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1.
新型气体扩散电极体系高效产H2O2的研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
以自制新型石墨/聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)气体扩散电极在无隔膜体系中进行双氧水发生工艺的优化研究, 主要探讨了不同石墨和PTFE质量比、阴极电位、pH值和氧气流速对H2O2产率的影响. 结果表明, 以石墨和PTFE质量比为2:1的气体扩散电极为阴极, 在pH=3, Na2SO4浓度为0.1 mol•L−1, 氧气流速为0.4 L•min−1, 阴极电位为−0.55 V (vs SCE)时, 2 h后H2O2可以达到60 mg•L−1. 该新型体系有较高的H2O2产率和电流效率(可达60%以上), 且pH值适用范围较广, 可望应用于水中污染物的处理.  相似文献   

2.
含偕胺肟基纤维对铬离子吸附性能的初步研究   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
本文制备了一种含胺肟基鳌合纤维,研究了纤维对六价铬吸附性能的影响因素,结果表明,纤维能将六价铬还原为三价铬,吸附量与温度、时间、溶液pH值有关,在pH值为2时,纤维对铬的吸附量最大.  相似文献   

3.
杂原子Y分子筛的二次合成及其吸附脱硫性能   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
采用液-固相同晶取代反应制备了骨架含Ga的Y型分子筛, 并对其吸附脱硫性能进行了研究. 在室温, 空速为7 h−1的条件下, 镓化Y型分子筛([Ga]AlY)处理噻吩、四氢噻吩、4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4,6-DMDBT)正壬烷溶液(硫含量500 μg•g−1), 每克吸附剂吸附硫的量分别为7.7、17.4、14.5 mg. 采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的广义梯度近似方法(GGA)计算各分子中硫原子上的电荷数, 噻吩中硫原子的电荷数为−0.159, 而4,6-DMDBT和四氢噻吩分别为−0.214、0.298. 四氢噻吩和4, 6-DMDBT中硫原子上的电子密度大于噻吩中硫原子上的电子密度, 这就使得四氢噻吩和4,6-DMDBT中的硫原子与吸附位间的作用会远大于噻吩中的硫原子与吸附位间的作用, 吸附容量必然会大很多. 采用[Ga]AlY处理抚顺石油二厂的催化裂化汽油(硫含量:299 μg•g−1), 每克吸附剂处理2.1 mL汽油时, 处理后汽油的硫含量为54.8 μg•g−1, 说明[Ga]AlY对汽油脱硫有一定的效果.  相似文献   

4.
活性炭纤维电极电解法处理墨绿B染料废水   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
将铁丝缠绕在活性炭纤维(简称ACF)上制成电极,并在阴极鼓入空气,用电解生成的Fenton试剂处理墨绿B染料模拟废水.研究了电压、pH值、温度、空气流量、支持电解质的浓度等因素对染料脱色率的影响.结果表明,pH值越低,温度越高,处理效果越好,气流量的改变对于处理效果影响不大.室温时处理浓度为50mg·L-1的活性染料墨绿B,在实验电压为11V,中性条件下,无水硫酸钠的浓度为20g·L-1,通入空气流量为60L·min-1时,处理60min,色度去除率达到95%左右.55℃时,电解30min色度去除率就达到96%,60min时达到100%.  相似文献   

5.
<正>铬在自然界普遍存在,广泛分布于土壤、岩石、大气、水体及动、植物体内。由《中国土壤环境背景值研究》[1]铬的全距分布列表可知,全国土壤中铬的环境背景值为2.2~1 209mg·kg-1,分布范围宽且背景值大。无机铬常见化合价有二价、三价及六价。其中,六价铬具有氧化性强、活性高、迁移性强[2]、易在人体内积蓄等特点,其毒性最大,对动、植物的毒性是三价铬的100倍。因此,监测土壤六价铬具有重要的现实意义。土壤中六价铬的检测标准为HJ 1082-2019《土壤和沉积物六价铬的测定碱溶液提取-火焰原子吸收分光光度法》[3],该标准方法以pH不小于11.5的碱性提取液提取土壤矿物颗粒上吸附的水溶态及可交换态的六价铬,  相似文献   

6.
在(37±2)℃下,样品经0.07mol·L~(-1)盐酸溶液于pH 1.0~1.5避光振荡提取后,用2,6-吡啶二甲酸在100℃、pH 6.8条件下与提取液中的三价铬进行衍生化反应,衍生后的溶液经过IonPac CS5A分析柱(250mm×4mm)与IonPac CG5A保护柱(50mm×4mm),将三价铬衍生物和六价铬分离,再用1,5-二苯碳酰二肼作为衍生试剂在离子色谱柱后与六价铬进行衍生化反应,用紫外-可见检测器在波长365,530nm处分别测定三价铬和六价铬。三价铬和六价铬的线性范围分别为10~500,0.1~5.0μg·L~(-1),检出限(3s)分别为10,0.1μg·L~(-1),加标回收率为80.0%~106%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)为0.52%~5.7%。  相似文献   

7.
为提高活性炭(GAC)的吸附性能,采用氢氧化镁对活性炭进行改性,制得经济高效的改性活性炭材料。利用扫描电镜、XRD对改性活性炭进行表征;通过实验确定改性活性炭的最佳制备条件:氯化镁浓度为1.0 mol·L~(-1),氢氧化钠浓度为0.5 mol·L~(-1),氢氧化钠浸泡活性炭的温度20℃;吸附酸性品红吸附时间为150 min时,改性活性炭对酸性品红的吸附量为6.16 mg·g~(-1),而原活性炭吸附量为4.12 mg·g~(-1);热力学吉布斯自由能ΔH~00和焓变ΔH~00,说明该吸附过程是吸热和自发进行的,同时考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂投加量和温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。  相似文献   

8.
乙醇在Pt/nanoTiO2-CNT复合催化剂上的电催化氧化   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
通过前驱体Ti(OEt)4直接水解和电化学扫描电沉积法制备在Ti基体上的纳米TiO2-碳纳米管复合膜载Pt(Pt/nanoTiO2-CNT)复合催化剂. 透射电镜 (TEM) 和X射线衍射 (XRD) 结果表明, 锐钛矿型纳米TiO2粒子和Pt纳米粒子(粒径均为5~10 nm)均匀地分散在碳纳米管表面. 通过循环伏安和计时电流法研究表明, Pt/nanoTiO2-CNT 复合催化剂(Pt载量为0.32 mg•cm−2) 具有高达51.8 m2•g−1的电化学活性比表面积, 常温常压下对乙醇的电化学氧化具有高催化活性和稳定性, 乙醇氧化峰电位分别为0.59、0.96和0.24 V, 氧化峰电流密度分别达到−115、−113和−75 mA•cm−2. 复合催化剂对乙醇电氧化的高催化活性可归因于nanoTiO2、CNT和Pt纳米粒子的协同催化作用.  相似文献   

9.
为提高活性炭(GAC)的吸附性能,采用氢氧化镁对活性炭进行改性,制得经济高效的改性活性炭材料。利用扫描电镜、XRD对改性活性炭进行表征;通过实验确定改性活性炭的最佳制备条件:氯化镁浓度为1.0mol·L~(-1),氢氧化钠浓度为0.5 mol·L~(-1),氢氧化钠浸泡活性炭的温度20℃;吸附酸性品红吸附时间为150min时,改性活性炭对酸性品红的吸附量为6.16 mg·g~(-1),而原活性炭吸附量为4.12 mg·g~(-1);热力学吉布斯自由能ΔH~00和焓变ΔH~00,说明该吸附过程是吸热和自发进行的。同时考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂投加量和温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。  相似文献   

10.
新型肌酐吸附剂的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以玉米淀粉和 3 ,5 二硝基苯甲酰氯为原料合成了一种新型肌酐吸附剂并采用红外光谱、元素分析、核磁共振等手段对产物化学结构进行了表征 ,考察了 3 ,5 二硝基苯甲酸淀粉酯对肌酐的静态吸附性能 ,建立了 3 ,5 二硝基苯甲酸与肌酐络合产物的结构模型 ,初步探索了 3 ,5 二硝基苯甲酸淀粉酯对肌酐吸附机理 .结果表明 ,3 ,5 二硝基苯甲酸淀粉酯对肌酐有较好的吸附性能 ,吸附在 4h内完成 ,吸附容量随 3 ,5 二硝基苯甲酸淀粉酯的取代度的增大而提高 ;在肌酐溶液浓度为 0~ 3 0 0mg·L- 1 ,吸附容量亦随肌酐浓度增大而提高 ;吸附温度从 1 9℃升高到 3 7℃时 ,吸附容量呈现降低的趋势 ;吸附容量随溶液pH值的增长呈现先增加后降低的趋势 ,在pH =8左右达到最大 ;在肌酐溶液浓度为 1 0 0mg·L- 1 、吸附温度为 3 7℃、介质pH =7的条件下 ,3 ,5 二硝基苯甲酸淀粉酯对肌酐的最大吸附量达 2 5mg·g- 1 .  相似文献   

11.
The metal anions of vanadium (V) and chromium (VI) in aqueous solution can be effectively adsorbed by Zr(IV)-impregnated collagen fiber (ZrICF). The maximum adsorption capacity of V(V) takes place within the pH range of 5.0 to 8.0, while that of Cr(VI) is within the pH range of 6.0 to 9.0. When the initial concentration of metal ions was 2.00 mmol L−1 and the temperature was 303 K, the adsorption capacity of V(V) on Zr-ICF was 1.92 mmol g−1 at pH 5.0, and the adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) was 0.53 mmol g−1 at pH 7.0. As temperature increased, the adsorption capacity of V(V) increased, while that of Cr(VI) was almost unchanged. The adsorption isotherms of the anionic species of V(V) and Cr(VI) can be fit by the Langmuir equation. The adsorption rate of V(V) follows the pseudo-first-order rate model, while the adsorption rate of Cr(VI) follows the pseudo-second-order rate model. Furthermore, ZrICF shows high adsorption selectivity to V(V) in the mixture solution of V(V) and Cr(VI). Practical applications of ZrICF could be expected in consideration of its performance in adsorption of V(V) and Cr(VI).  相似文献   

12.
The magnetic poly-(methyl acrylate-divinyl benzene) (MA-DVB) microspheres with micron size were synthesized by modified suspension polymerization method. Through stepwise reaction with methyl acrylate (MA) and ethylenediamine (EDA), the magnetic poly-(MA-DVB) microspheres with surface dendrimer containing amino groups were obtained. The above mentioned magnetic microspheres were applied for the adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution. The effects of solution pH value, adsorption temperature, and adsorption and desorption of Cr(VI) were studied. The results showed that the optimum pH value for Cr(VI) adsorption was found at pH=3, and the adsorption capacity increased with the increase in adsorption temperature. The adsorption equilibrium of Cr(VI) was obtained in about 12 min and more than 98% of adsorbed Cr(VI) were desorbed from the magnetic microspheres in about 30 min using Na(2)SO(4) solution. By fitting the experimental data to Langmuir equation, the maximum capacity for Cr(VI) of magnetic poly-(MA-DVB) microspheres was estimated at 231.8 mg/g.  相似文献   

13.
This study introduces a sensitive and simple method for selective adsorption of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from water samples prior to its determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The method utilized activated carbon modified with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (AC-TRIS) as an adsorbent. Surface properties of the new chemically modified AC-TRIS phase were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Seven metal ions, including Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI), and Fe(III) were evaluated and determined at different pH values (1.0–8.0), except for Fe(III) at pH values (1.0–4.0). Based on the results of the effect of pH on adsorption of these metal ions on AC-TRIS, Cr(VI) was selected for the study of other parameters controlling its maximum uptake on AC-TRIS under batch conditions and at the optimum pH value 1.0. The maximum static adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) onto the AC-TRIS was found to be 43.30 mg g?1 at this pH and after 1 hour contact time. The adsorption data of Cr(VI) were modeled using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. Results demonstrated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto AC-TRIS followed a pseudo second-order kinetic model. In addition, the efficiency of this methodology was confirmed by applying it to real environmental water samples.  相似文献   

14.
The adsorption of hexavalent chromium onto bone charcoal was studied as a function of time, amount of charcoal, pH, concentration of chromium and sample volume. The cross interference with other elements was also investigated. Tests were carried out with solutions of chromium(VI) at concentrations between 5 and 25 mg · L–1. Chromium removal efficiencies higher than 90% were achieved at pH = 1 using 2 g of bone charcoal and a stirring time in the order of 30 min. Acid and alkaline pretreatments of bone charcoal did not improve the sorption capacity of bone charcoal against Cr(VI). The presence of other ions had practically no influence on the chromium removal. The presence of a matrix of tannery effluents did not reduce the removal capacity of bone charcoal for Cr(VI), but it was confirmed that only 47% of Cr(III) can be removed using these conditions. Received: 20 July 1998 / Revised: 4 October 1998 / Accepted: 10 October 1998  相似文献   

15.
16.
Crosslinked chitosan-bound FeC nanoparticles (CCBFeCNP) were prepared, and the adsorptive behavior of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on CCBFeCNP were assessed. At pH 6.0–10.0, CCBFeCNP is selective towards Cr(III) but hardly selective towards Cr(VI). The retained Cr(III) is subsequently eluted with 0.5 mol L−1 HCl. Total chromium is determined after reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by ascorbic acid. A new method of flow injection using a micro-column packed with CCBFeCNP as solid phase extractant has been developed for speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water samples, followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effects of pH, sample flow rate and volume, elution solution and interfering ions on the recoveries of Cr(III) were systematically investigated. Under optimum conditions, the adsorption capacity of CCBFeCNP for Cr(III) is 10.5 mg g−1 at pH 7.5. The procedure presented was applied to chromium speciation in water samples, and the results were satisfactory.  相似文献   

17.
Real-time kinetic measurements of hexavalent chromium binding to fused silica surfaces functionalized with carboxylic acid and methyl ester terminal groups are performed in situ using resonantly enhanced surface second harmonic generation (SHG) at pH 7 and 300 K. These functional groups were chosen because of their high abundance in humic acids and related biopolymers. Kinetic measurements are conducted in the submonolayer regime using chromate solution concentrations ranging from 1 x 10(-6) to 2 x 10(-5) M. The adsorption rates were analyzed using the standard Langmuir model and the Frumkin-Fowler-Guggenheim model. The desorption kinetics are consistent with a first-order process. These results indicate that hexavalent chromium mobility in carboxylic acid- and ester-rich soil environments increases with decreasing chromate concentrations. Based on the measured half-lives of the adsorbed Cr(VI) species, remobilization of bound hexavalent chromium due to natural or anthropogenic events that lower the chromate concentration in the aqueous phase can occur within minutes.  相似文献   

18.
A natural peat has been used as an adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution. The peat was firstly characterized in terms of particle size and chemical composition (ash content, pH of the point of zero charge, FT-IR and thermal analysis). Next, the kinetic and equilibrium aspects of the adsorption of Cr(VI) by this adsorbent were studied. The kinetic data were satisfactorily fitted to a kinetic law of partial order in C equal to one. The specific adsorption rates are around 10(-4)s(-1), increasing as temperature does. A noticeable influence of diffusion on the global adsorption process has been demonstrated. Finally, the equilibrium isotherms were satisfactorily fitted to a previously proposed model. The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) was similar to some other previously reported and the affinity of Cr(VI) towards the active sites of the adsorbent increases as temperature rises.  相似文献   

19.
羧甲基化壳聚糖- Fe3O4纳米粒子的制备及对Zn2+的吸附行为   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以共沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4, 通过在颗粒表面接枝羧甲基化壳聚糖(CMC), 制备一种新型磁性纳米吸附剂, 用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)等对其进行了表征, 并考察了吸附剂对Zn2+的吸附性能. 结果表明, 制备的磁性纳米吸附剂平均粒径18 nm, 粒子中CMC的含量约5%. 该吸附剂对Zn2+吸附速率很快, 在2 min内基本达到平衡, 能有效去除Zn2+. 等温吸附数据符合Langmuir模型, 饱和吸附容量为20.4 mg&#8226;g&#8722;1, 吸附常数为0.0314 L&#8226;mg&#8722;1. 热力学计算表明吸附为放热过程, 焓变为&#8722;5.68 kJ&#8226;mol&#8722;1.  相似文献   

20.
通过循环伏安法电沉积使直径约为7 nm的Pt纳米粒子均匀地分散于多孔硅表面, 拟用作微型质子交换膜燃料电池的催化电极. 与刷涂法相比较, 电沉积Pt纳米粒子的多孔硅电极(Pt/Si)呈现出高的Pt利用率和增强的电催化活性. 当Pt载量为0.38 mg•cm−2时, 其电化学活性比表面积高达148 cm2•mg−1, 是刷涂相近质量的纳米Pt/C催化剂的多孔硅电极Pt-C/Si的2倍多;该修饰电极对甲醇氧化也呈现了增强的催化性能和好的稳定性, 在0.5 V(vs SCE)极化1 h后电流密度为4.52 mA•cm−2, 而刷涂了相近Pt量的Pt-C/Si电极的电流密度只有0.36 mA•cm−2.  相似文献   

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