《分析化学》第十卷(1—12期)总目录

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Design of a PFW European type impact crusher

介绍了一种PFW欧版反击式破碎机,由于该机采用了重型转子装置,取得了较好的破碎效果。该破碎机结构科学合理,使用安全可靠,维护方便快捷。与传统反击式破碎机相比,不仅延长了设备的使用寿命,缩短了耐磨件的更换时间,而且提高了生产效率,增加了经济效益。     

储氢合金电极的表面修饰研究

利用等离子体技术对AA型MH/Ni电池的储氢合金电极进行了镀覆导电膜层的表面修饰,用XRD及SEM对电极结构进行了表征.极片经过表面修饰的电池,其内阻降低了24％,放电容量有了明显提高,5C (7.5 A) 放电容量提高了200 mA•h,放电平台电压提高了约0.14 V,导电膜层还起到了电极保护层的作用,抑制了合金的粉化,提高了电池的循环稳定性.同时,电池内压显著降低,电池性能有了较大改善.     

碳60分子模型的简易制作方法

碳60的发现是荣获了1996年诺贝尔化学奖的重大贡献,将我们带进了又一个化学新世界。实践中碳60分了的独特构型引起了中学化学教师和学生的极大兴趣,但尚缺少其分了模型的简易制作方法。作者在教学过程中创造了一种碳60分了模型的制作方法。     

农科有机化学课程建设的探索与实践

对农科有机化学课程存在的一些普遍问题进行了分析;结合当前农林院校的特点,建立了符合农业院校特点的教学新体系;编制了一系列教材;建设了精品课程网站;建立了教学质量评价体系;建设了一支结构合理、教学水平高、团队精神好的教学队伍。     

氧化锌对MCM-22分子筛晶化的影响

 采用静态水热合成法,以六亚甲基亚胺为模板剂,在氧化锌存在下合成了MCM-22分子筛,考察了氧化锌对MCM-22晶化的影响. 结果表明,少量氧化锌的添加抑制了杂晶的生成,缩短了晶化诱导期,提高了晶化速度,扩大了硅铝比的范围,降低了模板剂的用量.     

前言

自20世纪初期,德国化学家EmilFischer首先合成了甘氨酸二肽片段,并第一次提出“peptide”（多肽）这一名词,多肽化学的研究已经历了100多年的发展．1953年,Vigneand小组首次完成了生物活性肽催产素的合成,并因此于1955年获得了诺贝尔化学奖．1963年,Merrifield提出了多肽固相合成法,并发明了第一台多肽自动合成仪,大大简化了多肽合成的流程、提高了合成的效率,从而促使多肽化学实现了飞跃式发展,Merrifield也因此获得了1984年诺贝尔化学奖．1965年,我国科学家完成了牛结晶胰岛素的合成,     

β—环糊精和α—萘乙酸包络物的荧光光谱研究

本文研究了水溶液中β－环糊精和α－萘乙酸包络反应，研究了包络物的荧光光谱性质，测定了包络物的形成常数，讨论了各种水溶性一元醇对该包络物形成及荧光性质的影响，并对其应用了作了预测。     

日用化学品化学课程教学改革探索

针对传统日用化学品化学课程教学中存在的各种问题, 进行了调整教学内容、改进教学方法和改革考核方式等方面的改革。调动了学生的学习积极性, 促进了师生间的互动, 加强了学生对知识的掌握, 提高了学生应用知识的能力, 培养了学生的创新思维。     

氙在活性炭纤维吸附床上穿透的动力学模型

研究了氙在活性炭纤维吸附床上的穿透特性,采用Boltzmann分布函数理论模拟了穿透曲线,根据Boltzmann函数曲线推导了穿透时间方程,给出了半穿透时间的理论表达式,较好地解释了实验数据。     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

线性反馈抑制螺旋波

A class of excitable media described by the Fitzhugh-Nagumo equation is investigated. Based on the stable and self adaptive theory, the error between the systems grid variables and the standard sampling of the periodical signal or constant signal was feed back into the system both globally and locally. When the controller was then shut off, automatically, the whole system became homogeneous. Additionally, the scheme was tested under noisy conditions. The numerical simulations results demonstrate its effectiveness. The system reached a homogeneous state and a spiral wave was converted into a target wave, resulting in a wonderful pattern emerging using a different controller. The scheme proved robust in resisting the effects of noise.     

Change of water structure by solvents and polymers

Viscosity measurements have been made of water-solvent and water-polymer solutions in a temperature range of 20–60 centigrades. A medium structure temperatureT ₀ was calculated from the Vogel-equation. Water has a structure temperature of 140–150 K, its decrease indicates structure breakage, an increase structure promotion. Pyridine, dioxane, dimethylformamide and urea are structure breakers. This is explained by a shift of the equilibrium — bonded water molecules — nonbonded — to the right. Acetone shows hydrophobic bonding in the same concentration range of 0–10 mole % as the normal alcohols. They are quasifree liquids-structure temperature zero-in the pure state. This is explained by hydrogen bridged dimer formation with the exception of tert-butanol. Its 3 methylgroups sterically prevent dimer formation and cause structuring. Adding urea to methanol-water solutions breaks water structure according to urea concentration but extends the hydrophobic bonding maximum over the whole diagram. Glucose-water solutions have a minimum in the structure temperature diagram. Its left side indicates waterstructure breakage, its right side formation of a new structure forced upon water by the sugar. The equilibrium can be formulated: Waterlike bonded-nonbonded-hetero (solvent)-like bonded, Ribose also shows this minimum but after a short range of heterobondedness the structure is completely broken to nonbondedness.The polymers dextrane and polyvinylpyrrolidone are strong waterstructure breakers. Dextrane much stronger than PVP, it breaks to nonbondedness while PVP maintains a certain structuring, perhaps indicating heterobonding at higher concentrations. Polyacrylamide is a strong structurebreaker. It resembles urea in this sense. Perhaps the solvationwater structure of the NH₂ groups is very different from pure waterstructure. Polyacrylicacid breaks waterstructure completely, if sodiumchloride is added waterstructure is rebuilt again. The only waterstructure promoting polymer is natural gelatine. Perhaps this structure is different from pure water or the watermolecule equilibrium is shifted towards bondedness. The structure temperatures of pure polyethyleneglycoles show a minimum with increasing molecular weight. The high structure temperature of the small chains is explained by long chain assoziates formation through hydrogen bridging. This liquid of long assoziate chains is structured and has a high structure temperature. With increasing molecular weight ringformation instead of linear assoziation becomes possible. These neutral rings form a free liquid. Long chains again have a linear structure and the structure temperature increases at higher molecular weights. Existence of linear chain assoziation of low molecular PEGs is proved with their breakage by adding the chain terminating methanol.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. F. H. Müller.Herrn Chemotechniker D. Ziegler möchte ich für die sorgfältige Durchführung der Messungen sehr danken.Dem Verband der Chemischen Industrie danke ich sehr für die Ermöglichung der Arbeit.     

Synthesis and characterization of inorganic solid electrolytes of Li2O-SiO2-P2O5 and Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5 systems

The lithium-ion-conducting inorganic solid electrolytes in the oxide systems Li₂O-SiO₂-P₂O₅ and Li₂O-TiO₂-SiO₂-P₂O₅ were prepared by the solid-state reaction, and the electrolyte pellet made by cold-pressing method had diameter of 13 mm and was about 1 mm thick. Phase identification and surface morphology of the products were carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Ionic conductivity of the pellets was investigated through ac impedance. The results show that the adding of other cations can improve the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte, and the sintering temperature and duration can influence the ionic conductivity. The maximum ionic conductivity in the samples is 9.9 × 10⁻⁴ S/cm in the Li₂O-TiO₂-SiO₂-P₂O₅ system. Original Russian Text ? W. Li, M. Wang, Z.H. Li, X.F. Shang, H. Wang, Y.W. Wang, Y.B. Xu, 2007, published in Elektrokhimiya, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 11, pp. 1341–1345.     

PREPARATION OF MONODISPERSE CROSSLINKED POLYMER MICROSPHERES HAVING CHLOROMETHYL GROUP BY DISTILLATION-PRECIPITATION POLYMERIZATION

Monodisperse crosslinked poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene) (poly(CMSt-co-DVB)) microspheres were prepared by distillation-precipitation copolymerization of chloromethylstyrene (CMSt) and divinylbenzene (DVB) in neat acetonitrile. The polymer particles had clean surfaces due to the absence of any added stabilizer. The size of the particles ranges from 2.59 μm to 3.19 μm and with mono-dispersity around 1.002-1.014. The effects of monomer feed in copolymerization on the microsphere formation were described. The polymer microspheres were characterized by SEM and chlorinity elemental analysis.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Preparation and properties of uniform colloidal metal phosphates IV. Cadmium-, nickel-, and manganese(II)-phosphates

Colloidal dispersions of uniform spherical particles of cadmium phosphate, nickel basic phosphate, and manganese (II) phosphate were prepared by aging at elevated temperatures metal salt solutions and phosphoric acid or sodium dihydrogen phosphate in the presence of urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Uniform spheres were obtained only if urea and the surfactant were added within a given range of concentrations.The spherical particles were amorphous as prepared. Cadmium phosphate and nickel basic phosphate particles crystallized when calcined at appropriate temperatures. Manganese (II) phosphate particles underwent a phase transformation to crystalline plate-like solids when aged in doubly distilled water at room temperature.Supported by NFS grant CHE-8619509.Part of M. S. Thesis by L.L.S.     

衬底温度对ZnO薄膜晶体结构和电学性质的影响研究

ZnO films were deposited on glass substrates by gas discharge reaction evaporation. The influences of substrate temperature on the surface morphology, crystal structure and electric properties of ZnO films were studied by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and complex impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the films with dense and amorphous structure and lower grain boundary resistance were deposited at room temperature. When the substrate temperature is higher than 50 ℃, the films with certain c-axis orientation can be deposited. With the increase of the substrate temperature, the preferential orientation of ZnO films along c-axis is augmented, the tensile stress along c-axis orientation decreases and the grain boundary resistance increases in a marked degree. When the substrate temperature is higher than 100 ℃, the increasing trend of the preferential orientation of ZnO films along c-axis slows down. ZnO films possess high preferential c-axis orientation and best crystalline quality at 180-200 ℃. These possess a smooth surface, symmetrical grain dimension (i.e. 30-40 nm), inerratic crystal shape, less tensile stress and 0.965 epitaxial degree along the c-axis direction. Here the grain boundary effect increases and the grain boundary resistance is evidently more than that of the films deposited at room temperature. The mechanism by which substrate temperature affects crystal structure and grain boundary properties were also discussed.     

硝基胍H迁移异构化反应动力学的从头计算研究

Theoretical studies on the α- and β-forms nitroguanidine were carried out using ab initio theoretical methods, at the MP2/6-31G(d,p) level. The predicted geometrical parameters were in good agreement with the available theoretical values, which calculated by other author. The three C-N bond lengths in α-form nitroguanidine were different, the longest bond length was 1.430 A, the shortest was 1.283 A. But they were almost similar in β-form, the longest was 1.375 A, the shortest was 1.322 A. Therefore there were conjugative effects in β-form but not in α-form. The calculated results also show that the β-form is stable with respect to the α-form from energetically, lower 28.16 kJ/mol corrected with zero point vibrational energy. The transition-state for the unimolecular isomerization was conformed by the IRC calculation. The calculated energy barrier for the direct intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer isomerization process was 132.95 kJ/mol. The isomerization reaction, exothermal reaction, is a typical intramolecular hydrogen atom synfacial transfer reaction. Rate constants of the isomerization reaction were evaluated within the temperature range of 200-1773 K by the classical transition state theory. The rate constant was 1.99×10-11 s-1 and the equilibrium constant was 1.00×105 at 298 K. With the temperature increasing, the equilibrium value decayed and the reaction process was more difficult.