乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物的结构表征

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(溴化钾压片法与衰减全反射法)、X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱法对粉末状和薄板状两种形态的乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)进行了结构表征。傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析结果表明:ETFE粉末有明显的-CH2和-CF2吸收峰;X射线衍射法分析结果表明:ETFE薄板的分辨率优于ETFE粉末;X射线光电子能谱法分析结果表明:ETFE粉末与ETFE薄板的-CH2和-CF2基团含量基本一致。X射线光电子能谱分析结果显示:ETFE薄板存在有机硅类脱膜剂的污染,同时ETFE粉末存在更多吸附氧。     

粉末X射线衍射结构分析的进展

粉末X射线衍射结构分析自Rietveld 1967. 1969年在中子粉末衍射结构分析中问世后,又经Wiles and Young 1981、1982年介绍到X射线衍射技术中来,近几年来取得了显著的进展。特特是同步辐射光源的建成和应用,取得了和单晶结构分析几乎同样等级的拟合程度和极为相似的结构参数。本文就近几年来粉末X射线衍射对晶体结构分析方面的进展进行综述,着重讨论Bragg衍射的峰形函数,择优取向校正和光学系统改善等方面对结构精化的影响,介绍在某些方面中的应用。     

粉末X射线衍射法监测发光有机分子结构转化的综合实验教学

结合粉末X射线衍射技术在物相分析领域的应用设计了一个综合创新性实验。实验内容主要包括利用粉末X射线衍射技术监测激发态分子内质子转移(Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer,ESIPT)有机分子在溶剂熏蒸下的结构转化过程。本实验综合培养了学生对粉末X射线衍射仪的操作技巧以及数据处理分析能力,提高了学生利用现代科学仪器来解决实际问题的能力。     

X射线多重衍射的一些实验研究

使用在试样架上附加有Φ旋转装置的X射线粉末衍射仪,对Si(001)晶片和In1 -xAlxAs/GaAs一维超点阵样品,进行了一些X射线多重衍射实验研究,初步解释了所获得的多重衍射花样 ,得到了一些有关的结构信息。     

微量铂掺杂对TiO2粉末结构和性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了铂掺杂的TiO2粉末, 利用透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见光谱和X射线衍射技术对粉末的结构和光吸收性能进行了表征. 结果表明, Pt/TiO2粉末主要含有Ti, O, Pt和C元素, 其中Pt主要以0价态存在. 573～873 K焙烧的Pt/TiO2粉末中, TiO2是锐钛矿结构, 973 K焙烧时, 有6.3%的TiO2转变为金红石结构. Pt/TiO2粉末的晶粒尺寸小, 铂和锐钛矿结构TiO2粒子都是纳米颗粒. 随焙烧温度升高, 粉末中TiO2的晶粒尺寸逐渐增大, 晶格常数a和c发生各向异性的变化, 单胞体积在相变时发生收缩. 与TiO2粉末相比, Pt/TiO2粉末中两种结构TiO2的晶格常数和晶胞体积基本上都增大了, 光谱吸收范围被明显拓展至可见光, 实现了可见光催化的基础.     

磷酸锡铝分子筛(SnAPO-5)的合成及性能研究

水热法合成了磷酸锡铝分子筛,并用X荧光分析其组成,X射线粉末衍射测定其晶胞参数。通过电子探针、穆斯堡尔谱、X射线光电子能谱及红外光谱等进行了结构分析。同时,研究了物化及催化性能。结果表明,读分子筛属于AlPO_(4-)5型分子筛的结构类型,Sn~(4+)位于分子筛骨架中。     

超声波分散法制备SnS纳米微粒及其光学性能

在有机介质液体石蜡中,以金属锡和硫粉为原料,通过超声波分散的方法快速地制备了SnS纳米微粒,并提出了可能的形成机理.采用透射电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪和X射线光电子能谱仪对产品进行了形貌、组成和结构表征,并在室温下研究了其光致发光性能.     

碲化银纳米晶的室温合成及表征

在室温下制备了碲化银纳米粒子，制备过程中选用了新型的还原剂多聚甲醛。所得产物用X射线光电子能谱、X射线粉末衍射和透射电镜进行了表征。     

珍珠和贝壳珍珠层的分析

本文探讨了利用扫描电镜和电子探针对珍珠表面进行形态和成分分析的方法。即把珍珠研磨成粉末,用X射线衍射仪剖析珍珠的结构和成分。用氨基酸分析仪分析其中的氨基酸含量。     

X射线单色聚焦粉末照相机的原理和应用

前言X 射线多晶分析在化学研究工作中有很广泛的用途。常用的仪器是 Debye 粉末照相机和 X 射线衍射仪。还有一种 X 射线单色聚焦粉末照相机。它从卅年代末问世以来,经过逐步改进,已经成为一种有效的实验工具。目前正朝着高、低温领域和高精密度的方向发展。由于 X 射线的单色化和聚焦作用,仪器的分辨率大大地提高了。在鉴定复杂的物相组成时效果较好。多年来,我们曾使用 Guinier 单色聚焦粉末照相机进行常规物相分析,以及某些特殊试样的鉴定。例如金属有机化合物、天然有机化合物;r-Fe_2O_3中的少     

合成醇催化剂中组分间的相互作用

近年来,CO/H_2催化合成低碳混合醇的研究受到广泛的关注。低碳混合醇可作为掺合汽油的助溶剂、燃料和代油品,一经分离则是非常重要的化工原料,应用价值很大。催化剂是合成过程的关键,七十年代以来该领域研究取得很大进展,如美国Dow公司开发的MoS_2体系,意大利Sham公司研制的“甲基燃料”合成催化剂及法国IFP开发的混合氧化物型“乙基燃料”合成催化剂等,引起人们的极大重视。催化剂的表面     

用X射线衍射图研究柴油低温流动改进剂的作用

通常,柴油中含有15%～30%的正构烷烃。在低温下,柴油中大分子量的蜡以晶体形式析出,可堵塞导管和滤清器,导致了柴油机供油的困难[1]。柴油在低温下的流动性能不仅关系到柴油机燃料供油系统在低温下能否正常供油,而且与柴油在低温下的储存和运输等作业能否进行有密切的关系。加入低温流动改进剂改善柴油的低温流动性能,以其成本低,操作简便而成为解决柴油低温流动性能的首选方法,并在工业上得到广泛应用[2]。柴油在低温下蜡的析出直至影响其流动性能的过程是一个蜡结晶的过程,由于蜡的组成复杂,其结晶过程也很复杂[3]。用X射线衍射法分…     

TiO2-Al2O3复合载体的比较研究

对用混胶法和共沉淀法分别制备的ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合载体（ＴｉＯ２含量为０．０８ｇ／ｇγ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）进行了对比研究，采用的表征方法有ＸＲＤ，ＸＲＳ，ＬＲＳ等，得出的结论如下：两种载体均保持了γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的骨架结构，但ＴｉＯ２的分散状态不尽相同，混胶样品中ＴｉＯ２主要以表面富集的形式分散在γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面，这有利于集二者的优点于一体，共沉淀样品中ＴｉＯ２趋于整个体相均匀分散，这有利于相互作用     

光亮剂对银电沉积行为的影响

用电势阶跃法和旋转圆盘电极法 (RDE)以及SEM和XRD测试手段 ,初步研究了光亮剂对氰化体系中银电沉积行为的影响 .研究表明 ,光亮剂的加入并未导致银电沉积成核机理的改变 ,但显著增强了镀液的微观平整效应 ,并且所得镀层的表观光滑程度明显改善 .XRD测试亦同时表明光亮剂的加入并未改变镀层的择优取向     

Thermal behavior analysis of kaolinite–dimethylsulfoxide intercalation complex

The thermal behavior of kaolinite?Cdimethylsulfoxide intercalation complex was investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis. The samples gradually heated up to different temperatures were studied by XRD and FT-IR. The kaolinite?Cdimethylsulfoxide intercalation complex is stable below 130?°C. With the rise in the temperature, the relative intensity of the 1.124-nm peak gradually decreased and disappeared at 200?°C, however, the intensity of the 0.714?nm peak increased in the XRD patterns. In the infrared spectra, the appearance of methyl bands at 3018, 2934, 1428, and 1318?cm^?1 indicates the presence of intercalated dimethylsulfoxide, the intensities of these bands decreased with the temperature rising and remained until around 175?°C, which agree with the XRD and TG?CDSC data.     

Quantitative Characterization of the Structure of PP/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites at Various Length Scales

The structure and rheological properties of a large number of layered silicate polypropylene nanocomposites were studied with widely varying compositions. Unlike general practice, morphology was characterized at different length scales covering several decades by SEM, TEM, and XRD. Rheological measurements supplied additional information about structure. The results showed that these materials possess a very complex structural architecture. The introduction of a functionalized polymer decreases the size of the original clay particles. However, relatively large silicate particles were found also in composite samples yielding XRD traces without silicate reflection. We found that not only two (individual layers, intercalated stacks), but four morphological entities, i.e. also particles and a silicate network, may be present simultaneously in the composites. An attempt was made to characterize morphology quantitatively, wherever possible. SEM and TEM micrographs were evaluated by image analysis, XRD traces by curve fitting, while a model was developed to determine relaxation time from rheological measurements, but only XRD and SEM results are reported here.     

新金刚石稳定性及晶体结构模型的研究

利用碳黑催化法制备了新金刚石粉末, 并通过粉末X射线衍射(XRD)对不同时效处理后的新金刚石样品进行表征. 结果表明, 新金刚石是一种亚稳态的相, 在室温下, 随着放置时间的推移其晶体结构发生变化. 根据XRD分析和模拟的XRD图谱, 提出了用具有分数占位的“缺陷金刚石”模型来解释新金刚石结构随时间的变化规律. 在该模型中, 原子的占位数χ为0时, 为面心立方结构(FCC), χ为1时, 为金刚石结构. 密度泛函理论计算结果表明, 随χ的增加, 其结构的稳定性也增加. 可见, 新金刚石是由FCC碳向金刚石结构过渡的中间态结构.     

Analyzing core-shell structured zinc doped MgO Wrapped Ba(1-x)Sr(x)TiO3 nanoparticles

BST nanoparticles were directly synthesized from solution at 70 degrees C and then wrapped with zinc doped MgO in solution. This core-shell structure was analyzed by a conjunction of XRD, HRTEM, and FE-SEM. The lattice cell parameter of BST core was found to have shrinkage. The lattice cell mismatch between core and shell creates a variation of lattice cell parameter of BST core and we proposed a new method to estimate it by the XRD peak broadening effect. Two possible modes of matching the BST core and MZO shell were suggested and mode II was assigned to our core-shell structure by the observation of HRTEM and analysis of XRD data. Un-grown BST nanoparticles can also be observed by FE-SEM in fracture grains of the ceramics, which was sintered at 1350 degrees C.     

Transmission electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction analysis of aluminum-induced crystallization of amorphous silicon in alpha-Si:H/Al and Al/alpha-Si:H structures.

Solid phase crystallization of plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposited (PECVD) amorphous silicon (alpha-Si:H) in alpha-Si:H/Al and Al/alpha-Si:H structures has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Radiative heating has been used to anneal films deposited on carbon-coated nickel (Ni) grids at temperatures between 200 and 400 degrees C for TEM studies. alpha-Si:H films were deposited on c-Si substrates using high vacuum (HV) PECVD for the XRD studies. TEM studies show that crystallization of alpha-Si:H occurs at 200 degrees C when Al film is deposited on top of the alpha-Si:H film. Similar behavior was observed in the XRD studies. In the case of alpha-Si:H deposited on top of Al films, the crystallization could not be observed at 400 degrees C by TEM and even up to 500 degrees C as seen by XRD.     

静电纺丝法制备聚乳酸/纳米磷酸钙复合纳米纤维及其表征

首先合成了纳米磷酸钙(NCP),用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)进行了表征.再利用静电纺丝法制备了PLA/NCP复合纳米纤维,对纤维进行了TEM,SEM,XRD以及单轴拉力测试的表征.TEM和XRD测试表明,NCP已成功掺杂到聚乳酸纤维中,获得的纤维为复合纤维.SEM测试表明,NCP在溶液中浓度较小时,复合纳米纤维的形貌变化不大;NCP浓度超过PLA质量的7%后,纤维表面出现粒状物;随着浓度继续增大,粒状物逐渐增多,最后很难成纤.拉伸实验结果表明,复合纤维拉伸强度先随着NCP浓度的增加而增大,但NCP浓度超过7%后拉伸强度随着浓度的增加反而减小.