二氧化钛的尺寸与光催化活性的关系

采用溶胶－凝胶法控制制备了晶粒尺寸从１０ｎｍ到８０ｎｍ的二氧化钛纳米半导体．用光催化降解苯酚作为模型反应，结合ＸＲＤ，ＤＲＳ，ＦＳ等表征手段，研究了纳米ＴｉＯ２的制备条件与其晶粒尺寸和相结构的关系，探讨了纳米ＴｉＯ２尺寸效应对其光催化活性的影响．发现当晶粒尺寸小于１６ｎｍ时，二氧化钛半导体具有了明显的尺寸量子效应．尺寸量子效应对提高ＴｉＯ２光催化降解苯酚的催化活性起了极为重要的作用．     

氟离子掺杂和吸附对二氧化钛光催化活性的影响

已有文献报道,在二氧化钛的体相和表面分别掺杂和吸附氟离子,都能加快水中有机化合物的光催化降解.前者归结于表面形成的三价钛离子促进光生载流子分离,后者归结于双电层中的氟离子促进羟基自由基脱附.但是,有关它们之间的活性差异未见有文献报道.本文采用水热法,以钛酸丁酯和氟化铵为原料,合成出具有不同氟离子掺杂量的光催化剂.通过苯酚降解反应,研究氟化钠和硝酸银外部加入对这些催化剂光催化性能的影响.结果表明:无论是处于二氧化钛的体相,还是处于二氧化钛的双电层外层和内层,这些氟离子都能促进苯酚的光催化降解.但是,它们的相对活性依次降低.此外,在催化剂的水悬浮液中,同时加入硝酸银和氟化钠,能进一步加快苯酚的光催化降解,且该反应的速率远远大于单独加入氟化钠或硝酸银时的速率总和.这说明将导带电子的还原过程和价带空穴的氧化过程耦合起来,是提高二氧化钛光催化量子效率的有效途径.     

TiO2负载膜的制备、表征及光催化性能

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了ＴｉＯ２纳米浸渍 法将其负载于颗粒形活性炭的表面制成ＴｉＯ２负载,利用ＳＥＭ,ＥＤＳ和ＸＲＤ等手段对膜的形貌、均匀性及晶型等进行了表征,并通过甲基橙水溶液的光催化降解反应考察了该负载膜的光催化活性。     

硅胶负载氯掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂的水热制备与光催化活性评价

利用水热法, 以硅胶为载体, 以Ti(SO4)2为钛源, NaCl为氯源制备了具有良好性能的硅胶负载氯掺杂二氧化钛(CTS)光催化剂, 考察了氯投加量、焙烧温度及钛硅比对光催化活性的影响. 结果表明, 氯投加量为15% (nCl/nTi)、钛硅物质的量比为3:1、焙烧温度为750 ℃时制备的CTS具有最佳的光催化活性, 其比表面积为60.8 m2·g-1. CTS中的硅胶除了作为载体, 还起到了促进锐钛矿二氧化钛的生成并抑制其向金红石相转变的作用; 氯掺杂二氧化钛(CT)经硅胶负载后, 其表面孔结构发生了变化, 并且热稳定性增加. 苯酚降解实验表明, 与CT相比, CTS以0.7740 g·g-1的二氧化钛含量具有更高的光催化活性.     

SBA－15的二氧化钛改性及其光催化降解对氯苯酚

在“后合成”法在介孔二氧化硅SBA－15的孔壁表面键接了二氧化钛,并对其 结构进行了表征。改性后的SBA－15保持了规则的介孔结构,并在孔壁表面形成了 类似于锐钛型二氧化钛的Ti-O-Ti网络结构。光催化降解对氯苯酚的结果表明,经 过两次二氧化钛键接的样品表现出较高的光催化效率。但是由于对酚、醌等中间产 物的强烈吸附以及孔道中反应物质的扩散速度慢,使得其光催化活性略低于纯的锐 钛型二氧化钛。     

银修饰的二氧化钛多孔微管的制备、表征及光催化活性

在冰乙酸存在条件下, 以四氯化钛水解法制备了具有锐钛矿晶型结构的二氧化钛多孔微管, 并用化学沉积法对其进行修饰, 得到银修饰的二氧化钛多孔微管. 采用XRD, TG-DTA, SEM, TEM, XPS及氮吸附等手段对其进行了表征. 氮吸附的结果显示该样品具有很高的比表面积, 银的修饰没有显著影响二氧化钛微管的孔结构; XRD的表征结果显示, 银修饰的二氧化钛多孔微管具有良好的锐钛矿晶型; XPS的分析结果表明银以游离的金属态存在; TEM的观测结果显示, 银团簇沉积于二氧化钛纳米晶粒的表面. 降解苯酚的光催化活性测试显示出银的修饰对二氧化钛的光催化活性有显著的提高作用, 其中含银2.0%的样品活性最高.     

聚乙二醇对纳米二氧化钛性质和应用的影响

二氧化钛纳米晶光催化材料是近年来发展起来的新型环境友好材料,国内外研究者在利用二氧化钛纳米晶光催化降解苯酚、氯酚、甲醛等污染物方面做了大量的研究工作。研究表明TiO2的3种晶型,锐钛矿型、金红石型和板钛矿型中,有光催化作用的主要是锐钛型和金红石型,其晶型和晶粒大小     

共沉淀法制备氧化硅改性的纳米二氧化钛及其性质

采用共沉淀法合成了氧化硅改性的具有高比表面积的纳米二氧化钛.氧化硅的添加提高了二氧化钛纳米颗粒的热稳定性能,有效地抑制了纳米二氧化钛的颗粒增长、团聚和锐钛向金红石的晶型转换.光催化降解亚甲基蓝证明,样品具有较高的光催化活性,而且随着氧化硅添加量的增加,光催化活性提高.     

不同胺介质中一步合成具有可见光响应的TiO2

 以TiCl3为钛源,在140 ℃下采用溶剂热法在不同有机胺体系中一步合成二氧化钛晶体. 采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见吸收光谱、元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱以及X射线光电子能谱对所得粉体进行了表征. 结果表明,该方法制备的二氧化钛晶体吸收带边明显红移至可见光区,其中,在乙二胺体系中制备的二氧化钛晶体对可见光的吸收明显优于三乙胺和二乙胺体系. 在乙二胺体系中制备的二氧化钛对可见光响应的原因可归结为部分氮原子取代氧原子进入了二氧化钛晶体结构中. 苯酚的光催化降解实验表明,该掺氮型二氧化钛在可见光照射下具有较好的光催化活性.     

水中硝基酚的纳米TiO_2光催化降解

以主波长254nm的紫外灯作为光源，研究了锐钛型纳米TiO2对邻硝基苯酚、2，4－二硝基苯酚的光催化降解行为，并与普通TiO2作了对比；结果表明，纳米TiO2表现出很高的光催化活性，催化降解过程符合一级动力学规律。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.