镍钛合金纤维基体表面纳米多孔复合氧化物的可控生长及其对多环芳烃的选择性固相微萃取

采用水热氧化法制备镍钛合金(NiTi)固相微萃取纤维.实验结果表明,在80℃ 的H2 O2溶液中,直接氧化NiTi纤维基体可在其表面原位生长纳米多孔氧化镍/氧化钛复合涂层,其中氧化镍含量显著高于氧化钛含量.与高效液相色谱-紫外检测器(HPLC-UV)检测技术联用,考察了所制备NiTi纤维对典型芳香族化合物的萃取性能.结果表明,富Ni复合氧化物涂层对多环芳烃(PAHs)表现出良好的萃取选择性.在优化实验条件下,方法的线性范围为0.1~400.0 ng/mL,相关系数大于0.999,PAHs的检出限为0.026~0.056 ng/mL.对于50 ng/mL加标水样,单支NiTi纤维日内和日间测量的相对标准偏差(RSDs)分别为4.8%~6.2%和5.4%~6.5%(n=5),使用5支不同批纤维测量的RSDs为6.4%~8.4%.本方法适用于环境水样中PAHs的富集和测定,相对回收率为89.9%~108.5%,RSDs<8.1%.而且,NiTi纤维机械强度高,化学稳定性好,制备过程精密可控.     

镍钛合金纤维基体上氧化锌纳米片的电沉积及其对环境水样中紫外线吸收剂的高效固相微萃取

以镍钛合金(NiTi)丝为固相微萃取(SPME)纤维基体,采用水热法原位生长网状交联钛/镍复合氧化物纳米片(TiO_2/NiOCNSs),随后通过电化学沉积,将氧化锌纳米片(ZnONSs)可控组装在NiTi-TiO_2/NiOCNSs纤维上。与HPLC联用,考察所组装NiTi-TiO_2/NiOCNSs@ZnONSs纤维对水样中痕量紫外线吸收剂的吸附性能,优化实验条件,建立了SPME-HPLC测定方法。在0.05~200μg/L范围内具有良好线性关系(相关系数0.999),检出限为0.009~0.065μg/L;该法的单根纤维日内测量相对标准偏差(RSDs)为4.6%~5.5%,日间测量RSDs为5.4%~6.8%,该法的5根不同批次所组装纤维RSDs为6.7%~7.9%。实际水样分析结果表明,加标回收率为86.8%~105.9%。所组装NiTi基纤维具有良好制备重现性和很长的使用寿命,一根纤维可完成整个分析过程和批量样品的测量。所建立方法适用于不同类型环境水样中痕量紫外线吸收剂的富集分离和灵敏测定。     

点击反应修饰溶胶-凝胶整体柱及在多环芳烃检测应用

利用CuI催化叠氮-端基炔点击反应,通过优化条件在叠氮基上键合C_(12)分子链,制备具有疏水作用的溶胶-凝胶整体柱。以其作萃取介质,研究对典型多环芳烃(PAHs):萘(Nap)、蒽(Ant)、芘(Pyr)和苯并[a]芘(Ba P)的萃取富集,结果显示对PAHs有较好富集,且对Pyr,Ba P萃取能力更强。结合高效液相色谱-紫外检测建立水环境中16种PAHs检测方法,检出限为0.04~1.51μg/L(S/N=3),定量限为0.13~4.65μg/L(S/N=10),PAHs在0.3~200μg/L范围内线性关系良好(R~2≥0.991),日内和日间方法的相对标准偏差(RSDs)分别为1.4%~7.8%(n=7)和1.8%~8.1%(n=8)。实际水样PAHs检测中加标回收率为91.1%~107.5%,RSDs为2.5%~7.5%(n=3)。该方法可用于水环境中痕量PAHs的快速检测。     

苯基修饰二氧化硅纳米片纤维的制备及其对多环芳烃的固相微萃取

采用水热处理和溶胶-凝胶法在镍钛合金（NiTi）纤维表面组装了二氧化硅纳米片（SiO₂NFs）,成功制备了新型SiO₂纤维涂层,并用苯基三氯硅烷进行了自组装表面修饰,得到了可用于固相微萃取（SPME）的NiO/TiO₂@SiO₂NFs-Ph纤维。将制备的SPME纤维与高效液相色谱联用,通过对典型芳香化合物的分析评价了所制备纤维的萃取性能。该纤维对多环芳烃（PAHs）具有较高的萃取率和良好的萃取选择性。实验优化了pH值、搅拌速率、萃取温度、萃取时间和离子强度对PAHs萃取率的影响。在优化条件下,5种PAHs在各自的范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数（r）大于0.999,检出限为0.013~0.108 μg/L。使用单根纤维对含有50 μg/L PAHs的加标水样进行萃取,其含量的日内及日间RSD分别为4.1%~5.9%和4.8%~6.8%。实际环境水样中5种PAHs在10 μg/L和30 μg/L加标水平下的加标回收率分别为90.8%~105.7%和93.6%~103.1%。该法制备的NiO/TiO₂@SiO₂NFs-Ph纤维稳定性高、制备重现性好,适用于环境水样中目标PAHs的富集和测定。     

固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法测定沥青基防水涂料中18种多环芳烃的迁移量

建立了固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱(SPME/GC-MS)测定沥青基防水涂料中18种多环芳烃(PAHs)迁移量的方法。研究了萃取涂层、萃取时间、搅拌速度及萃取温度对萃取效果的影响。在优化条件下,18种PAHs在1~100μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.992 8~0.998 9,检出限为0.03~0.09μg/L;在1、10、100μg/L加标水平下的平均回收率为71%~94%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.8%~8.6%。对5份沥青基防水涂料进行迁移实验,发现迁移液中均检出PAHs,且主要为四环以下的PAHs。实验表明该方法适应于沥青基防水涂料中18种PAHs的迁移量检测。     

基于七元瓜环多维配位聚合物的新型固相微萃取纤维的制备及对环境水样中多环芳烃的检测应用

以四氯化镉酸根离子[CdCl4]2-诱导形成的Eu3+-七元瓜环(Q[7]/Eu)多维配位聚合物为涂层材料,采用高温环氧树脂固定涂层制备了一种新型固相微萃取纤维。利用电镜和热重分析对纤维的表面形态和热稳定性进行了考察。实验结果表明该聚合物涂层表面疏松、多孔,热稳定性好。在优化的实验条件下(萃取温度75℃,NaCl质量浓度为200 g/L,萃取时间40 min,250℃下解吸2 min)结合GC/FID的方法测定了水样中萘、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘7种多环芳烃(PAHs)化合物。7种PAHs的线性范围为1~1 000μg/L,检出限在0.29~2.09μg/L之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)不大于8.6%。将建立的方法用于实际样品花溪河水中PAHs加标回收率的测定,回收率在97.2%~109.0%之间,结果令人满意。在各自的最优萃取条件下,该涂层对7种PAHs的萃取效果与商品PDMS的萃取效果相当,证明该Q[7]/Eu多维配位聚合物在固相微萃取方面具有应用潜力。     

超声辅助萃取-分散液液微萃取/气相色谱法测定环境水样中六氯苯、林丹及硫丹

建立了超声辅助萃取(UAE)-分散液液微萃取(DLLME)/气相色谱法测定环境水样中六氯苯、林丹和硫丹,并对影响萃取和富集效率的因素进行了优化。在最优条件下,六氯苯、林丹及α-硫丹的线性范围为1.0~1 000μg/L,检出限分别为0.47、0.39及0.63μg/L;β-硫丹线性范围为5.0~1 000μg/L,检出限为2.44μg/L;相对标准偏差(RSDs)为8.3%~11.7%(n=7)。用该方法对环境水样中的六氯苯、林丹及硫丹进行了分析,自来水、灌溉水、湖水样的平加标回收率分别为94.2%~100.4%、89.4%~99.4%和69.6%~96.3%。     

钴镍笼状双金属氢氧化物/多壁碳纳米管复合材料对环境水样中农药的高效富集北大核心CSCD

建立高效、灵敏的农药分离、富集和检测方法具有重要意义。该实验采用一步法合成了钴基沸石咪唑骨架/多壁碳纳米管(ZIF-67/MWCNTs)复合物,并以该复合物为模板通过溶剂热法合成了钴镍笼状双金属氢氧化物/多壁碳纳米管(CoNi-LDH/MWCNTs)复合材料,将CoNi-LDH/MWCNTs用作固相微萃取(SPME)的纤维涂层富集环境水样中的6种农药,结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定了环境水样中的6种农药。通过扫描电镜、能谱分析、红外光谱、粉末X射线衍射和N吸附/脱附对所制备的各种材料进行了表征。利用正交设计试验优化SPME的萃取条件,包括萃取温度、萃取时间、搅拌速率、解吸时间和盐浓度。在最优化的条件下,该方法具有较宽的线性范围(百菌清为0.015~200μg/L,戊唑醇为0.140~200μg/L,毒死蜱为0.250~200μg/L,仲丁灵为0.077~200μg/L,溴氰菊酯为1.445~200μg/L,哒螨灵为0.964~200μg/L)、较低的检出限(0.004~0.434μg/L)和良好的重复性。单个纤维和不同批次纤维间的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.5%~5.7%和0.5%~4.8%。在10.0μg/L和50.0μg/L 2个水平下的加标回收率为83.9%~108.2%,RSD<5.3%。此外,与其他涂层纤维相比,CoNi-LDH/MWCNTs涂层对农药具有更高效的富集能力,这归因于它的高比表面积以及CoNi-LDH/MWCNTs涂层与目标分析物之间存在的π-π堆积作用、疏水作用、阳离子-π相互作用和氢键作用。该方法可以实现环境水样中农药残留的高选择性、高灵敏度及高准确性的分析测定。     

石墨烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷涂层顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱联用测定环境水和果汁中菊酯农药残留

建立了石墨烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷涂层顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱在线联用测定环境水和果汁样品中6种菊酯类农药的检测方法。该涂层的萃取性能优于商用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS,Polydimethylsilane)及聚丙烯(PA,Polypropylene)涂层。对影响萃取性能的因素(如萃取温度、离子强度、萃取时间及解吸时间)依次进行了优化。在最优条件下,丙烯菊酯与联苯菊酯的线性范围为0.02~5μg/L,甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯的线性范围为0.1~20μg/L,溴氰菊酯的线性范围为0.2~20μg/L,其相关系数均高于0.99,检出限为6.8~58.2 ng/L,定量下限为18.2~154.9 ng/L。同一涂层的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)不高于9.2%,3根涂层之间的RSD为6.7%~10.8%。将该方法用于河水、鱼塘水、苹果汁和橙汁中6种菊酯残留的分析,加标回收率分别为81.6%~92.9%,82.3%~96.1%,78.2%~92.8%和79.9%~91.7%。方法简便、灵敏,能够满足环境水样及浓缩果汁样品中痕量农药残留的分析要求。     

有序介孔碳涂层纤维固相微萃取用于环境水样中苯系物的测定

本文采用直接粘合法制备了有序介孔碳涂层萃取纤维,并将其应用于水中苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯4种苯系物的固相微萃取。结果表明,所合成的介孔碳粉末孔径分布集中,比表面积和孔容分别为701.4m~2/g和0.353cm~3/g,制备得到的涂层完整、连续,与基体结合紧密。采用顶空-固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用技术对水样中的苯系物进行分析测定,结果表明:该萃取纤维具有良好的热稳定性和溶剂稳定性;在最佳萃取及检测条件下,方法线性范围为1~1 000μg/L,相关系数良好;检出限在0.086~0.088μg/L之间;同一涂层的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为2.0%~5.5%;萃取效率远远高于商用聚二甲基硅氧烷涂层(PDMS,100μm)和商用聚丙烯酸酯涂层(PA,85μm)。将此方法应用于两种实际水样的检测,没有检测到4种苯系物,在两个不同浓度的加标条件下,样品回收率均在81.0%~112.8%之间,满足实际分析要求。     

石墨烯层层键合固相微萃取纤维的制备及对多环芳烃的检测

通过3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷处理银层包裹的不锈钢纤维,得到Si-OH功能化的纤维,氧化石墨烯被层层键合到Si-OH功能化的纤维上,还原氧化石墨烯得到石墨烯层层键合的固相微萃取纤维。该方法制备的新型石墨烯层层键合的固相微萃取纤维具有制备简单,机械性能强,萃取涂层牢固,萃取能力强等优势。建立具有较宽线性范围(5~200μg/L)、较低检测限(0.007~0.09μg/L)的固相微萃取-气相色谱分析方法,用该方法测定河水和雨水中多环芳烃的含量。所制备的新型纤维重现性好、稳定性高、萃取能力强,可实现对多环芳烃的痕量检测。     

Polypyrrole/graphene composite-coated fiber for the solid-phase microextraction of phenols

A polypyrrole (Ppy)/graphene (G) composite was developed and applied as a novel coating for use in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC). The Ppy/G-coated fiber was prepared by electrochemically polymerizing pyrrole and G on a stainless-steel wire. The extraction efficiency of Ppy/G-coated fiber for five phenols was the highest compared with the fibers coated with either Ppy or Ppy/graphene oxide (GO) using the same method preparation. Significantly, compared with various commercial fibers, the extraction efficiency of Ppy/G-coated fiber is better than or comparable to 85 μm CAR/PDMS fiber (best extraction efficiency of phenol, o-cresol, and m-cresol in commercial fibers) and 85 μm polyacrylate (PA) fiber (best extraction efficiency of 2,4-dichlorophenol and p-bromophenol in commercial fibers). The effects of extraction and desorption parameters such as extraction time, stirring rate, and desorption temperature and time on the extraction/desorption efficiency were investigated and optimized. The calibration curves were linear from 10 to 1000 μg/L for o-cresol, m-cresol, p-bromophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol, and from 50 to 1000 μg/L for phenol. The detection limits were within the range 0.34-3.4 μg/L. The single fiber and fiber-to-fiber reproducibilities were <8.3 (n=7) and 13.3% (n=4), respectively. The recovery of the phenols spiked in natural water samples at 200 μg/L ranged from 74.1 to 103.9% and the relative standard deviations were <3.7%.     

基于低共熔溶剂的整体式萃取头的制备及其对湖水中3种多环芳烃的固相微萃取（英文）

采用氯化胆碱-乙二醇低共熔溶剂(DES)作致孔剂,制备了聚(甲基丙烯酸丁酯-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)[poly(BMA-EDMA)]固相微萃取头,并与超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)结合测定了湖水中的3种多环芳烃(PAHs)。实验与不使用DES致孔剂的固相微萃取头和商品化聚二甲硅氧烷(PDMS)萃取头进行比较,含DES的poly(BMA-EDMA)固相微萃取头的富集效果最好。系统考察了萃取条件(萃取时间、萃取溶剂、解吸时间、解吸溶剂及离子强度)对水样中多环芳烃萃取效率的影响。在最优的实验条件下,3种多环芳烃类化合物(萘、联苯、菲)的线性范围为0.1~6.0 mg/L(r≥0.990 3),检出限为2.1~4.9μg/L,回收率为86.4%~111.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为11.2%~15.1%。该法操作简便,稳定性好,成本低,适用于实际环境水样中多环芳烃类化合物的测定。     

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples by microwave assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection

The novel pretreatment technique, microwave-assisted heating coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction (MA-HS-SPME) has been studied for one-step in situ sample preparation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous samples before gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The PAHs evaporated into headspace with the water by microwave irradiation, and absorbed directly on a SPME fiber in the headspace. After being desorbed from the SPME fiber in the GC injection port, PAHs were analyzed by GC/FID. Parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as SPME fiber coating, adsorption temperature, microwave power and irradiation time, and desorption conditions were investigated.Experimental results indicated that extraction of 20 mL aqueous sample containing PAHs at optional pH, by microwave irradiation with effective power 145 W for 30 min (the same as the extraction time), and collection with a 65 μm PDMS/DVB fiber at 20 °C circular cooling water to control sampling temperature, resulted in the best extraction efficiency. Optimum desorption of PAHs from the SPME fiber in the GC hot injection port was achieved at 290 °C for 5 min. The method was developed using spiked water sample such as field water with a range of 0.1-200 μg/L PAHs. Detection limits varied from 0.03 to 1.0 μg/L for different PAHs based on S/N = 3 and the relative standard deviations for repeatability were <13%. A real sample was collected from the scrubber water of an incineration system. PAHs of two to three rings were measured with concentrations varied from 0.35 to 7.53 μg/L. Recovery was more than 88% and R.S.D. was less than 17%. The proposed method is a simple, rapid, and organic solvent-free procedure for determination of PAHs in wastewater.     

分散液-液微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中的多环芳烃

建立了简便、快速、有效的分散液-液微萃取-高效液相色谱-荧光检测(DLLME-HPLC-FLD)测定环境水样中15种多环芳烃(PAHs)的方法。重点探讨了萃取剂的种类和用量、分散剂的种类和用量以及萃取时间等对PAHs萃取效率的影响。在优化的条件下,评价了方法的可靠性。15种PAHs在0.01～10 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r均不小于0.9913,峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.3%～4.7%之间(n=6)。在优化条件下,富集因子和萃取回收率良好,分别为674～1032和67.4%～103.2%,15种PAHs的检出限(S/N=3)在0.0003～0.002 μg/L之间。建立的方法应用于敖江水样中PAHs的检测,平均加标回收率在79.5%～92.3%之间,RSD在4.3%～6.7%范围内(n=5)。该方法适用于环境水样中痕量PAHs的分析。     

Porous metal membranes for solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is one of the most important techniques for sample preparation, purification, concentration and cleanup. Membranes made from synthetic organic polymers, cellulose, or glass fibers are used for sample pretreatment. In this work, we report that a porous metal membrane, the metal filter in HPLC, was used as a novel kind of solid-phase extraction adsorbent material. To evaluate the performance of the porous metal membrane for the SPE, naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene and benzo(a)pyrene were selected as analytes. Several parameters that affected the extraction efficiency such as the extraction time, the concentration of NaCl, the extraction temperature and the agitation speed were optimized. The experimental result indicates that the porous metal membrane possesses high adsorption ability to the tested polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits of the developed method were in the range of 0.03-0.082 μg L(-1) (S/N = 5), and excellent linear correlations between peak area and concentration of PAHs were found over the range of 0.1-60 μg L(-1). The precisions (RSD) for five replicate extractions of the PAHs from sample solutions were in the range of 2.6-5.0%. The recoveries of the PAHs from tap water and river water samples spiked with 9 PAHs (20 μg L(-1) of each individual PAH) ranged from 83.0% to 112.5%. The porous metal membrane is durable, simple, inexpensive, reproducible and has a high adsorption ability for use in SPE of PAHs.     

Graphene oxide bonded fused-silica fiber for solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

A novel chemically bonded graphene oxide/fused-silica fiber was prepared and applied in solid-phase microextraction of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples coupled with gas chromatography. It exhibited high extraction efficiency and excellent stability. Effects of extraction time, extraction temperature, ionic strength, stirring rate and desorption conditions were investigated and optimized in our work. Detection limits to the six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were less than 0.08 μg/L, and their calibration curves were all linear (R(2)≥0.9954) in the range from 0.05 to 200 μg/L. Single fiber repeatability and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility were less than 6.13 and 15.87%, respectively. This novel fiber was then utilized to analyze two real water samples from the Yellow River and local waterworks, and the recoveries of samples spiked at 1 and 10 μg/L ranged from 84.48 to 118.24%. Compared with other coating materials, this graphene oxide-coated fiber showed many advantages: wide linear range, low detection limit, and good stability in acid, alkali, organic solutions and at high temperature.     

Quantitative determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil samples using solid‐phase microextraction

A method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil samples using ultrasonic‐assisted extraction with internal surrogates combined with solid‐phase microextraction and GC‐MS has been developed. Five kinds of commercial solid‐phase microextraction fibers, 100 μm PDMS, 30 μm PDMS, 65 μm PDMS/DVB, 50 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS and 85 μm PA, were compared to choose the optimal SPME fiber for extraction of PAHs. One hundred micrometers of PDMS fiber was found to be more suitable for the determination of PAHs due to its wider linear range, better repeatability, lower detection and more satisfactory efficacy than the other fibers. Under the recommended conditions, 100 μm PDMS fiber could provide low nanogram level detection limits with correlation coefficient greater than 0.98. The method was also applied to determine PAHs in a spiked soil sample, obtaining recoveries higher than 79.3%. A field study with naturally contaminated samples from local contaminated sites was carried out. The proposed method was found to be a reliable, inexpensive and simple preparation method for quantitative determination of 16 PAHs in soil samples.