新型催化剂载体材料—镁铝复合氧化物的制备及其物理化学性质

以ＮａＯＨ，Ｎａ２ＣＯ３混合或以ＮＨ４ＯＨ，（ＮＨ４）２ＣＯ３混合液为沉淀制备了Ｍｇ／Ａｌ＝３－６．７的Ｍｇ－Ａｌ为滑石。将水滑石在５００－６００℃下焙烧制得了具有与Ｍｇｏ相同的晶体结构的Ｍｇ（Ａｌ）Ｌ复合氧化物，它们的比表面积大于或接近γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，而且具有良好的热稳定性。     

钠化合物洗提钨及混合洗提中共存反离子的加速效应

研究了在季胺Ⅰ型强碱性阴离子交换树脂上用ＮａＯＨ、ＮａＮＯ３、ＮａＣｌ和ＮＨ４Ｃｌ洗提及洗提后的吸附特性。给出了洗提曲线、穿透曲线和工作交换容量。采用ＮａＣｌ和ＮａＯＨ混合洗提的工艺，获得了钨浓度高而过剩洗提剂含量低的洗出液。为由洗出液蒸发结晶制取高纯Ｎａ２ＷＯ４·２Ｈ２Ｏ开辟了途径。混合洗提的宏观结果表明：由于反离子的存在，Ｃｌ－、ＯＨ－和在溶液相或交换剂中的扩散系数发生改变，→Ｃｌ－及→ＯＨ－的交换速度加快了。     

溶胶-凝胶制备技术与新型催化材料Ⅲ.溶胶粒子表面修饰方法制备催化膜

提出用溶胶粒子表面修饰方法，结合溶胶－凝胶技术制备无机催化膜，该方法的基本原理是利用合适的金属配合物在胶粒表面吸附作用，经溶胶－凝胶过程，将活性组分结合到无机膜中，实验测定结果表明：（ＮｉＥＤＴＡ）＾２－，ＶＯ＾－３，ＭｏＯ＾２－４，（Ｐｄ（ＮＨ３）４＾２＋，ＰｄＣｌ＾２－４，ＰｔＣｌ＾２－６和ＲｈＣｌ＾３－６可用来修饰ＡｌＯＯＨ溶胶，以Ｐｄ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化膜的制备为例，经三次溶胶－凝胶过程，     

溶胶-凝胶制备技术与新型催化材料Ⅲ.溶胶粒子表面修饰方法制备催化膜

提出用溶胶粒子表面修饰方法，结合溶胶凝胶技术制备无机催化膜．该方法的基本原理是利用合适的金属配合物在胶粒表面的吸附作用，经溶胶凝胶过程，将活性组分结合到无机膜中．实验测定结果表明：（ＮｉＥＤＴＡ）２－，ＶＯ－３，ＭｏＯ２－４，（Ｐｄ（ＮＨ３）４）２＋，ＰｄＣｌ２－４，ＰｔＣｌ２－６和ＲｈＣｌ３－６可用来修饰ＡｌＯＯＨ溶胶．以Ｐｄ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化膜的制备为例，经三次溶胶凝胶过程，可制得无裂缺的厚度为９μｍ的Ｐｄ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化膜，膜材料的平均孔直径为６ｎｍ，Ｐｄ被均匀地分布在膜的顶层，其平均粒径为２３ｎｍ．     

甲烷二氧化碳重整制合成气的镍基催化剂性能Ⅱ.碱性助剂的作用

考察了碱性助剂Ｋ２Ｏ，Ｌｉ２Ｏ，ＭｇＯ，Ｌａ２Ｏ３与ＣｅＯ２对Ｎｉ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上ＣＨ４－ＣＯ２重整反应活性和抗积炭能力等方面的影响，结果表明，这些助剂对催化剂的抗积炭能力都有明显的改善作用，ＣＨ４－ＣＯ２重整活性不同温度范围内也有不同程度的提高，其中，ＭｇＯ，Ｌａ２Ｏ３和ＣｅＯ２助剂的作用明显，但与添加顺序有关，先浸Ｎｉ后浸Ｍｇ制备的催化剂有较高的ＣＨ４转化率，但抗积炭能力远不如先浸Ｍｇ     

MgB_4O_7－MgSO_4－MgCl_2－H_2O及次级体系298．15K时稀释热、热容和表观摩尔焓的研究

本文研究了含硼四元水盐体系ＭｇＢ４Ｏ７－ＭｇＯ４－ＭｇＣｌ２－Ｈ２Ｏ及次级体系ＭｇＢ４Ｏ７－ＭｇＳＯ４－Ｈ２Ｏ和ＭｇＢ４Ｏ７－ＭｇＣｌ２－Ｈ２Ｏ在２９８．１５Ｋ时不同离子强度下的稀释热和热容，并将Ｄｅｂｙｅ－Ｈｕｃｋｅｌ极限公式应用到多元电解质稀溶液中，获得从高离子强度到低离子强度Ｉ为１９－０．０００１范围内的相对表观摩尔焓．     

笼形聚偕胺肟树脂的研究HX／ACAO树脂吸附贵金属

氢卤酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸和硼酸处理的笼形聚偕胺肟树脂（ＨＸ／Ａ－ＣＡＯ）对Ａｇ＋和等贵金属离子的吸附能力按如下顺序：ＰｄＣｌ４２－：Ｈ３ＢＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＢＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＰＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＩ／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＣｌ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＮＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＦ／ＡＣＡＯ．ＩｒＣｌ６２－：ＢＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＰＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＢＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＣｌ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＦ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＩ／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ≥ＨＮＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ．ＰｔＣｌ６２：ＢＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＢＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＮＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＣｌ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＦ／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＰＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＩ／ＡＣＡＯ．Ａｇ＋：ＢＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＢＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＩ／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＦ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＣｌ／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＰＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＮＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ．ＡｕＣｌ４－：ＢＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＢＯ３＞Ｈ３ＰＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＦ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＣｌ／Ａ－ＣＡＯ＞Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＩ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＮＯ３／Ａ－ＣＡＯ．研究了Ｈ３ＢＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ树脂对Ａｇ＋和离子的吸附动力学，讨论了吸附机理．     

新型洗涤剂用沸石MAP的合成及其性能表征

在ＳｉＯ_２－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－Ｎａ_２Ｏ－Ｈ_２Ｏ体系中,采用加入晶种的方法水热合成出新型洗涤剂用沸石－ＭＡＰ。其硅铝比（Ｓｉ／Ａｌ）在 １．０７－１．１３之间,平均晶粒直径小于０．４μｍ,钙离子交换容量为２９０～３１３ ｍｇＣａＣＯ_３／ｇ（干沸石）,非离子表面活性剂的吸附量在 ８３～ １００ｇ ｏｉｌ／１００ｇ（沸石）之间。本文着重考察了影响合成 ＭＡＰ沸石的因素,确定了ＭＡＰ沸石会成的最佳范围,并对其物理化学性质进行了表征。     

Ag4Fe（CN）6溶胶表面对PABA分子增强机制及吸附态的探讨

通过向对氨基苯甲酸（ＰＡＢＡ）－Ａｇ_４Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）_６溶胶体系分别滴加少量Ｋ_４Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）_６、Ｋ_３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）_６、Ｎａ_２Ｓ_２Ｏ_３、Ｈ_２Ｏ_２、ＮａＣｌ和ＮａＮＯ_３水溶液，以及改变体系ｐＨ值对ＰＡＢＡＳＥＲＳ谱带影响的观测，探讨Ａｇ_４Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）_６溶胶体系对ＰＡＢＡ分子的增强机制及在胶体表面受到极大增强的分子吸附态。     

特丁醇和水混合溶剂多组分电解质热力学HC1—NaCl—tert._C4H9OH—H2…

本在恒定特丁醇质量分数ｘ＝０．１０的条件下，应用电动势测定了无液接界电池（Ａ）和电池（Ｂ）的电动势：Ｐｔ，Ｈ２（１．０１３×１０＾５Ｐａ）｜ＨＣ（ｍ），ｔｅｒｔ．－Ｃ４Ｈ９ＯＨ（ｘ），Ｈ２Ｏ（１－ｘ）｜ＡｇＣｌ－Ａｇ （Ａ） Ｐｔ，Ｈ２（１．０１３×１０＾５Ｐａ）｜ＨＣｌ（ｍＡ），ＮａＣｌ（ｍＢ），ｔｅｒｔ．－Ｃ４ＨｏＯＨ，Ｈ２Ｏ（１－ｘ）｜ＡｇＣｌ－Ａｇ （Ｂ）根据电池（Ａ）电动势确定了     

Anion exchange reaction potentials as approximate estimates of the relative thermodynamic stabilities of Mg/Al layered double hydroxides containing different anions

Coatings of hydrotalcite-like nitrate-intercalated Mg/Al layered double hydroxides are electrochemically deposited on a Pt electrode by electrogeneration of base by reduction of a mixed metal nitrate aqueous solution. As-prepared coatings are stable to workup and function as rugged electrodes. The voltammetric response generated by anion exchange of intercalated nitrate for dissolved anions from solution under equilibrium conditions is employed to estimate the thermodynamic stabilities of the Mg/Al layered double hydroxides comprising different anions relative to the nitrate-containing phase. Among monovalent anions, the most stable is the fluoride-containing LDH (ΔG° = -48.7 kJ mol(-1)) relative to the nitrate-containing LDH. The stability in aqueous phase decreases as F(-) > Cl(-) > Br(-) > NO(2)(-) > NO(3)(-), whereas, among divalent anions, SO(4)(2-) (ΔG° = -8.7 kJ mol(-1)) > CO(3)(2-) (ΔG° = 14.3 kJ mol(-1)). The results of monovalent ions match well with the Miyata series, whereas the divalent anion series is at variance with the commonly held belief that carbonate-LDHs are more stable than sulfate-LDHs.     

Decationization and dealumination of clinoptilolite tuff and ammonium exchange on acid-modified tuff

The paper presents results of investigation of exchange of the clinoptilolite tuff cations with hydrogen ions from HCl solution of concentration 0.1 mmol cm(-3) and ammonium ions solutions of concentrations 0.0071 to 2.6 mmol cm(-3). Molal concentrations, x (mmol g(-1)) of cations exchanged in acid solution and in ammonium ions solutions were compared with molal concentrations of cations obtained by determination of the cation-exchange capacity of clinoptilolite tuff. The obtained results show that at ammonium ion concentrations lower than 0.1 mmol cm(-3), with regard to exchange capacity for particular ions, best exchanged are Na+ ions, followed by Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions, while exchange of K+ ions is the poorest (Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+). At ammonium concentrations from 0.2 to 1 mmol cm(-3) the order is Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. At concentrations higher than 1 mmol cm(-3) the order is Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Mg2+. The results are a consequence of the uptake of hydrogen ions by zeolite samples in ammonium ions solutions at concentrations lower than 1 mmol cm(-3) and indicate the importance of Mg2+ (besides Na+ ions) for the exchange between clinoptilolite cations and H+ ions, in contrast to K+ ions, whose participation in the reaction with H+ ions is the lowest. During decationization of the clinoptilolite in acid solution, best exchanged are Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions, while exchange of K+ ions is the poorest. Due to poor exchange of K+ and H+ ions and good exchange of Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions, it is to be assumed that preservation of stability of the clinoptilolite structure is caused by K+ ions present in the channel C. Clinoptilolite is dissolved in the clinoptilolite A and B channels where Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions are present. On the acid-modified clinoptilolite samples, exchange of ammonium ions is poorer than on natural zeolite. The longer the contact time of the zeolite and acid solution, the worse ammonium ions exchange. It can be assumed that H+ ions exchanged with zeolite cations are consumed for solution of aluminum in the clinoptilolite structure; therefore the concentration of H+ ions as exchangeable cations decreases. In the ammonium ion solution at a concentration of 0.0065 mmol cm(-3), from the acid-modified zeolite samples, Al3+ ions are exchanged best, followed by Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ ions. Further to the results, it is to be assumed that exchangeable Al3+ ions available from clinoptilolite dissolution are best exchanged with H+ ions in acid solution.     

金属离子Na+,Li+及Mg2+与C1O4-和NO3-形成的无水离子缔合物种的从头算量子化学研究

采用量子化学计算方法在B3 LYP/6-311++G**水平下对Na+,Li+和Mg2+与ClO4-和NO3-形成的离子缔合物种的结构以及v1-频率进行了研究,并将结果与SO42-和上述3种阳离子形成的物种进行了对比.在缔合物种结构方面,当阳离子数目≤2时,与SO42-体系相似,ClO4-和NO3-主要与阳离子形成双齿缔合结构,而当阳离子数目＞2时,特别是具有2个正电荷的Mg2+离子数目较多时,由于阳离子间的斥力更大,与阳离 子结合能力较弱的ClO4-和NO3-较难与其形成稳定的离子团簇,而在SO42-体系中,则易形成单齿缔合结构.在v1-频率的变化趋势方面,3种阴离子形成的缔合物种大体相同,说明无水离子团簇的频率变化主要受阳离子性质和缔合结构影响.虽然阴离子性质也有部分影响,但不占主要地位.     

镁铝层状超分子化合物去除废水中的六价铬

实验比较了Na_2CO_3/Na OH、Na OH和NH4OH沉淀法制备的镁铝层状化合物对模拟废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果,并通过X射线衍射和Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)方法分析了材料的结构特征。结果表明,以Na_2CO_3/Na OH为沉淀剂制备的镁铝层状化合物结晶度高、层状结构完整、比表面积较大、孔径适宜、吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的效果最佳,其优化吸附工艺为:固液比为1 g/500 m L,体系pH值为7~9,室温下震荡9 h。在最佳吸附条件下,镁铝层状化合物对Cr(Ⅵ)的饱和吸附量达到199.4 mg/g。镁铝层状化合物通过与含铬阴离子形成层状超分子化合物的方式实现了废水中铬的去除,对含Cr(Ⅵ)226.1 mg/L的实验室废水经6次工艺处理后,残余量小于0.5 mg/L,低于国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)指标。镁铝层状化合物是一种处理实验室废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的优良吸附剂。     

无机电解质及聚合物对Mg-Al混合金属氢氧化物—高岭土分散体系触变性的影响

类水滑石;流变学;无机电解质及聚合物对Mg-Al混合金属氢氧化物—高岭土分散体系触变性的影响     

Intercalation of [Cr(C2O4)3]3 - complex in mg,al layered double hydroxides

A Mg,Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) with [Cr(C(2)O(4))(3)](3)(-) anions in the interlayer has been synthesized following two different routes: reconstruction from a mildly calcined Mg,Al-carbonate LDH, and anion exchange from a Mg,Al-nitrate LDH. The solids prepared have been characterized by elemental chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and UV-vis/DR (diffuse reflectance) spectroscopies, thermal methods, nitrogen adsorption at -196 degrees C, and FT-IR monitoring of pyridine adsorption. The results obtained indicate that the most appropriate method is anion exchange, leading to a well crystallized LDH with an interlayer spacing of 10 A. Due to the high pH value (>8) of the solution in the reconstruction method, however, a polyphasic system is obtained, where, in addition to a phase with the LDH structure, amorphous magnesium oxalate and chromium oxohydroxides are also formed due to hydrolysis of the complex. The interlayer complex is stable up to 200 degrees C, but the layered structure is stable up to 330 degrees C, probably because of the presence of interlayer oxalate anions formed during decomposition of the complex. Calcination leads to oxidation of Cr(3+) ions to the six-valent state, which reverts to Cr(3+) when the calcination temperature is further increased.     

单一阴离子交换柱同时分离有机酸和无机阴阳离子

研究了用乙二胺四乙酸（ＥＤＴＡ）作淋洗液时，性质迥异的有机酸、无机阴离子和碱土金属离子（Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋）在同一阴离子交换柱上的同时分离以及保留机理，结果表明，在离子交换机理之外，非离子交换机理对有机酸及钙镁的ＥＤＴＡ络阴郭的保留行为起一定的辅助作用，９种有机酸和无机阴阳离子在１０ｍｉｎ内得到了较好的分离。各离子的电导检测灵敏度在１０＾－９至１０＾－１１ｍｏｌ，能满足环境和食吕分析的要求。     

Stability and spectroscopic properties of singly and doubly charged anions

Using density functional theory and hybrid B3LYP exchange-correlation energy functional we have studied the structure, stability, and spectroscopic properties of singly and doubly charged anions composed of simple metal atoms (Na, Mg, Al) decorated with halogens such as Cl and pseudohalogens such as CN. Since pseudohalogens mimic the chemistry of halogen atoms, our objective is to see if pseudohalogens can also form superhalogens much as halogens do and if the critical size for a doubly charged anion depends upon the ligand. The electron affinities of MCl(n) (M = Na, Mg, Al) exceed the value of Cl for n ≥ (k + 1), where k is the normal valence of the metal atom. However, for M(CN)(n) complexes this is only true when n = k + 1. In addition, while the electron affinities and vertical detachment energies of MCl(n) complexes are close to each other, they are markedly different when Cl is replaced by pseudohalogen, CN. The origin of these anomalous results is found to be due to the large binding energy of cyanogen, (NCCN) molecule. Because of the tendency of CN molecules to dimerize, the ground state geometries of the neutral and anionic M(CN)(n) complexes are very different when their number exceed the normal valence of the metal atom. While our calculations support the conclusion of Skurski and co-workers that pseudohalogens can form the building blocks of superhalogens, we show that there is a limitation on the number of CN moieties where this is true. Equally important, we find large differences between the ground state geometries of the neutral and anionic M(CN)(n) complexes for n ≥ (k + 2) which could play an important role in interpreting future experimental data on M(CN)(n) complexes. This is because the electron affinity defined as the energy difference between the ground states of the anion and neutral can be very different from the adiabatic detachment energy defined as the energy difference between the ground state of the anion and its structurally similar neutral isomer.     

The synthesis and spectroscopic characterisation of hydrotalcite formed from aluminate solutions

Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterise nine hydrotalcites prepared from aluminate and magnesium solutions (magnesium chloride and seawater). The aluminate hydrotalcites are proposed to have the following formula Mg(6)Al(2)(OH)(16)(CO(3)(2-))·xH(2)O, Mg(6)Al(2)(OH)(16)(CO(3)(2-),SO(4)(2-))·xH(2)O, and Mg(6)Al(2)(OH)(16)(SO(4)(2-))·xH(2)O. The synthesis of these hydrotalcites using seawater results in the intercalation of sulfate anions into the hydrotalcite interlayer. The spectra have been used to assess the molecular assembly of the cations and anions in the hydrotalcite structures. The spectra have been conveniently subdivided into spectral features based upon the carbonate anion, the hydroxyl units and water units. This investigation has shown the ideal conditions to form hydrotalcite from aluminate solutions is at pH 14 using a magnesium chloride solution at a volumetric ratio of 1:1. Changes in synthesis conditions resulted in the formation of impurity products aragonite, thenardite, and gypsum.     

Cyanide sensing with organic dyes: studies in solution and on nanostructured Al2O3 surfaces

The synthesis of two new azo phenyl thiourea compounds and their optical response to different anions is reported herein. Solution studies in methanol indicate that cyanide induces a colour change in these dyes (whereas no changes are observed in the presence of other anions, such as F(-), Cl(-), Br(-), CH(3)COO(-), H(2)PO(4) (-), HSO(4) (-)). Interestingly, in DMSO these dyes are responsive not only to cyanide, but also to fluoride, acetate and dihydrogen phosphate. Each of these anions induces a different colour change. In the second part of the paper, we report the attachment of one of these dyes onto nanostructured TiO(2) and Al(2)O(3) films. The stability of these sensitised films to pH was studied and we concluded that the sensitised Al(2)O(3) films are more robust, and hence, better than the TiO(2) for anion sensing. The dye-sensitised Al(2)O(3) films were immersed in solutions of different anions and their response studied. The films can detect cyanide down to 3 ppm in aqueous solution with relatively good selectivity over other anions.