镨元素对(Nd,Pr)10.5(FeCoZr)83.5B6合金显微结构和磁性能的影响

研究了稀土元素Pr对快淬(Nd1-xPrx)10.5(FeCoZr)83.5B6(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0)合金显微组织结构和粘结磁体磁性能的影响。通过部分过快淬获得由非晶和微晶共同组成的条屑,在实验优化的退火条件下晶化处理后,制备出最佳磁性能的系列粘结磁体。随Pr含量的增加,磁体的内禀矫顽力Hci单调上升,剩磁Br单调下降,(BH)m在x=0.6～0.8处达到最大值70.6kJ·m-3。Pr元素使合金非晶态的晶化转变温度和转化能降低,合金的显微组织结构变得较粗大和较不均匀,从而使快淬粘结磁体剩磁降低,但Pr2Fe14B化合物较高的磁晶各向异性场使磁体的内禀矫顽力提高。     

纳米晶复合Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe合金制备与磁性能的研究

采用熔体快淬及晶化处理工艺制备Nd11Fe71Co8V1.5Cr1B7.5纳米晶合金。经21m·s-1快淬及640℃ 4min晶化处理后,制成的粘结磁体的磁性能最佳,为:Br=0.64T,JHc=903.5kA·m-1,(BH)max=71kJ·m-3。添加Cr元素可提高内禀矫顽力,从而提高最大磁能积。     

Nd10.1Fe(83.7-x-y)CoxZryB6.2永磁材料结构和磁性能的研究

采用熔体快淬及晶化热处理工艺制备Nd10.1Fe(83.7-x-y)CoxZryB6.2纳米晶永磁材料. 在快淬速度为18 m·s-1时, 经710 ℃/4 min晶化处理后, Nd10.1Fe76Co5Zr2.7B6.2粘结磁体出现最佳磁性能, 分别为Br=0.67 T, JHc=754 kA·m-1, (BH)max=75.1 kJ·m-3. 粘结磁体的磁性能对于快淬速度非常敏感. 随着合金元素的添加, 出现最佳磁性能的快淬速度逐渐减少. 为了得到最佳磁性能, 除了选择合适的快淬速度外, 添加合适的合金元素变得非常重要.添加Zr元素抑制了亚稳相的析出以及细化了晶粒尺寸.比较不加Zr元素的Nd10.1Fe78.7Co5B6.2, 添加Zr元素晶化温度增加了9 ℃, 表明Zr元素也增加了快淬薄带的热稳定性.     

制备工艺对Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复合永磁材料组织与磁性的影响

用XRD,TEM和VSM等方法研究了快淬法制备的Pr2Fe14B/α Fe纳米复合永磁薄带的显微结构与磁性。比较了直接快淬和非晶晶化两种制备工艺对合金薄带显微结构和磁性能的影响。通过对Pr8Dy1Fe74.5Co10Nb0.5B6合金薄带高压退火,获得了Br=1.11T,Hci=816.0kA·m-1和(BH)max=188.8kJ·m-3的高性能。     

双相纳米晶永磁体的研究

Nd8 .5Fe75Co5Cu1 Nb1 Zr3B6 .5合金熔体经 18m·s- 1 快淬 ,在 670℃ / 4min退火处理后 ,制备成的粘结磁体的最佳磁性能为 :Br=0 .68T(6 8kGs) ,JHc=62 0 .3kA·m- 1 (7 8kOe) ,(BH) max=74kJ·m- 3(9 3 3MGOe)。在低Nd合金中复合添加Zr和Cu ,提高了内禀矫顽力 ,改善了磁滞回线的矩形度 ,从而提高了最大磁能积。     

非晶Nd8Fe86B6合金快速晶化过程中的组织变化与磁性能

利用高频感应加热,对熔体快淬Nd8Fe86B6非晶薄带进行了快速晶化退火,并对退火后薄带的微观组织及磁学性能进行了分析.结果表明,快速加热可使非晶带迅速晶化.加热速度强烈地影响薄带的组织和磁性能.不同的加热速度下,都有一个最佳的得到较高磁学性能的加热时间与它相配合.当加热工艺为 加热电压5 kV,加热时间10 s时,晶化后的薄带磁性能可达(BH)max=105 kJ·m-3,Br=0.93 T,Hci=258 kA·m-1.     

铌和锆对(Nd,Pr)2Fe14B/α-Fe快淬合金晶化和磁性能的影响

研究了Nb和Zr添加对快淬纳米双相(Nd,Pr)2Fe14B/α-Fe合金晶化行为和磁性能的影响. 结果表明 (Nd0.4Pr0.6)8.5Fe85.5B6合金非晶晶化时, 在α-Fe相初始晶化后, 出现了(Nd,Pr)3Fe62B14亚稳相, 最终亚稳相分解形成(Nd,Pr)2Fe14B和α-Fe两相组织; (Nd0.4Pr0.6)8.5Fe84.5Nb0.5Zr0.5B6非晶晶化时, 同时析出α-Fe相和(Nd,Pr)2Fe14B相. 这说明添加Nb和Zr可避免亚稳相的形成并细化晶粒, 最大磁能积(BH)max从复合添加前的107.5上升到143.6 kJ·m-3. 而且, Nb和Zr原子在非晶晶化过程中可以部分取代Nd和Pr的晶位, 使稀土原子可以参与形成更多的硬磁相, 进一步提高了内禀矫顽力iHc. 合金(Nd0.4Pr0.6)8.5Fe84.5Zr0.5Nb0.5 B6经690 ℃退火10 min后磁性能最优, Br=1.10 T, iHc=534.2 kA·m-1, (BH)max=143.6 kJ·m-3.     

磁粉粒度对烧结Sm(Co0.72Fe0.15Cu0.1Zr0.03)7.5的磁性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备烧结Sm(Co0.72Fe0.15Cu0.1Zr0.03)7.5,研究磁粉粒度对磁体磁性能的影响.结果表明,增加球磨时间将细化磁粉粒度,提高磁粉的比表面积,有利于降低磁体的烧结温度.球磨5,7,9,11 h的磁粉的最佳烧结温度分别为1225,1225,1215,1215 ℃.磁粉球磨9 h,烧结温度为1215 ℃条件下制备的磁体的综合磁性能最优剩磁Br=0.94 T,感应矫顽力Hcb=708.4 kA·m-1,最大磁能积(BH)max=171.9 kJ·m-3,内禀矫顽力Hci=2276.6 kA·m-1;温度稳定性良好,长径比为0.7的磁体经550 ℃老化2 h后的磁通不可逆损失低于5%,有望应用于550 ℃环境中.     

稀土含量对快淬(Nd,Pr)x(FeCoZr)94-xB6粘结磁体磁性能的影响

采用工艺参数范围较宽的部分过快淬加晶化退火工艺，制备了快淬(Nd0．8Pr0.2)x(FeCoZr)94-xB6(x=12．0，10．5，10．0，9．0)粘结磁体，研究了稀土含量对磁体磁性能的影响规律。部分过快淬获得的由非晶和微晶共同组成的条屑，在实验优化的退火条件下晶化处理后，可获得最佳磁性能。稀土含量直接决定磁体的磁性能，随稀土含量的减少，磁体的剩磁Br增加，而内禀矫顽力Hti和最大磁能积(BH)m下降，10％是磁体磁性能发生较大变化的临界稀土含量。低于这一含量，合金中软磁相体积分数超出软磁相被完全耦合的临界值，Br增加缓慢，Hci和(BH)m迅速下降。这一实验结果与本文提出的完全耦合软磁相体积分数示意模型的计算结果相一致。     

热处理对非晶态合金Nd_9(FeCoZrAl)_(85)B_6磁性能的影响

采用XRD等方法研究了单辊急冷法制备的低钕含量的快淬Nd9(FeCoZrAl) 85 B6 非晶态合金在不同热处理工艺下的相组成、晶粒尺寸大小及其磁性能变化规律。热处理工艺对Nd2 Fe1 4 B相和α Fe相析出、晶粒尺寸大小和合金的磁性能具有明显影响。当热处理温度较低时 ,Nd2 Fe1 4 B相析出不充分 ,并出现不均匀长大 ,其晶粒尺寸反而较大 ;当热处理温度过高时 ,Nd2 Fe1 4 B相虽然析出充分 ,但其晶粒尺寸也明显长大 ;只有当热处理温度适中 ( 685℃ /3 0min) ,既可保证Nd2 Fe1 4 B相析出充分 ,又不至于明显长大 ,才能使Nd2 Fe1 4 B相和α Fe相、Nd2 Fe1 4 B相和Nd2 Fe1 4 B相晶粒间的磁耦合效应达到最佳 ,从而增大剩磁 ,使该合金的磁性能也达到最佳 ,制得的粘结磁体性能 :剩磁Br=65 5mT ,内禀矫顽力jHc=64 4 3kA·m- 1 ,矫顽力bHc=3 79 0kA·m- 1 ,最大磁能积 (BH) m=65 68kJ·m- 3。     

OH(3) (-) and O(2)H(5) (-) double Rydberg anions: predictions and comparisons with NH(4) (-) and N(2)H(7) (-)

A low barrier in the reaction pathway between the double Rydberg isomer of OH(3) (-) and a hydride-water complex indicates that the former species is more difficult to isolate and characterize through anion photoelectron spectroscopy than the well known double Rydberg anion (DRA), tetrahedral NH(4) (-). Electron propagator calculations of vertical electron detachment energies (VEDEs) and isosurface plots of the electron localization function disclose that the transition state's electronic structure more closely resembles that of the DRA than that of the hydride-water complex. Possible stabilization of the OH(3) (-) DRA through hydrogen bonding or ion-dipole interactions is examined through calculations on O(2)H(5) (-) species. Three O(2)H(5) (-) minima with H(-)(H(2)O)(2), hydrogen-bridged, and DRA-molecule structures resemble previously discovered N(2)H(7) (-) species and have well separated VEDEs that may be observable in anion photoelectron spectra.     

Bis(trifluoroacetyl) peroxide, CF(3)C(O)OOC(O)CF(3)

Pure, highly explosive CF(3)C(O)OOC(O)CF(3) is prepared for the first time by low-temperature reaction between CF(3)C(O)Cl and Na(2)O(2). At room temperature CF(3)C(O)OOC(O)CF(3) is stable for days in the liquid or gaseous state. The melting point is -37.5 degrees C, and the boiling point is extrapolated to 44 degrees C from the vapor pressure curve log p = -1875/T + 8.92 (p/mbar, T/K). Above room temperature the first-order unimolecular decay into C(2)F(6) + CO(2) occurs with an activation energy of 129 kJ mol(-1). CF(3)C(O)OOC(O)CF(3) is a clean source for CF(3) radicals as demonstrated by matrix-isolation experiments. The pure compound is characterized by NMR, vibrational, and UV spectroscopy. The geometric structure is determined by gas electron diffraction and quantum chemical calculations (HF, B3PW91, B3LYP, and MP2 with 6-31G basis sets). The molecule possesses syn-syn conformation (both C=O bonds synperiplanar to the O-O bond) with O-O = 1.426(10) A and dihedral angle phi(C-O-O-C) = 86.5(32) degrees. The density functional calculations reproduce the experimental structure very well.     

Syntheses and structures of the infinite chain compounds Cs(4)Ti(3)Se(13), Rb(4)Ti(3)S(14), Cs(4)Ti(3)S(14), Rb(4)Hf(3)S(14), Rb(4)Zr(3)Se(14), Cs(4)Zr(3)Se(14), and Cs(4)Hf(3)Se(14)

The alkali metal/group 4 metal/polychalcogenides Cs(4)Ti(3)Se(13), Rb(4)Ti(3)S(14), Cs(4)Ti(3)S(14), Rb(4)Hf(3)S(14), Rb(4)Zr(3)Se(14), Cs(4)Zr(3)Se(14), and Cs(4)Hf(3)Se(14) have been synthesized by means of the reactive flux method at 823 or 873 K. Cs(4)Ti(3)Se(13) crystallizes in a new structure type in space group C(2)(2)-P2(1) with eight formula units in a monoclinic cell at T = 153 K of dimensions a = 10.2524(6) A, b = 32.468(2) A, c = 14.6747(8) A, beta = 100.008(1) degrees. Cs(4)Ti(3)Se(13) is composed of four independent one-dimensional [Ti(3)Se(13)(4-)] chains separated by Cs(+) cations. These chains adopt hexagonal closest packing along the [100] direction. The [Ti(3)Se(13)(4-)] chains are built from the face- and edge-sharing of pentagonal pyramids and pentagonal bipyramids. Formal oxidation states cannot be assigned in Cs(4)Ti(3)Se(13). The compounds Rb(4)Ti(3)S(14), Cs(4)Ti(3)S(14), Rb(4)Hf(3)S(14), Rb(4)Zr(3)Se(14), Cs(4)Zr(3)Se(14), and Cs(4)Hf(3)Se(14) crystallize in the K(4)Ti(3)S(14) structure type with four formula units in space group C(2)(h)()(6)-C2/c of the monoclinic system at T = 153 K in cells of dimensions a = 21.085(1) A, b = 8.1169(5) A, c = 13.1992(8) A, beta = 112.835(1) degrees for Rb(4)Ti(3)S(14);a = 21.329(3) A, b = 8.415(1) A, c = 13.678(2) A, beta = 113.801(2) degrees for Cs(4)Ti(3)S(14); a = 21.643(2) A, b = 8.1848(8) A, c = 13.331(1) A, beta = 111.762(2) degrees for Rb(4)Hf(3)S(14); a = 22.605(7) A, b = 8.552(3) A, c = 13.880(4) A, beta = 110.919(9) degrees for Rb(4)Zr(3)Se(14); a = 22.826(5) A, b = 8.841(2) A, c = 14.278(3) A, beta = 111.456(4) degrees for Cs(4)Zr(3)Se(14); and a = 22.758(5) A, b = 8.844(2) A, c = 14.276(3) A, beta = 111.88(3) degrees for Cs(4)Hf(3)Se(14). These A(4)M(3)Q(14) compounds (A = alkali metal; M = group 4 metal; Q = chalcogen) contain hexagonally closest-packed [M(3)Q(14)(4-)] chains that run in the [101] direction and are separated by A(+) cations. Each [M(3)Q(14)(4-)] chain is built from a [M(3)Q(14)] unit that consists of two MQ(7) pentagonal bipyramids or one distorted MQ(8) bicapped octahedron bonded together by edge- or face-sharing. Each [M(3)Q(14)] unit contains six Q(2)(2-) dimers, with Q-Q distances in the normal single-bond range 2.0616(9)-2.095(2) A for S-S and 2.367(1)-2.391(2) A for Se-Se. The A(4)M(3)Q(14) compounds can be formulated as (A(+))(4)(M(4+))(3)(Q(2)(2-))(6)(Q(2-))(2).     

Mixed ligand titanium(IV) complexes. Chlorobis(dithiocarbamato)bis(methylsalicylato)titanium(IV) andbis(dithiocarbamato)bis(methylsalicylato)titanium(IV)

Summary Dichlorobis(methylsalicylato)titanium(IV) reacts with potassium or amine salts of dialkyl or diaryl dithiocarbamates in 11 and 12 molar ratios in anhydrous benzene (room temperature) or in boiling CH₂Cl₂ to yield mixed ligand complexes: (AcOC₆H₄O)₂ Ti(S₂CNR₂)Cl (1) and (AcOC₆H₄O)₂ Ti(S₂CNR₂)₂ (2), R=Et, n-Pr, n-Bu, cyclo-C₄H₈ and cyclo-C₅H₁₀. These compounds are moisture sensitive and highly soluble in polar solvents. Molecular weight measurement in conjunction with i.r.,¹H and¹³C n.m.r. spectral studies suggest coordination number 7 and 8 around titanium(IV) in (1) and (2) respectively.