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1.
综述了有机高分子抗菌剂的研究进展,分别对带有季铵盐、季鳞盐、有机锡、吡啶类、胍盐类、卤代胺类和壳聚糖衍生物类七种抗菌基团的有机高分子抗菌剂的合成及应用等方面作了评述.重点介绍了季铵盐与季鳞盐两种有机高分子抗菌剂的发展情况,对季铵盐和季鳞盐应用于抗菌剂领域的优劣进行了比较.介绍了近几年发展较快的几种有机高分子抗菌剂的制备...  相似文献   

2.
高分子吡啶季铵盐的抗菌性能及机理的探讨   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
高分子吡啶季铵盐的抗菌性能及机理的探讨;高分子抗菌剂;吡啶季铵盐;抗菌机理;杀菌  相似文献   

3.
蛋白质与电极间的直接电子交换可以为生物活体内蛋白质的电子转移机制提供模型,同时也为构筑新型的生物传感器奠定基础~([1]).层层组装技术是近年来兴起的构建蛋白质多层薄膜的方法,此技术构建生物电化学传感器主要依靠聚阳离子与生物阴离子的静电引力在电极表面形成有序的多层薄膜~([2]).周金平等将纤维素与3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基进行反应合成了一种新型的纤维素季铵盐~([3]),它是一种聚阳离子电解质.而通过pH的调节可使血红蛋白带上不同的电核~([4]).基于血红蛋白和纤维素季铵盐之间的静电引力,通过层层组装技术将血红蛋白和纤维素季铵盐逐层固定在玻碳电极表面,形成了有序排列的多层薄膜并实现了血红蛋白的直接电化学,在此基础上制备了H_2O_2无中继体电化学传感器.  相似文献   

4.
综述了季铵盐、季膦盐类高分子抗菌剂的研究进展,包括该类抗菌剂的合成、性能及抗菌机理。现有的研究结果表明,含有多种杀菌基团高分子抗菌剂的抗菌作用可能与杀菌基团的种类、杀菌基团的固载量、载体与杀菌基的结合位置、杀菌基团的分布、载体的表面亲水性能、聚合物的交联度、链结构等有关。若能在分子结构中同时有序引入季铵盐或季膦盐、海因类杀菌基团,有可能存在杀菌基团的协同效应,并且可能形成一个新的高分子抗菌材料的研究分支。  相似文献   

5.
介绍了一项涉及苦味酸吡啶季铵盐制备与性能研究的综合性实验。以吡啶、苦味酸、4-溴苄基溴和碳酸钾等为原料,合成了苦味酸-4-溴苄基吡啶季铵盐([4BrBzPy][PIC]),利用红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、电喷雾质谱、粉末X-射线衍射和单晶X-射线衍射技术进行了表征,并对其固态荧光和抗菌性能进行研究。该实验项目来源于科研,涵盖多个学科的知识点和实验操作技术,具有综合性和研究性,有利于增强学生勇于探索的创新精神,培养学生解决实际问题的能力,适用于应用化学、材料化学、材料科学与工程和制药工程等本科专业综合实验教学。  相似文献   

6.
新型有机高分子抗菌剂   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
江山  王立  俞豪杰  陈英 《高分子通报》2002,(6):57-62,F003
综述了有机高分子抗菌剂的研究进展,分别对季铵盐、季膦盐、有机锡、卤代胺、胍盐,以有壳聚糖及其衍生物类抗菌剂的合成及应用等方面作了评述。  相似文献   

7.
1,3,4-噁二唑具有抗菌,抗肿瘤,抗惊厥等生物活性~([1-6]),在药物化学方面具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值.1,3,4-噁二唑类材料具有优良的荧光性和闪烁性和优异的电子传输性能,以及特殊的稳定性和良好的耐热性,被认为是下一代显示器件中载流子输送的首选材料~([7-8]).  相似文献   

8.
双黄连注射液收载于卫生部药品标准中药成方制剂第十一册~([1]),处方中金银花、黄芩、连翘三味药性寒味苦,均具有清热解毒之功效.现代药理学研究表明,该注射液中的挥发性成分具有解热、抗菌的作用~([2]).本研究参照国家药品监督管理局颁布的中药注射剂指纹图谱研究的技术要求(暂行)~([3]),在方法学考察的基础上,对其GC指纹图谱进行了研究,建立了双黄连注射液GC标准对照谱图,并对各批次双黄连注射液的相似度进行了评价.  相似文献   

9.
聚(4-乙烯基吡啶季铵盐-丙烯酰胺)的抗菌性能与机理研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
季铵盐型阳离子聚合物具有絮凝、缓蚀与杀菌等多种功能,据此,我们通过分子设计,先将丙烯酰胺与4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)进行共聚合,然后使用季铵化试剂硫酸二甲酯使共聚物阳离子化,制备了吡啶季铵盐型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(QPAV),本文报道QPAV的抗菌性能,并探讨其抗菌机理,结果表明,吡啶季铵盐型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺具有很强的抗菌性能,且其抗菌机理是基于杀菌而不仅仅是抑菌。  相似文献   

10.
研究了硬段侧链含有氟化双季铵盐的系列聚氨酯(FQPUs)的表面性能和抗菌性能.水接触角测试和表面自由能测试结果表明,加入少量氟化双季铵盐扩链剂,可以使聚氨酯表面富集氟碳链,氟化双季铵盐聚氨酯表面自由能很低,具有很好的抗黏附性能.迁移到表面的两条氟碳链在常温下不会发生链反转,使材料的抗黏附性能得以保持.同时,使材料表面形成一层疏水层,减小材料的吸水率.XPS研究结果表明,氟碳链的—CF3位于材料的最外层,材料的次表面是具有良好杀菌性能的双季铵盐,这样形成了具有多重抗菌性能的表面.另外,XPS研究结果表明,材料表面化学结构与材料本体的微相分离结构相关.抗菌性能测试结果表明,氟化双季铵盐聚氨酯抗金黄色葡萄球菌的能力很强,对于大肠杆菌的抗菌效果有所下降,但相对于单季铵盐聚氨酯的抗菌效果有一定提高.  相似文献   

11.
采用吡啶或2-氨基吡啶与取代苄基衍生物反应获得3种苄基吡啶类季铵盐.即:溴化苄基吡啶盐([Bz—Py]Br),溴化苄基-2-氨基吡啶盐([Bz-2-NH2Py]Br)和溴化对硝基苄基吡啶盐([NO2Bzpy]Br]).通过元素分析,红外光谱和电子喷雾质谱等手段进行了组成分析和结构表征,并以绿脓杆菌和金葡萄球菌为致病菌体测定了3种盐的杀菌活性.实验结果表明,所制备的3种吡啶类季铵盐具有良好的杀菌性能.  相似文献   

12.
An efficient solvent‐free protocol for the synthesis of 14‐aryl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes from the condensation of 2‐naphthol with arylaldehydes, using acetic acid functionalized imidazolium salts (1‐carboxymethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([cmmim]Br) and 1‐carboxymethy1‐3-me-thylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate([cmmim]BF4) as reusable catalysts, has been developed. The turn over frequency on the catalysts is several times higher than the other previously reported catalysts. Also, thermal gravimetric analysis and powder X‐ray diffraction pattern of the catalysts have been studied.  相似文献   

13.
Novel antibacterial polymer coatings were prepared by a facile thiol-yne click photopolymerization of 1-propargyl-3-alkyl-1,3-diazanyl-2,4-cyclopentadiene bromide ([PAIM]Br) and tetra(3-mercapto-propionate) pentaerythritol (PETMP) (2:1 molar ratio) using 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) as initiator. The antibacterial activity of the coatings was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 292130) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) by the dynamic shake method. The evaluation results revealed the antibacterial polymer coatings exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against S. aureus and E. coli, especially for S. aureus.  相似文献   

14.
Micellization behavior of the twin-tailed surfactants can be modulated by the addition of various modifiers. Ionic liquids (ILs) are one of them and are documented here. The beauty of these environmentally benign neoteric molecules lies in their structural versatility. Here, we have investigated the effect of three ILs: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C4mim][Br]), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C6mim][Br]), and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim][Br]) on the aggregation and surface adsorption behavior of cationic gemini surfactant, bis(hexadecyldimethyl ammonium)propane dibromide (16-3-16) through experimentally measured electrical conductivities, surface tensions, and by spectral methods (UV-vis absorbance and fluorescence measurements). The main focus of the study is to observe the effect of added ILs on the critical micelle concentration (cmc), various surface parameters, aggregation number, and size of the aggregates of gemini surfactant. The results show that the more hydrophobic ILs, that is, [C6mim][Br] and [C8mim][Br] behave as electrolyte at lower concentration and cosurfactant at higher concentration, whereas moderately hydrophobic IL [C4mim][Br] acts as an electrolyte at all concentration ranges studied. The modulating effects of ILs were also compared with conventional electrolyte (NaBr) at similar conditions.  相似文献   

15.
The reaction of 3-(4-bromoacetylphenyl)-1-methylquinolin-2(1Н)-one with pyridine and 4-methylpyridine has afforded the corresponding pyridinium salts. Condensation of 4-methyl-1-{2-[4-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)phenyl]-2-oxoethyl}pyridinium bromide with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde has given a new biscyanine dye, 1-{1-[4-(1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-quinolinyl)benzoyl]-2-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]ethynyl}-4-{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethynyl}pyridinium bromide. Its electronic spectrum has been analyzed, and quantum-chemical simulation of spatial and electronic structure of its possible isomers has been performed.  相似文献   

16.
The salt 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium bromide, [((CH(3))(2)N)(2)C═NH(2)](+)Br(-) or [tmgH]Br, was found to melt at 135(5) °C, forming what may be referred to as a moderate temperature ionic liquid. The chemistry was studied and compared with the corresponding chloride compound. We present X-ray diffraction and Raman evidence to show that also the bromide salt contains dimeric ion pair "molecules" in the crystalline state and probably also in the liquid state. The structure of [tmgH]Br determined at 120(2) K was found to be monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, with a = 7.2072(14), b = 13.335(3), c = 9.378(2) ?, β =104.31(3)°, Z = 2, based on 11769 reflections, measured from θ = 2.71-28.00° on a small colorless needle crystal. Raman and IR spectra are presented and assigned. When heated, both the chloride and the bromide salts form vapor phases. The Raman spectra of the vapors are surprisingly alike, showing, for example, a characteristic strong band at 2229 cm(-1). This band was interpreted by some of us to show that the [tmgH]Cl gas phase should consist of monomeric ion pair "molecules" held together by a single N-H(+)···Cl(-) hydrogen bond, the stretching vibration of which should be causing the band, based on ab initio molecular orbital density functional theory type calculations. It is not likely that both the bromide and chloride should have identical spectra. As explanation, the formation of 1,1-dimethylcyanamide gas is proposed, by decomposition of [tmgH]X leaving dimethylammonium halogenide (X = Cl, Br). The Raman spectra of all gas phases were quite identical and fitted the calculated spectrum of dimethylcyanamide. It is concluded that monomeric ion pair "molecules" held together by single N-H(+)···X(-) hydrogen bonds probably do not exist in the vapor phase over the solids at about 200-230 °C.  相似文献   

17.
The micellization behavior of the ionic liquid lauryl isoquinolinium bromide ([C12iQuin]Br) in aqueous solution has been assessed using surface tension, electrical conductivity, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The results reveal that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and constant surfactant tension (γ cac) are lower than that of butyl isoquinolinium bromide ([C4iQuin]Br), octyl isoquinolinium bromide ([C8iQuin]Br, and lauryl pyridinium bromide ([C12Pyr]Br). 1H NMR spectra show the evidence of paralleled π-stacking of adjacent isoquinoline rings. To elucidate the effect of the ππ interactions on the aggregation process, thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of aggregation have been discussed. These parameters are evaluated from the CMC with temperature by fitting these values to expressions derived from a micellization thermodynamic model. The enthalpy–entropy compensation phenomenon has been observed in the micellization process of [C12iQuin]Br in water, and the presence of isoquinoline cations is responsible for the decrease in the ΔH mic ? , compared with [C12Pyr]Br which has the same alkyl chain and counter-ion.  相似文献   

18.
4-取代-2,6-二(羟甲基)苯酚的选择氧化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
胡跃飞  胡宏纹 《化学学报》1987,45(6):613-615
酚类由于本身容易氧化,仅在非常温和的条件下才能直接使4-取代-2,6-二(羟甲基)苯酚中的羟甲基氧化成醛基。文献报道了用活性二氧化锰可以将2,6-二(羟甲基)-4-甲基苯酚氧化成2-羟基-5-甲基-1,3-苯二甲醛,但要使两个羟甲基中只有一个被氧化却是困难的。文献报道了由芳氧基溴化镁与甲醛作用制备水杨醛类化合物的方法,并认为中间产物是邻羟甲基苯酚的镁盐,后者与甲醛之间通过负氢离子转移的分子间氧化还原反应生成相应  相似文献   

19.
利用X射线吸收精细结构光谱(XAFS)及紫外吸收光谱两种方法, 分析了离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐([BMIM]Br)中逐渐掺入1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([BMIM][BF4])时, Br-阴离子与咪唑阳离子之间氢键作用及电荷偏移量的改变. 随着[BMIM][BF4]加入量增多, Br 元素XAFS近边(XANES)显示吸收峰降低, 吸收边位置向低能端位移0.9 eV; 扩展边(EXAFS)算出径向结构显示Br 与近邻原子间平均配位数降低、平均键长增长; 紫外光谱也有明显蓝移减色效应. 这些结果都表明Br4-的掺入改变了Br-与阳离子间的电荷偏移量, 负电荷更多地转移到Br-上, 量化计算的数据同样支持该结论.  相似文献   

20.
Ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C16mim]Br was synthesized by solvent-free alkylation of N-methylimidzole with hexadecyl bromide. A large transparent single crystal of 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide monohydrate ([C16mim]Br·H2O), 4 mm in length, was firstly obtained in the water-trichloromethane-toluene growth system (Vwater'Vtrichloromethane'Vtoluene = 0.1:1:2). The crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 5.4962(15), b = 7.839(2), c = 27.279(8) A, α = 94.375, β = 91.500, γ = 101.999°, Z = 2, V = 1145.2(5) A3, C20H41BrN2O, Mr = 405.46, Dc = 1.176 Mg/m3, μ = 1.804 mm^-1, F(000) = 436, the final R = 0.0523 and wR = 0.1345. The 3D supramolecular structure is constructed through weak interactions between imidazolium cations, Br- anions and lattice water molecules. The long alkyl chain to the imidazolium ring and lattice water molecules play an important role in the self-assembly process. Moreover, it is proposed that [C16mim]Br in water has aggregation behavior and the possible self-assembled structure is the interdigitated pattern. Finally, thermal stability of [C16mim][Br]·H2O was also studied by DSC and TGA analysis.  相似文献   

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