Ti-MWW催化氯丙烯环氧化反应动力学行为

以Ti-MWW分子筛为催化剂,以H2O2为氧化剂,系统研究了氯丙烯环氧化反应的动力学行为.结果表明,该反应速率与Ti-MWW分子筛的用量成正比,是1级反应.当H2O2浓度小于0.67 mol/L时,环氧化反应为1级反应;大于2 mol/L时,为0级反应.随着氯丙烯浓度的增加,环氧化反应级数从1级向0级转变;且只有当其浓...     

无机钛硅原料合成TS-1催化氯丙烯环氧化反应

采用无机钛硅原料体系合成出了TS-1分子筛,并对TS-1分子筛催化氯丙烯环氧化反应进行了研究.在以甲醇为溶剂的体系中考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量、氯丙烯与双氧水的摩尔比对反应的影响,得到了无机钛硅原料体系合成的TS-1催化氯丙烯环氧化反应的最优条件:反应时间为60 min,反应温度为45℃,催化剂用量为22.5 g L-1,氯丙烯与双氧水的摩尔比n(AC):n(H2O2)=1.8,并对无机钛硅原料体系合成的TS-1进行了修饰改性,评价了其催化性能.     

TiO2固定床光催化氧化头孢拉啶

 研究了抗生素头孢拉啶在负载型TiO2连续循环流动反应器中的降\r\n解，用红外和紫外光谱跟踪头孢拉啶的光催化降解过程．结果显示，在\r\n反应液流速4．5L／min，氧气流速1．6L／min，光照强度30W，反应温\r\n度28±2℃和反应时间120min的光催化氧化条件下，头孢拉啶能完全降\r\n解．光降解过程中头孢拉啶羧基的氧化比胺基容易．添加H2O2可以提高\r\n光催化氧化反应速率．光催化降解动力学研究表明，头孢拉啶的光催化\r\n氧化符合Langmuir－Hinshelwood一级动力学模型．     

制备条件对Al1P1.30Ti0.30Si0.17体系催化剂性能的影响

 从制备催化剂的原料、沉淀剂种类、铝沉淀物终点的pH值、水量\r\n及原料的加入顺序等方面考察了制备条件对AlP1．30－Ti0．30Si0．1\r\n7体系的结构及催化性能的影响．结果表明，以自制新鲜氢氧化铝为铝\r\n源，以硅溶胶为硅源，以钛酸丁酯为钛源，以氨水为沉淀剂，在pH＝6\r\n．2，c（Al3＋）＝0．64mol／L（V（H2O）＝200ml）的条件下，采用\r\n通常的沉淀方法可制备出性能优良的催化剂．催化剂的酸性是影响其催\r\n化性能的主要因素，主产物选择性与酸强度有关，酸强度高的催化剂具\r\n有较低的主产物选择性；催化剂的活性与其孔径及表面酸量有关；催化\r\n剂中的B酸中心是反应可能的活性中心．     

钛硅分子筛催化1-丁烯环氧化反应溶剂效应和酸碱效应研究

研究了用双氧水为氧化剂，钛硅分子筛TS-1催化1-丁烯环氧化反应的溶剂效应．研究发现，在质子性溶剂中1-丁烯环氧化反应活性高于非质子性溶剂，而以甲醇为溶剂H2O2转化率最高．分别利用碱性添加物稀氨水溶液和酸性添加物稀盐酸溶液调变反应介质的pH值，考察了介质的pH值对1-丁烯环氧化反应的影响，结果表明，随pH值提高，1，2-环氧丁烷(B0)的选择性略提高，但是过量稀氨水的加入会导致催化剂失活，双氧水的转化率及利用率明显下降．与钛硅分子筛催化丙烯环氧化相比，酸性添加物的加入对反应结果的影响不大，随反应介质的pH值降低1，2-环氧丁烷的选择性没有明显下降．     

正丁烷氧化制顺酐流化床催化剂的性能

 考察了前驱体制备过程中水合肼／五氧化二钒摩尔比（以下简记\r\n为n（N2H4）／n（V2O5））对催化剂性能的影响．由较高的n（N2H4）\r\n／n（V2O5）比制得的催化剂，其（VO）2P2O7相含量较多，正丁烷转化\r\n率较高．随着n（N2H4）／n（V2O5）比的减小，δ－VOPO4相的含量逐\r\n渐增多，正丁烷转化率随之升高；而顺酐选择性开始时升高，达到最大\r\n值后逐渐降低．在n（N2H4）／n（V2O5）＝0．34时制备的催化剂最佳\r\n，在丁烷浓度为4．0％、空速为500h－1及反应温度为420℃的反应条件\r\n下，顺酐收率可达49．74％．本文中细粒床催化剂有较大的操作弹性．     

清洁催化氧化环己烯合成己二酸反应中酸性配体的作用

 以30％H2O2为氧源，研究了Na2WO4·2H2O催化氧化环己烯制己二\r\n酸反应中的配体效应．在大多数情况下，配体的酸性越强，目标产物己\r\n二酸的产率越高．尽管一些酚类配体、L（＋）抗坏血酸和8－羟基喹啉\r\n的酸性较弱，但己二酸的产率仍然很高．这表明影响目标产物产率的因\r\n素除配体的酸效应以外，还存在配体的配位效应．邻苯二酚和对苯二酚\r\n等酚类配体的实验结果表明，反应可能是通过络合催化反应机理完成的\r\n．对酸性配体用量及对反应动力学考察结果表明，反应过程中环氧化物\r\n水解为1，2－环己二醇是整个反应的控制步骤，反应体系的酸性起到决\r\n定性的作用．     

β沸石催化邻苯二酚-叔丁醇烷基化反应

 考察了Hβ沸石及改性Hβ／Al2O3对邻苯二酚－叔丁醇烷基化反\r\n应的催化性能，并采用XRD和NH3－TPD方法表征了Hβ沸石及改性Hβ／\r\nAl2O3的酸性和结构特性，讨论了其酸性对催化活性及选择性的影响．\r\n结果表明，Hβ沸石和Co改性的Hβ／Al2O3的催化性能都优于目前文献\r\n报道的最好水平，对催化邻苯二酚－叔丁醇烷基化反应具有良好应用开\r\n发前景．     

Fe-Al-α,α'-联吡啶催化体系催化邻苯二甲酸酐与环氧环己烷开环共聚反应

 用Fe（acac）3－Al（i－Bu）3－α，α′－dipy（acac乙酰丙\r\n酮，dipy联吡啶）催化邻苯二甲酸酐与环氧环己烷开环交替共聚反应，\r\n研究了Fe／Al，Fe／α，α′－dipy摩尔比对聚合反应的影响．用核磁\r\n共振技术研究了共聚物的交替度，测得了共聚物中邻苯二甲酸酐含量达\r\n31％以上．用凝胶渗透色谱仪测得了共聚物的分子量．结果表明，共聚\r\n物分子量的分散度很窄．共聚反应动力学研究结果表明，共聚对单体的\r\n浓度呈一级反应，表观活化能为36．1kJ／mol．     

钛硅分子筛TS-1合成晶化气氛的影响

考察了不同晶化气氛(N2、H2、A ir、O2)对合成钛硅分子筛TS-1的影响,用XRD、IR和N2吸附/脱附对所合成的钛硅分子筛进行结构表征,发现在H2气氛下合成的TS-1结晶度最高,锐钛矿的含量最少;O2气氛下合成的TS-1中锐钛矿含量最高.以氯丙烯氧化为模型反应,考察了不同晶化气氛下合成的钛硅分子筛的催化活性和双氧水的利用效率.结果表明,在H2气氛下所合成的钛硅分子筛的双氧水的利用效率最高.     

An environmentally benign route for epichlorohydrin from allyl chloride epoxidation catalyzed by heteropolyphosphatotungstate

In the absence of organic solvent, allyl chloride was epoxidized with aqueous hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by a heteropolyphosphatotungstate catalyst with very good activity and recycling activity. Under optimized conditions, an epichlorohydrin yield of 88.7% was achieved in the first run; after two recycles, the epichlorohydrin yield remained still above 85.0%. Various factors affecting the catalytic reaction were investigated systematically. The reaction rate of hydrogen peroxide in the epoxidation of allyl chloride is zero order with respect to hydrogen peroxide. The activation energy is 52.27 kJ/mol.     

合成条件对TS-1结构及其催化氯丙烯环氧化的影响

采用水热法合成了TS-1分子筛，根据XRD、FT-IR、FT-Raman和UV-Vis的表征结果计算了TS-1的相对结晶度和骨架钛相对含量，并以氯丙烯环氧化反应为探针反应，研究了合成条件对TS-1的结构和催化性能的影响，结果表明，TS-1的结晶度随合成液中Si／Ti比和TPAOH／Si比的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势，TS-1的骨架钛相对含量也随合成液中钛含量的减少呈先增大后减小的趋势，随TPAOH含量的增加TS-1的骨架钛相对含量和非骨架钛含量一直增加，且非骨架钛的类型有所改变．具有较高结晶度和骨架钛含量及较低非骨架钛含量的TS-1的催化性能较好．较好的氯丙烯的转化率和环氧氯丙烷的选择性分别为92．1％和87．5％．     

The study of epoxidation of allyl chloride in methanol in the presence of extruded titanium containing silicalite

The liquid-phase epoxidation of allyl chloride in methanol with aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide was conducted in the presence of extruded titanium containing silicalite and the physico-chemical features of the process were investigated. The effect of the amount of solvent, the initial ratio of the allyl chloride to hydrogen peroxide and the temperature of the process on the yield of the target product (epichlorohydrin) and by-products (3-chloro-1,2-propanediol and 3-chloro-1-methoxypropanol-2) was studied. Based on the obtained results, the optimum conditions of synthesis of epichlorohydrin for a laboratory scale continuous setup were recommended.     

Epoxidation of allyl chloride with H_2O_2 on Ti-ZSM-5 prepared by the isomorphous substitution

The epoxidation of allyl chloride with H2O2 on Ti-ZSM-5 prepared by isomorphous substitution of HZSM-5 with TiCl4 gas was studied. The results show that Ti-ZSM-5 has a high catalytic efficiency for the epoxidation of allyl chloride. The H2O2 utilization reaches 99.50% when the allyl chloride/H2O2 molar ratio is > 1. The effect of solvent species, catalyst concentration, H2O2 and allyl chloride concentration and reaction temperature on the epoxidation was investigated simultaneously. It is found that methanol is the best solvent for the reaction. The reaction rate equation with v = k[Cat. ] [H2O2]1/2-[C3H5Cl] and the apparent activation energy with Ea = 63.462 kJ/mol are obtained according to the kinetics study.     

磷钨杂多酸盐催化的氯丙烯水油两相条件下的环氧化

研究了磷钨杂多酸盐对氯丙烯与H2O2水溶液两相条件下环氧化反应的催化活性.反应结果表明,环氧氯丙烷的产率受溶剂二氯乙烷量影响;二氯乙烷作溶剂时,这一反应体系具有很好的催化性能,环氧氯丙烷产率可达88.3%;甲苯不是氯丙烯环氧化的优良溶剂.     

Study of alkene epoxidation in the presence of extruded silicalite titanium

Main features of liquid-phase epoxidation of propylene, allyl chloride, and allyl alcohol by aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of extruded titanium silicalite in methanol medium have been investigated. The effects of the solvent, the initial ratio of the organic substrate: hydrogen peroxide, and temperature on the yield of main products and by-products were elucidated. Based on the obtained features the conditions for the synthesis of propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, and glycidol in a laboratory continuous set-up were established.     

Kinetics and mechanism of palladium (II) chloride catalyzed oxidation of allyl alcohol by potassium hexacyanoferrate (III)

A kinetic study of the oxidation of allyl alcohol by potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) in the presence of palladium (II) chloride is reported. The reaction was observed by measuring the disappearance of the potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) spectrophotometrically. The reaction is first order with respect to allyl alcohol and palladium (II) chloride, inverse second order with respect to [Cl^?], and zero order with respect to potassium hexacyanoferrate (III). The rate is found to increase linearly with hydroxyl ion concentration.     

Oxidation of thiocyanate by hydrogen peroxide - a reaction kinetic study by capillary electrophoresis

The oxidation reaction kinetics of thiocyanate by excess hydrogen peroxide has been studied by using capillary electrophoresis. The paper illustrates for the first time the use of capillary electrophoresis in studying reaction kinetics and provides a non-laborious way to determine the rate law and the rate constant for the above reaction in the pH range 6–8. Standard solutions of thiocyanate were mixed with buffer solutions of different pHs (6–8) and the reactions were initiated by adding appropriate volumes of hydrogen peroxide in capillary electrophoresis vials. Each reaction mixture was sampled at regular time intervals using an automatic injection programme to follow the progress of the reaction and identify the reaction products. The peak areas, representing the products, were integrated and their concentrations were quantified using calibration plots. The concentration profiles obtained from a series of experiments at a particular pH were then used to determine the rate law and the rate constant for the reaction. Furthermore, the rate of decomposition of hypothiocyanite formed during the reaction is determined for the first time. The rate law is zero order with respect to hypothiocyanite and first order with respect to hydrogen peroxide. The results indicate that the rate law for the oxidation reaction is zero order with respect to thiocyanate and first order with respect to hydrogen peroxide. The rate constant for the reaction at 25°C and at zero ionic strength is 3.6(±0.2)×10(⁻⁴) min⁻¹.     

Ti-MWW催化烯丙基氯环氧化高效合成环氧氯丙烷

 研究了具有MWW结构的新一代钛硅分子筛Ti-MWW催化剂对烯丙基氯液相环氧化高效合成环氧氯丙烷的催化性能. 结果表明, Ti-MWW的催化活性以及产物选择性均优于传统的钛硅分子筛TS-1. 对于Ti-MWW,合适的溶剂为非质子性溶剂丙酮和乙腈,在该溶剂中环氧化物不易发生溶剂化开环反应; 而对于TS-1,合适的溶剂是质子性溶剂甲醇,但甲醇可导致醇醚副产物的生成. 在Ti-MWW催化剂上烯丙基氯的转化率和环氧氯丙烷的选择性都能达到99%以上.