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1.
焙烧温度对Fe-Mn催化剂结构和F-T合成性能影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
研究了焙烧温度对Fischer-Tropsch(F-T)合成Fe-Mn催化剂的织构性质、还原行为以及在还原和反应过程中结构变化的影响;在H2/CO=2.0、260 ℃、2.5 MPa和1 000 h-1条件下在固定床反应器上考察了焙烧温度对Fe-Mn催化剂F-T合成反应活性、烃产物选择性和运行稳定性的影响。XRD和TPR结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂中α-Fe2O3晶粒增大,催化剂比表面积降低,促进Mn3+渗入α-Fe2O3晶格中,形成了铁锰固溶体物相,使得催化剂难于还原,当焙烧温度升高到700 ℃时,催化剂中的α-Mn2O3相完全消失。催化剂F-T合成反应评价表明,在不降低催化剂活性的同时,焙烧温度的升高可显著地提高催化剂的反应运行稳定性,并促使烃产物分布向高碳数方向偏移;600 ℃焙烧的Fe-Mn催化剂运行200 h,总体活性高,失活速率较低,对低碳烯烃和中间馏分油段产物选择性好。  相似文献   

2.
采用连续共沉淀和喷雾干燥技术相结合的方法制备了Mg助剂的Fe/Cu/K/SiO2催化剂,采用N2物理吸附、XRD、MES 和H2-TPR等表征手段,考察了焙烧温度对催化剂比表面积、体相结构和还原性能的影响。结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂的比表面积降低,平均孔径增大,体相中α-Fe2O3晶粒逐渐增大,催化剂变的越来越难还原,其结构更加稳定。在H2/CO (摩尔比)= 2.2、250 ℃、2.0 MPa和2 000 h-1于固定床反应器考察了焙烧温度对该催化剂F-T合成反应性能的影响,结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂的F-T合成反应活性降低,在运行过程中反应活性逐渐增加直至达到平稳,但达到平稳所需的诱导期越来越长;提高焙烧温度使烃产物分布向重质烃方向转移,有利于降低CH4的选择性,促进重质烃的生成。  相似文献   

3.
尹双凤  徐柏庆 《催化学报》2002,23(6):507-512
 采用BET,XRD,TG-DTA,FT-IR,XPS和NH3-TPD等分析手段,研究了活化焙烧温度(500~800℃)对B2O3/ZrO2催化剂织构/结构、表面性质和环己酮肟气相重排反应的影响.催化剂活化焙烧温度升高促进了ZrO2向单斜晶相转化,同时活性组分氧化硼由以BO4为主要结构单元的物种转变为以BO3为基本结构单元的B2O3,导致催化剂比表面积、孔体积以及表面酸量减小,ZrO2与B2O3之间的相互作用减弱.700℃活化焙烧的催化剂表面拥有最大比例的中强酸中心,而且Beckmann反应的活性稳定性最高.这些结果表明,活化焙烧温度对B2O3/ZrO2催化剂上气相重排反应的影响主要是通过改变催化剂中B原子的配位状态和表面酸性实现的.  相似文献   

4.
尹双凤  徐柏庆 《催化学报》2002,23(6):507-512
采用BET,XRD,TG-DTA,FT-IR,XPS和NH3-TPD等分析手段,研究了活化焙烧温度(500-800℃)对B2O3/ZrO2催化剂织构/结构、表面性质和环己酮肟气相重排反应的影响。催化剂活化焙烧温度升高促进了ZrO2向单斜晶相转化,同时活性组分氧化硼由以BO4为主要结构单元的物种转变为以BO3为基本结构单元的B2O3,导致催化剂比表面积,孔体积以及表面酸量减小,ZrO2与B2O3之间的相互作用减弱、700℃活化焙烧的催化剂表面拥有最大比例的中强酸中心,而且Beckmann反应的活性稳定性最高。这些结果表明,活化焙烧温度为B2O3/ZrO2催化剂上气相重排反应的影响主要是通过改变催化剂中B原子的配位状态和表面酸性实现的。  相似文献   

5.
采用沉淀法和喷雾干燥技术制备了一个典型的费托合成铁基催化剂(100Fe/3K/6SiO_2,质量比)所得样品在不同温度下焙烧5 h.分别利用N_2吸附和穆斯保尔谱表征了催化剂的织构和物相性质,同时利用热重分析仪记录了催化剂在H2气氛中的还原过程,并利用气固反应模型对还原曲线进行了动力学模拟.结果表明,300~600℃焙烧后催化剂的还原过程可用相同的模型拟合,其中由α-Fe_2O_3还原为Fe_3O_4的过程可用一维晶相形成与生长模型或三维相界面反应模型描述,Fe_3O_4还原为α-Fe的过程受二维晶相形成与生长模型控制.而对于700℃焙烧后的催化剂,其还原过程可能受晶相形成与生长模型和收缩核模型共同影响.随着焙烧温度的提高,催化剂的还原能力减弱,还原过程活化能升高.这可能是由于焙烧温度的提高导致晶粒尺寸增大和晶格缺陷减少所致.  相似文献   

6.
用浸渍法制备了CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂和CeO2改性的CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,考察了焙烧温度对CuO/γ-Al2O3和CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂C3H6还原NO反应活性的影响,以及CeO2的添加量对CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂C3H6还原NO反应活性的影响。结果表明,在200 ℃~500 ℃的焙烧温度范围内,焙烧温度对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性影响很小;在500 ℃~800 ℃的焙烧温度范围内,随着焙烧温度的升高CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性急剧下降,由XRD物相测定结果可知,归因于对反应表现惰性的尖晶石CuAl2O4相的生成。当焙烧温度为500 ℃时,CeO2的添加对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性影响很小;当焙烧温度为800 ℃时,CeO2的添加对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂有明显的助催化作用,当Ce和Cu的摩尔比为1∶10时,NO转化率较为理想。  相似文献   

7.
研究了焙烧温度对溶胶-凝胶法制备的甲硫醇催化剂K2WO4/Al2O3的表面结构和催化性能的影响.表征结果显示,K2WO4在Al2O3上分散得较好,在450和550oC焙烧的催化剂颗粒大小均匀,无明显团聚现象.随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂的比表面积减小,表面钨物种与Al2O3的相互作用减弱,与碱物种的相互作用增强,酸碱强度降低.K2WO4/Al2O3表面不含质子酸.催化剂活性与其比表面积及表面的共轭酸碱对密切相关.评价结果表明,在550oC焙烧而制得的催化剂活性最高.  相似文献   

8.
焙烧温度对 Pd/Al2O3 催化剂上甲烷燃烧反应性能的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
高典楠  王胜  刘莹  张纯希  王树东 《催化学报》2010,31(11):1363-1368
 考察了载体与催化剂焙烧温度对 Pd/Al2O3 催化剂上低浓度甲烷催化燃烧反应性能的影响. 采用 X 射线衍射、透射电镜、N2 物理吸附、NH3 程序升温脱附和 O2 程序升温氧化等手段对载体和催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 焙烧温度对催化剂活性及稳定性的影响显著. 随着载体焙烧温度的升高, Al2O3 的比表面积、物相结构、酸中心的数量及强度明显改变, 相应的 Pd/Al2O3 催化剂中载体与 Pd 的相互作用减弱, Pd 分散度降低. 当载体焙烧温度为 1 100 °C, Pd/Al2O3 焙烧温度为 200 °C 时, 所得催化剂在 260 h 的连续反应中, 甲烷转化率始终维持在 99%以上.  相似文献   

9.
以水热法制得的纯单斜相ZrO2为载体,采用沉积沉淀法制备了一系列具有良好水煤气变换反应活性的Cu/ZrO2催化剂.并通过X射线粉末衍射、N2物理吸附、H2程序升温还原、X射线荧光元素分析、高分辨透射电镜和扫描电镜等手段考察了制备参数对Cu/ZrO2催化剂结构的影响,探讨了其结构与性能的关系.结果表明,CuO负载量、沉淀温度、沉淀剂种类和焙烧温度均在一定程度上影响了催化剂活性组分的晶粒大小、分散状态、织构性质及载体与活性组分间的相互作用,从而影响催化剂活性.催化剂制备的适宜条件为:CuO负载量25%,沉淀温度65oC,KOH为沉淀剂,在H2气氛300oC焙烧2h.  相似文献   

10.
催化苯甲醇液相氧化反应的高效无定形氧化锰催化剂   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
胡敬  孙科强  何代平  徐柏庆 《催化学报》2007,28(12):1025-1027
研究了焙烧温度对无定形氧化锰的织构及其催化苯甲醇液相氧化反应性能的影响.结果表明,在焙烧温度不高于400℃的条件下,MnOx均保持无定形结构,进一步提高焙烧温度会促使无定形MnOx转变为晶相的OMS-2和Mn2O3.不同氧化锰催化剂的质量比活性随焙烧温度的升高而逐渐降低,无定形MnOx比晶相氧化锰(OMS-2,γ-MnO2和Mn2O3)具有更高的质量比活性,而110℃干燥的无定形氧化锰具有最高的活性.H2-程序升温还原研究表明,氧化锰的起始还原温度与其质量比活性之间存在线性逆变关系,表明氧化锰的还原性能是决定其催化活性的关键因素.  相似文献   

11.
The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.  相似文献   

12.
非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。  相似文献   

13.
翟宗玺  刘树深  夏树屏 《化学学报》1990,48(10):946-950
用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。  相似文献   

14.
Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.  相似文献   

15.

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

  相似文献   

16.
Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.  相似文献   

17.
In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.  相似文献   

18.
Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, Mo, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

19.
20.
The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe2O3. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

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