杂多酸修饰的电极对于甲醇电氧化的促进作用

采用杂多酸修饰光滑铂电极,研究其对甲醇电催化氧化的作用,发现与未修饰光滑铂电极相比,分别经磷钨酸和硅钨酸修饰的电极上甲醇电催化氧化速率明显增加.     

甲醇在铂微粒修饰的聚硫堇电极上的电催化氧化

利用电化学循环伏安和现场ＦＴＩＲ反射光谱等技术研究了甲醇在铂微粒修饰的聚硫堇电极上的电催化氧化。结果表明，循环伏安法制备的铂微粒均匀分散于聚合物膜上，其粒径大小约为３０－１３０ｎｍ；复合修饰电极对甲醇电化学氧化呈现了较高的催化活性，其催化活性的大小依赖于Ｐｔ载量。现场ＦＴＩＲ光谱实验揭示了线性吸附的ＣＯ物种是甲醇在复合电极上氧化的唯一中间体，这种吸附的ＣＯ物种在复合修饰电极上更容易被氧化为最终产物     

新型的钛基Ni-Sn/Ti电极的制备及对甲醇氧化反应的电催化活性

利用电热法,一步制备出新型的钛基Ni-Sn/Ti电极(Ni8Sn/Ti, Ni7Sn3/Ti 和 Ni/Ti)。扫描电镜（SEM）图像表明,催化剂以片状的纳米颗粒形式沉积于钛基体上。利用电化学伏安技术、电位阶跃法和电化学交流阻抗谱（EIS）,研究了这些电极在1mol.L�1NaOH溶液中对甲醇氧化反应的电催化活性。研究表明,与Ni7Sn3/Ti,Ni/Ti以及多晶镍电极相比,Ni8Sn/Ti电极对甲醇氧化反应表现出更高的阳极氧化电流和更低的起始电位。EIS分析表明,在本文所考察的阳极电位和甲醇浓度下,Ni8Sn/Ti电极对甲醇氧化反应显示出极低的电荷传递电阻。结果表明,这种新型的钛基Ni8Sn/Ti电极对甲醇氧化反应具有极高的电催化活性。     

电化学还原氧化石墨烯/碳纳米管复合物修饰电极对尿酸的检测

研究了电化学还原氧化石墨烯(ErGO)及多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)复合物修饰电极的制备及应用,建立了一种尿酸测定的电化学分析新方法。通过滴涂法将物理超声共混的氧化石墨烯(GO)和MWNTs复合物修饰于裸电极上,随后将GO进行电化学还原制得ErGO-MWNTs复合物修饰电极。实验发现,相比于单独的ErGO修饰电极或MWNTs修饰电极,ErGO-MWNTs修饰电极具有更好的电催化活性,这归因于二者的协同电催化作用。对该电极进行尿酸检测的实验条件和参数进行了优化。在优化条件下,电极的氧化峰电流与尿酸浓度在0.13~45μmol/L内呈现出良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.99681,检出限为50 nmol/L。     

Pt及其修饰电极上甲醇吸附和氧化的CV和EQCM研究

运用电化学循环伏安和石英晶体微天平 (EQCM )研究了 0 .1mol·L- 1H2 SO4 溶液中甲醇在Pt电极和以Sb ,S不可逆吸附原子修饰的Pt(Pt/Sbad和Pt/Sad)电极上的吸附和氧化过程 .结果表明甲醇的氧化与电极表面氧物种有着极其密切的关系 .Pt电极表面Sb吸附原子能在较低的电位下吸附氧 ,可显著提高甲醇电催化氧化活性 .与Pt电极相比较 ,Sb吸附原子修饰的Pt电极使甲醇氧化的峰电位负移了 0 .13V .相反 ,Pt电极表面S吸附原子的氧化会消耗表面氧物种 ,抑制了甲醇的电氧化 .本文从表面质量变化提供了吸附原子电催化作用的新数据     

Pt/PMo12/PEDOT/GC电极的制备及其甲醇电氧化性能

将磷钼酸(PMo12)修饰到电化学聚合制得的聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩(PEDOT)(PEDOT/GC)膜表面(PMo12/PEDOT/GC),随后电沉积Pt得Pt/PMo12/PEDOT/GC电极.研究了PMo12和PEDOT对电极氧化甲醇性能的影响.结果表明,PMo12改变了电极上负载Pt的形态和结构,导致Pt纳米结构边缘产生尖锐的刺状结构.Pt/PMo12/PEDOT/GC和Pt/PEDOT/GC电极有较好的甲醇氧化电催化活性,而前者尤佳.PEDOT不仅提高甲醇氧化的电流,还使甲醇的起始氧化电位负移.进一步修饰PMo12后,可明显增大甲醇氧化的电流.     

咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体中磷钼酸掺杂聚吡咯薄膜修饰电极的制备及其电催化活性

以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(BMIMBF4)离子液体作为介质,利用电化学方法在铂电极表面制备了磷钼酸掺杂聚吡咯薄膜;采用扫描电子显微镜观察了所制备的薄膜的形貌,利用热重分析评价了其热稳定性,利用循环伏安法测定了其电化学活性和对甲醇的电催化氧化活性.结果表明,与传统的硫酸溶液相比,以BMI-MBF4离子液体作为反应介质制备的修饰电极的表面形貌更均匀,电化学活性和对甲醇的电催化氧化活性更强.     

碳纳米管负载纳米Ni修饰电极及碱液中电氧化甲醇

采用湿化学法在碳纳米管(MWCNTs)上负载Ni纳米粒子(MWCNTs-Ni),并制备MWCNTs-Ni修饰玻碳电极(MWCNTs-Ni/GCE),用X射线粉末衍射和透射电子显微镜测试技术对MWCNTs-Ni的物相和形貌进行了表征,通过循环伏安法研究了该修饰电极在碱性介质中的电化学行为以及对甲醇的电催化氧化作用。结果表明,面心立方的Ni纳米粒子均匀分散在碳纳米管表面,平均粒径约为16 nm,MWCNTs-Ni/GCE在碱性介质中的电化学行为是受扩散控制的准可逆过程,对甲醇的电催化氧化具有较高的电催化活性。     

钛基纳米多孔金电极对甲醛氧化的电催化活性

采用水热法制备了钛基纳米金微粒修饰电极(Au/Ti)。扫描电镜图表明纳米金颗粒粒径大约为300 nm,在钛基体表面构成三维多孔网状结构。运用循环伏安,电位阶跃和交流阻抗等电化学技术研究了碱性介质中甲醛在Au/Ti电极上的电氧化行为。循环伏安图显示,甲醛在Au/Ti上的起始氧化电位在-0.90 V左右,相对于多晶金电极提前大约0.2 V,交流阻抗测试表明,甲醛在Au/Ti电极上电氧化表现出低的电荷传递电阻。研究结果表明钛基纳米金微粒修饰电极对甲醛氧化具有良好的电催化活性。     

铂-氧化铈/聚苯胺/聚砜复合膜电极的制备及对甲醇的电催化氧化

采用电化学聚合法制备了掺杂CeO2纳米粒子的聚苯胺(PAN)/聚砜(PSF)复合膜电极,在其上电沉积铂粒子,制得了铂-氧化铈/聚苯胺/聚砜的复合膜修饰电极。 复合膜的形貌和化学组分通过冷场发射扫描电子显微镜（Cold FE-SEM）和能量散射X射线谱（EDS）进行了表征,用循环伏安法和电化学交流阻抗法考察了复合膜电极对甲醇的电催化氧化性能。 结果表明,复合膜的双层多孔结构使铂粒子与CeO2粒子在复合膜内层的多孔聚苯胺上均匀沉积,粒子平均尺寸约为80 nm;CeO2为铂质量的7%时,铂-氧化铈/聚苯胺/聚砜复合膜修饰电极对甲醇有很好的电催化氧化性能和高的稳定性。     

CO在铂修饰的氧化钛电极上电催化氧化行为的研究

通过阴极还原-阳极氧化法制备了Pt—TiO2／Ti电极，研究了CO在该电极上的电化学行为和电极制备条件对CO电催化氧化的影响．结果表明，与Pt电极相比．CO在Pt—TiO2／Ti电极上的氧化峰峰电位负移了100mV，并且表现出较好的稳定性．通过XPS技术对Pt—TiO2／Ti电极进行了表征．发现Pt以金属形式存在，Ti以TiO2形式存在．Pt—TiO2／Ti电极能抗CO中毒的原因可能是因为TiO2的掺杂使引起催化剂中毒的桥式吸附的CO物种在复合催化剂上的吸附率较低所致．     

铂、钌共修饰的氧化钛电极对甲醇的电催化氧化

燃料电池;铂、钌共修饰的氧化钛电极对甲醇的电催化氧化     

乙二醛在Ti/纳米TiO2-Pt修饰电极上的电催化氧化

采用溶胶-凝胶和电沉积法制备Ti基纳米TiO2-Pt(Ti/纳米TiO2-Pt)修饰电极. X射线衍射(XRD)表明纳米TiO2为锐钛矿型, 扫描电镜(SEM)显示Pt纳米粒子在纳米TiO2多孔膜的表面呈现簇分散状态, 平均粒径约25 nm. 通过循环伏安(CV)和计时电流法研究了Ti/纳米TiO2-Pt修饰电极对乙二醛直接电氧化的电催化活性, 结果表明, 修饰电极对乙二醛的直接电氧化呈现良好的催化活性, 在0.60和1.23 V(vs SCE)出现两个氧化峰, 二者电流密度分别为16 和42 mA·cm-2, 约为纯Pt电极的2倍和1.5倍, 反应过程受浓差扩散控制.     

Effect of the iridium oxide thin film on the electrochemical activity of platinum nanoparticles

The influence of the iridium oxide thin film on the electrocatalytic properties of platinum nanoparticles was investigated using the electro-oxidation of methanol and CO as a probe. The presence of the IrO(2) thin film leads to the homogeneous dispersion of Pt nanoparticles. For comparison, polycrystalline platinum and Pt nanoparticles dispersed on a Ti substrate in the absence of an IrO(2) layer (Ti/Pt) were also investigated in this study. Inverted and enhanced CO bipolar peaks were observed using an in situ electrochemical Fourier transform infrared technique during the methanol oxidation on the Pt nanoparticles dispersed on a Ti substrate. Electrochemical impedance studies showed that the charge transfer resistance was significantly lower for the Ti/IrO(2)/Pt electrode compared with that of the massive Pt and Ti/Pt nanoparticles. The presence of the IrO(2) thin film not only greatly increases the active surface area but also promotes CO oxidation at a much lower electrode potential, thus, significantly enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of Pt nanoparticles toward methanol electro-oxidation.     

Characterization of stainless steel electrode modified by a thin film of polyaniline containing pt particles and its electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation

The catalytic behavior of stainless steel (SS) electrode modified by a thin film of polyaniline (PANI) containing platinum particles was studied for electrooxidation of methanol and compared with a platinated Pt/PANI electrode in acidic aqueous solution. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, CO stripping techniques were used to investigate electrochemical properties and electrocatalytic activity of SS/PANI/Pt and Pt/PANI/Pt electrodes. The morphology and particle size of Pt catalysts were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) measurement. The effects of various parameters such as thickness of polymer film, medium temperature and stability of the modified electrodes on methanol oxidation were also investigated. The results indicated that the modified SS electrode exhibited a considerably high electrocatalytic activity on the methanol oxidation as well as the modified Pt electrode.     

Pt微粒修饰纳米纤维聚苯胺电极对甲醇氧化电催化

以脉冲电流法制备的纳米纤维状聚苯胺(PANI)为Pt催化剂载体，用它制备了甲醇阳极氧化的催化电极Pt/（nano-fibular PANI）.研究结果表明, Pt/（nano-fibular PANI）电极对甲醇氧化具有很好的电催化活性,并有协同催化作用.在相同的Pt载量条件下， Pt/（nano-fibular PANI）电极比Pt微粒修饰的颗粒状聚苯胺电极Pt/(granular PANI)具有更好的电催化活性.此外， Pt的电沉积修饰方法同样影响Pt/（nano-fibular PANI）电极对甲醇氧化的催化活性.脉冲电流法沉积Pt形成的复合电极较循环伏安法电沉积得到的Pt复合电极具有更优异的催化活性.     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol onto platinum particles decorated nanostructured poly (1,5-diaminonaphthalene) film

In this work, platinum particles decorated nanostructured poly (1,5-diaminonaphthalene) modified glassy carbon electrode (Pt/Nano-PDAN/MGCE) is prepared. The composite catalysts are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The electrochemical methanol oxidation reaction is studied at the surface of this modified electrode. At same Pt loading, the Pt/Nano-PDAN/MGCE can act as higher efficient catalyst for methanol oxidation than that Pt/MGCE. Then, the influence of some parameters such as potential scan rates, switching potential, and methanol concentration on its oxidation as well as long-term stability of the modified electrode have studied by electrochemical methods. Also, ability of the modified electrode toward electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde as an intermediate in methanol oxidation has been investigated.     

脉冲电沉积法制备Pt-TiO2 纳米管电极及其电催化性能

采用阳极氧化法在高纯钛片上原位组装TiO2纳米管阵列, 然后用脉冲电沉积方法将Pt沉积到TiO2纳米管阵列上, 制备出Pt-TiO2纳米管电极. 利用XRD和SEM对所获电极的微观结构和形貌进行表征, 结果表明, Pt纳米颗粒以花簇状分散在TiO2纳米管上, 晶粒大小约为25.6 nm. 对甲醇的电催化性能的研究结果表明, 脉冲电沉积制得的Pt-TiO2纳米管电极比TiO2纳米管电极和纯Pt片电极具有更高的电催化活性, 是Pt电极的40多倍.     

Electrodeposited Pt and Pt-Sn nanoparticles on Ti as anodes for direct methanol fuel cells

Electro-oxidation of methanol was studied on titanium supported nanocrystallite Pt and Pt_x-Sn_y catalysts prepared by electrodeposition techniques. Their electro-catalytic activities were studied in 0.5mol/L H₂SO₄ and compared to those of a smooth Pt, Pt/Pt and Pt-Sn/Pt electrodes. Platinum was deposited on Ti by galvanostatic and potentiostatic techniques. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques were applied in order to investigate the chemical composition and the phase structure of the modified electrodes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the surface morphology and to correlate the results obtained from the two electrochemical deposition methods. Results show that modified Pt/Ti electrodes prepared by the two methods have comparable performance and enhanced catalytic activity towards methanol electro-oxidation compared to Pt/Pt and smooth Pt electrodes. Steady state Tafel plots experiments show a higher rate of methanol oxidation on a Pt/Ti catalyst than that on a smooth Pt.  Introduction of a small amount of Sn deposited with Pt improves the catalytic activity and the stability of prepared electrode with time as indicated from the cyclic votlammetry and the chronoamperometric experiments. The effect of variations in the composition for binary catalysts of the type Pt_x-Sn_y/Ti towards the methanol oxidation reaction is reported. Consequently, the Pt_x-Sn_y/Ti (x∶y (8∶1), molar ratio) catalyst is a very promising one for methanol oxidation.     

乙醇在Pt/nanoTiO2-CNT复合催化剂上的电催化氧化

通过前驱体Ti(OEt)4直接水解和电化学扫描电沉积法制备在Ti基体上的纳米TiO2-碳纳米管复合膜载Pt(Pt/nanoTiO2-CNT)复合催化剂. 透射电镜 (TEM) 和X射线衍射 (XRD) 结果表明, 锐钛矿型纳米TiO2粒子和Pt纳米粒子(粒径均为5~10 nm)均匀地分散在碳纳米管表面. 通过循环伏安和计时电流法研究表明, Pt/nanoTiO2-CNT 复合催化剂(Pt载量为0.32 mg•cm−2) 具有高达51.8 m2•g−1的电化学活性比表面积, 常温常压下对乙醇的电化学氧化具有高催化活性和稳定性, 乙醇氧化峰电位分别为0.59、0.96和0.24 V, 氧化峰电流密度分别达到−115、−113和−75 mA•cm−2. 复合催化剂对乙醇电氧化的高催化活性可归因于nanoTiO2、CNT和Pt纳米粒子的协同催化作用.