识别与信号传导原理、分析质量控制与保证原理、分析方法原理与技术、分析技术平台等主要知识模块构成分析化学教学体系的设想,并以教学案例进行了初步的探索。 相似文献
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质量控制图的原理和方法及在仪器分析中的应用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
粟智 《理化检验(化学分册)》2005,41(5):343-346
结合全面质量管理中控制图统计方法和数理统计中最小概率事件原理,探讨了质量控制图的原理、方法、分析和实现过程以及在仪器分析中的应用。 相似文献
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在分析化学中,随着溶液平衡的深入研究和分析方法的不断发展,使我们处理分析化学计算越来越准确和严谨。“多重平衡原理在无机化学上的应用”一文介绍了比较好的“多重平衡原理”方法。本文将介绍“控制平衡原理”的处理方法,同时,想从处理平衡的过程和我们 相似文献
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二氧化硅粒子的表面化学修饰——方法、原理及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文综述了近年来国内外对二氧化硅粒子表面化学修饰的研究成果,主要介绍了偶联剂法、表面接枝法和一步法的反应原理,探讨了各种改性方法的关键问题和优势,重点介绍了表面接枝法,包括以普通自由基聚合、原子转移自由基聚合和可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合为原理的表面聚合生长接枝法和以开环加成、点击化学和酯化反应为原理的偶联接枝法。由于表面接枝法一般需要偶联剂在二氧化硅表面引入官能团,本文亦简要介绍了硅烷偶联剂及其修饰机理和一步法的反应原理。表面修饰的基团或接枝的聚合物赋予二氧化硅粒子新的性能;经表面修饰的二氧化硅粒子,提高了在有机溶剂或有机基体中的分散性,增加了与有机基体的界面相容性,并已广泛应用于新材料的合成。 相似文献
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采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种新型无机抗菌材料--锌-钬抗菌白炭黑。通过单因素实验和响应曲面法优化,得到了最优制备条件为:锌浓度0.711 mol·L^-1,钬浓度0.5 mmol·L^-1及反应时间65 min。获得了分散性好、粒度较小、抗菌性能良好的复合抗菌材料。通过SEM,EDS,FTIR,粒径检测和抗菌检测等手段对锌-钬抗菌白炭黑进行了表征。结果表明:锌-钬抗菌白炭黑结构蓬松,平均粒径为28.948μm,且锌离子和钬离子的添加对载体白炭黑的结构基本没有影响,其抗菌率可达83.41%。 相似文献
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Wenhao Qian Zhaolei Wang Dannong He Xiaoyu Huang Jiansheng Su 《Journal of Saudi Chemical Society》2018,22(5):581-587
Excellent antibacterial property of graphene oxide makes it an important antibacterial material. However, in some cases, a synergistic combination of materials with different antibacterial mechanisms is desired. In this work, we developed a simple two-step protocol to prepare ornidazole (ONZ), a nitroimidazole antiprotozoal drug, loaded graphene-based paper for combined antibacterial materials. Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were used as carriers in antibacterial materials. After mixed with ONZ directly in aqueous media and filtrated under vacuum, the freestanding GO/ONZ and rGO/ONZ were peeled off from the filtrate membrane. The ONZ loading contents in the paper was determined by UV/vis spectroscopy and the surface properties were investigated by measuring their contact angle, which will have an important impact on the antibacterial effects of the papers. 相似文献
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FENGRun-liang GONGPing FANGLin HONGWei 《高等学校化学研究》2005,21(2):177-182
Ten new erythromycin antibacterial agents containing amidino group were designed and synthesized from erythromycin via oximation, reduction and condensation. Their structures were confirmed by MS and ^13C NMR; the synthetic condition(reaction medium)was explored; and their in vtiro antibacterial activities were tested. Compound HMA-3 showed antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, which is equivalent to that of erythromycin A. Compounds HMA-8 and HMA-4 also showed an antibacterial activitiy. But no compound showed bactericidal activity. 相似文献
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聚(4-乙烯基吡啶季铵盐-丙烯酰胺)的抗菌性能与机理研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
季铵盐型阳离子聚合物具有絮凝、缓蚀与杀菌等多种功能,据此,我们通过分子设计,先将丙烯酰胺与4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)进行共聚合,然后使用季铵化试剂硫酸二甲酯使共聚物阳离子化,制备了吡啶季铵盐型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(QPAV),本文报道QPAV的抗菌性能,并探讨其抗菌机理,结果表明,吡啶季铵盐型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺具有很强的抗菌性能,且其抗菌机理是基于杀菌而不仅仅是抑菌。 相似文献
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Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) samples were treated in air plasma discharge, coated by polyallyamine brush thought copolymeric grafting surface-from reaction and deposited four common antibacterial agents (benzalkonium chloride, bronopol, chlorhexidine and triclosan) to gain material with active antibacterial properties. Surface characteristics were evaluated by static contact angle measurement with surface energy evaluation ATR-FTIR, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and SEM analysis. Inhibition zone on agar was used as in vitro test of antibacterial properties on two representative gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. It was confirmed, that after grafting of polyallyamine, more antibacterial agent is immobilized on the surface. The highest increase of antibacterial activity was observed by the sample containing triclosan. Samples covered by bronopol did not show significant antibacterial activity. 相似文献
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Designing digital light processing (DLP) 3D printable photosensitive resins with antibacterial properties is especially vital because of their potential applications in various biomedical fields. In this contribution, a thiol–ene–acrylate ternary system with reduced volume shrinkage and fast photopolymerization rate was chosen as the antibacterial 3D printing matrix resin. Two quaternary ammonium salt‐type antibacterial agents (QAC and SH‐QAC) with different molecular weight were designed and prepared, which can participate in the curing of matrix resin to achieve contact antibacterial effect. The effects of antibacterial agent content on the photopolymerization kinetics and on thermal and mechanical properties were discussed in detail. When the amount of added QAC is 4wt%, the antibacterial rate is almost 100% for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and when the amount of SH‐QAC is 10wt%, the antibacterial rate against S. aureus is also essentially 100%. Both antibacterial photosensitive resins have been successfully applied in DLP technology to fabricate tooth model with high precision. 相似文献
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CHEN Shuixia LIU Jinrong ZHANG Xiaoping ZENG Hanmin Materials Science Institute Zhongshan University Guangzhou Department of Environmental Science Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou P. R. China 《Chinese Journal of Reactive Polymers》2002,(2)
1. INTRODUCTION Microbial pollution will bring about various problems in industry and other vital fields, such as causing decomposing of materials, harming people抯 health. In order to reduce these problems, new antibacterial materials have been demanded. Recently, much attention has been paid to inorganic materials including zinc oxide [1~4]. These inorganic antibacterial materials are now substituting for organic materials to avoid releasing noxious organic molecules harmful to humans;… 相似文献
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介绍了无机、有机和天然生物三类抗菌剂,重点介绍了无机抗菌剂的种类和应用现状;对比了五种常用抗菌塑料制备方法,直接添加法、抗菌母粒法、表面黏合法、层压法和后加工处理法;针对国内外抗菌塑料的检测标准,简单介绍了最常用的评价抗菌性能的两个指标,抗菌率和抑菌环;最后对抗菌塑料的发展做了一些展望。 相似文献
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含铈不锈钢的抗菌性能 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以00Cr18Ni9不锈钢成分为基础,添加0~5%的稀土元素铈(Ce).利用电子探针分析了加铈(Ce)不锈钢中Ce的分布;用化学分析法测定了含铈不锈钢中铈(Ce)和碳(C)的含量;用X射线衍射方法测试了含铈(Ce)不锈钢中铈(Ce)的析出相成分;采用贴膜法测试了含Ce不锈钢对大肠杆菌ATCC 8099、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538的抗菌性能.结果表明: 含Ce不锈钢具有优异的抗菌性能,与含Cu抗菌不锈钢相比,含Ce不锈钢无需时效热处理就具有优异的抗菌性能.并讨论了含Ce不锈钢的抗菌机制. 相似文献