反应器型式对甲烷低温等离子体转化制C2烃的影响

就不同反应器对甲烷常压低温等离子体转化制C2烃的影响进行了研究。结果表明，相同的甲烷停留时间和相同甲烷流率下，反应器A和B中反应的主要产物是乙炔，乙烯和乙烷的含量较少，积炭量较多；而反应器C和D中反应的主要产物为乙烷和丙烷，乙烯和乙炔含量较少，积炭量很少。反应积炭对反应器A中甲烷转化率影响很大，对于产物选择性影响不大，而对反应器C中的反应影响较小。根据产物分布可知，在反应器A和B中，由于电子具有很高的能量和密度，甲烷主要解离为碳原子；而在反应器C及D中，由于电子能量和密度较低，甲烷主要解离为CH3自由基。     

烟煤快速加氢热解的研究Ⅰ．气氛影响的考察

在气流床快速热解装置上，系统地研究了内蒙东胜烟煤在氢气和氮气气氛中的快速热解行为。结果表明：在常压、７００℃，煤在氢气氛中快速热解获得的液态烃的产率达２．６％，比在氮气氛中提高了８０％，在６．０ＭＰａ的压力下，在氢气氛中的液态烃的产率是氮气氛的１７倍；在常压、８００℃时，在氢气氛中热解获得的甲烷产率达８．０％，比在同条件的氮气氛中提高了２．５倍，６．０ＭＰａ、７００℃时，在氢气氛中的甲烷产率是氮气氛的５．３倍。烟煤在氢气氛中快速热解更有利于获取三苯（苯，甲苯，二甲苯）、三酚（苯酚，甲酚，二甲酚）和甲烷     

一氧化碳和甲烷在微波等离子体下直接转化成低碳烃(英文)

本文报道了微波等离子体下（２．４５ＧＨｚ）一氧化碳和甲烷直接转化成低碳烃的一种新方法。研究了影响产物分布的几个因素：微波输入功率、反应物比例及体系压力。乙炔和乙烷是主要有机产物。随着微波输入功率的增加和体系压力或ＣＨ４／ＣＯ比例的降低，乙炔含量增加，乙烷含量减少。反应中有少量乙烯和Ｃ３烃生成。没有检测到Ｃ４及含氧有机化合物。     

用气相色谱仪测定变压器油中气体

本文采用多柱自动切换气相色谱仪和真空全脱气装置对变压器和互感器用油中的气体进行了系统的分析，除可测定油中的氢、甲烷、乙炔、乙烯、乙烷、二氧化碳和一氧化碳等气体外，还可根据不同需要测定氮、氧以及Ｃ３和Ｃ４烃的含量。本方法已用于诊断变压器和互感器内部变化及故障。     

射流在等离子体法天然气制乙炔工艺自动色谱分析上的应用

在等离子体法天然气制乙炔的工艺过程中,要求分析天然气经等离子流裂解所得裂化气中的乙炔、乙烯、氮和残余甲烷以及稀乙炔中的甲基乙炔、乙烯基乙炔和二乙炔(我们统称高乙炔)。将射流技术应用于上述两种气体的色谱分析,以实现自动取样、自动进样、自动更换取样点、自动更换色谱柱、自动更换鉴定系统、仪器的自动调零以及热导池作鉴定器时甲烷、乙烯、乙炔出峰讯号的自动衰减。Robert L.Wade等用样品作射流元件的气源,     

正压、低温脉冲微波等离子体裂解天然气直接转化 制C2烃的研究

利用脉冲微波强化、扩展丝光等离子体反应装置,在常压和正压条件下,对低温脉冲微波等离子体裂解甲烷和氢气混合气制C2烃的反应进行了研究。考察了压力、微波功率、脉冲通/断时间以及氢气/甲烷比例、流量等参数对反应的影响。结果表明,在脉冲微波的作用下,常规高压放电形成的在空间呈非连续分布的丝状等离子体被强化和扩展成为连续分布的伞状等离子体,等离子体利用率和活性均得以大幅度提高;利用这种低温等离子体可以获得高的甲烷转化率,而且产物纯净,只有乙烯和乙炔;通过改变压力,还可能调节产物中C2H2/C2H4的物质的量比值,当气体总流量为300mL/min、物质的量比n(H2)/n(CH4)=2:1、压力为0.13MPa、微波峰值功率为120W、脉冲通/断比=400/400ms时,甲烷转化率可达59.2%,C2烃单程收率可达52%,其中乙炔单程收率达42.7%。     

脉冲电晕放电下的甲烷氧化偶联反应(英文)

研究了在常温,常压及惰性气体稀释的条件下,用脉冲电晕放电进行的甲烷氧化偶联（OCM）反应。在各种实验条件下,产物CZ烃由一6o／o乙烯,－70rk乙烷和一87％乙炔组成。甲烷的转化率及CZ烃的生成速率依赖于反应气中甲烷与氧气的比值,它们的流速及直流电源的电压等n通过调节这些实验条件,甲烷转化为C4烃的转化率可得到优化,在45kV高压,30ml。／min的流速下（反应气体组成为95％CHn与50／0O2）,CZ烃的最高选择性可达85O／O。当反应气体组成为80％CH4和20O／oOZ时,甲烷的最高转化率达23％。在间歇式反应器中,甲烷转化率随反应时间增长而提高,反应75分钟时甲烷转化率达7lO／O,而CZ烃的产物分布,尤其是乙炔的含量随反应时间增长而明显降低,这些实验结果支持了文献中提出的ZCH4～CZH6—CZH4～CZHZ～CO／COZ反应历程。     

微波激发甲烷气相裂解

乙炔、乙烯是重要的有机合成原料,利用甲烷生产乙炔、乙烯一直受到人们的关注。近年来已有用激光裂解甲烷得到乙炔的报道,但激光器价格昂贵,消耗电能也较高。我们对微波激发甲烷裂解反应的静态体系进行了实验研究,用自制的反应系统与检测质谱仪联机,测得气相裂解反应主要产物为乙炔、乙烯,其中乙炔含量可达66％。通过对产物组成与气体初始压力、激发时间,微波功率关系的研究,找到最佳实验条件。本方     

脉冲电晕等离子体作用下甲烷“超平衡”转化制乙炔和氢

常温常压下将脉冲电晕等离子体作用于纯甲烷时, 其产物主要是乙炔和H₂. 当能量密度范围为194~1788 kJ/mol时, 可同时获得7%~30%的乙炔单程收率和6%~35%的H2单程收率. 该结果分别高于100 kPa, 1100 K温度下乙炔和H₂的热力学平衡收率(分别为5.1%和3.8%), 故脉冲电晕等离子体是在常温常压下实现甲烷“超平衡”转化制乙炔和氢的一种十分有效的手段. 在339~822 kJ/mol能量密度范围内, 脉冲电晕等离子体作用下纯甲烷转化产物的碳分布中, 乙炔占86%~89%, 乙烷和乙烯各仅占4%~6%, C₃约占2%, C₄约占1%. 将之与相同条件下纯乙烷、纯乙烯转化产物的碳分布比较可推知, 脉冲电晕等离子体作用下甲烷分子与荷能电子碰撞形成CH_x自由基后并行存在着三条形成乙炔的途径: 其一为直接形成乙炔; 其二为经初级产物乙烯脱氢形成乙炔; 其三为经初级产物乙烷脱氢形成次级产物乙烯再至乙炔.     

催化裂化干气与苯烷基化催化蒸馏制乙苯反应网络热力学研究

 高温气相反应条件下的催化裂化干气制乙苯过程中，容易生成甲苯和二甲苯等副产物；在该过程中采用催化蒸馏技术，使苯与乙烯在低温条件下进行反应，可大幅度降低产品中二甲苯的含量．通过对催化裂化干气与苯烷基化催化精馏过程中的各反应步骤进行分析与热力学计算，结合反应的实际产物组成，提出了苯与乙烯烷基化的反应网络，探讨了苯与乙烯烷基化反应过程中甲苯和二甲苯的形成机理及影响因素．结果表明，增大苯／乙烯比对提高乙烯平衡转化率及乙苯收率有利；在较低温度下进行烷基化反应，可大大减缓C－C键裂解速度，抑制甲苯和二甲苯生成，提高乙苯产品质量．     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.