交联方法对交联聚乙烯结晶行为的影响

研究了硅烷交联聚乙烯和过氧化物交联聚乙烯由于结晶和交联的顺序不同而造成的结晶行为的差异，交联密度相同时，过氧化物交联聚乙烯的结晶度和熔点明显低于硅烷交联聚乙烯，交联聚烯非等温结晶动力学表明：交联前后聚乙烯的Ａｖｒａｍｉ指数ｎ基本不变，交联后，半结晶期ｔ１／２延长、结晶速率常数ＺＣ下降，其中过氧化物交联聚乙烯的变化幅度大于硅烷交联聚乙烯。     

交联低密度聚乙烯交联程度表征方法的研究

硅烷交联法和过氧化物交联法是聚乙烯交联改性的两种重要方法［１］,以往的文献上通常都以凝胶含量来表征这两种方法制备的交联产物的交联程度［２～６］,但是在实践中我们发现,凝胶含量基本相同的硅烷交联聚乙烯和过氧化物交联聚乙烯的性能存在着很大的差异,例如在７０℃的二甲苯中凝胶含量为６２％的过氧化物交联低密度聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ）的平衡溶胀比是相同凝胶含量的硅烷交联ＬＤＰＥ的４倍,１５０℃时凝胶含量为７０％的硅烷交联聚乙烯的热延伸率比相同凝胶含量的过氧化物交联聚乙烯小三倍,而且二者的结晶行为和结晶度也有很大的…     

硅烷法聚乙烯交联技术的最新进展

比较了各种聚乙烯交联技术，讨论了硅烷法聚乙烯交联技术的原理，类型，交联和加工特点及其在电缆和管材等方面的应用，详细提供了可交联硅烷乙烯共聚物的最新进展。     

表面硅烷交联改性超高分子量聚乙烯材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能研究

为进一步提高超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)的耐磨损性能,制备了表面硅烷交联改性UHMWPE材料。本文对这种表面改性UHMWPE材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能进行了初步研究。结果表明,其摩擦系数、磨痕宽度与未经改性的UHMWPE相比均有一定程度的降低,磨屑数量也减少,耐磨损性能明显提高。其原因归结于经硅烷交联改性后,UHMWPE材料表面硬度提高,润滑状况改善,使材料抗磨粒磨损和抗粘着磨损能力提高,从而导致其耐磨损性能明显提高。     

硅烷接枝聚乙烯储存稳定性的研究

利用熔体流动速率测定仪进行了硅烷接枝聚乙烯的水解缩合交联反应的加速试验,发现该反应对水分浓度为一级反应,反应的表现活化能４２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,由此可推算Ａ组份的保存期。当催化剂存在时,水解缩合反应明显加快,这时的表观活化能降到２０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

基于Diels-Alder反应的热可逆交联聚乙烯的合成

分别以Ziegler-Natta催化剂和茂金属催化剂(rac-Et(Ind)_2ZrCl_2)引发乙烯/6-呋喃-1-己烯(FH)共聚合,合成了侧基含有呋喃取代基的聚乙烯。再以1,6-二马来酰亚胺基己烷(BMH)为交联剂,通过Diels-Alder反应制备了交联聚乙烯。利用~1H-NMR、DSC等对乙烯/FH共聚物结构进行了表征,利用FTIR、拉伸测试、蠕变实验等对交联聚乙烯的结构与性能进行测定。结果表明,通过改变马来酰亚胺与呋喃的比例可以调节聚乙烯的交联程度,同时Diels-Alder反应的热可逆性赋予交联聚乙烯重复加工性。     

聚乙烯光引发交联及其工业应用研究的新进展

结合作者近年来在聚乙烯光引发交联及其工业应用研究的系统工作，评述了该领域国内外的研究进展和取得的主要 成果，简要介绍了聚乙烯本体光交联的强化引发体系、光交机理、交联点微结构和晶体形态结构及其性能特征，介绍了光交联聚乙烯电缆新技术和未来的应用前景。     

硅胶印迹聚合物的制备及对钆离子吸附性能研究

选择聚乙烯亚胺为功能单体,利用3-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷和戊二醛将Gd~(3+)交联包裹在硅胶表面接枝,制备硅胶印迹聚合物。通过红外光谱和热重分析研究印迹聚合物的结构性质,采用静态吸附实验对其吸附性能进行分析对比。实验结果表明,采用聚乙烯亚胺为功能单体制备的印迹聚合物对Gd~(3+)的最大吸附量可以达到82.72mg/g,通过对其进行热力学分析和动力学分析,得知基于硅胶表面制备的聚乙烯亚胺印迹聚合物对Gd~(3+)的吸附可以用Freundlich模型和准二级动力学模型描述,且粒子内扩散过程为其速控步骤。实验证明,该印迹聚合物对Gd~(3+)具有一定的选择性。     

表面处理剂在氢氧化镁阻燃聚乙烯体系中的应用

探讨了几种常用的表面处理剂对氢气体镁－聚乙烯阻燃体系的力学性能及燃烧性能的影响。实验结果表明,在聚乙烯中添加100phr氢氧化镁后其力学性能已经严重劣化。通过添加适量的表面处理剂可以大大改善体系的新裂伸长率,但是通过会使其拉伸强度有所下降,阻燃性能有所降低。     

分离蛋白质的高效离子交换色谱填料的研究（Ⅱ）──新型弱阳离子交换色谱填料的合成及性能

将硅胶与环氧基有机硅烷反应的产物与聚乙烯亚胺交联，再与环状酸酐反应制得高效弱阳离子交换色谱填料ＷＣＸ－５和ＷＣＸ－６；交联产物与聚琥珀酰亚胺反应，然后碱性水解制得填料ＷＣＸ－７。研究了它们的性能，ＷＣＸ－５的分离性能优于ＷＣＸ－６，ＷＣＸ－７有一些不同于前两者的色谱特性，三者皆可用于蛋白质的分离，溶菌酶的活性回收率大于９４％。     

Influence of surface modification of fillers and polymer on flammability and tensile behaviour of polypropylene-composites

An intumescent system consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as an acid source and blowing agent, pentaerythritol (PER) as a carbonific agent and natural zeolite (clinoptilolite, Gördes II) as a synergistic agent was used in this study to enhance flame retardancy of polypropylene (FR-PP). Zeolite was incorporated into flame retardant formulation at four different concentrations (1, 2, 5, and 10 wt%) to investigate synergism with the flame retardant materials. Filler content was fixed at 30 wt% of total amounts of flame retardant PP composites. Zeolite and APP were treated with two different coupling agents namely, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol and (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane for investigation of the influence of surface treatments on mechanical properties and flame retardant performance of composites. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used for making polypropylene hydrophilic. Flammability of FR-PP composites was measured by the determination of limiting oxygen index (LOI). The LOI values reached to a maximum value of 41% for mercapto silane treated APP:PER (2:1) PP composite containing 5 wt% zeolite. The tensile strength of composites was increased by the addition of MAPP and elongation at break of composites was increased with silane treatments.     

矿化剂对水热法改性氢氧化镁晶体的影响

近几年来,氢氧化镁作为一种无机阻燃剂由于其具有制备条件相对温和,生产工艺简单且产品与自然环境友好等特点,在研究及生产活动方面备受关注且得到了长足的发展[1～4].目前采用氢氧化钠法进行反应一水热制备高分散阻燃级氢氧化镁的工艺路线已经比较成熟[5～8].然而,不利的是,氢氧化钠偏高的价格导致了产品的制造成本较高.而采用石灰法制备氢氧化镁阻燃剂具有价格低廉的特点,引起了人们的关注.     

Mechanical and fire retardant properties of EVA/clay/ATH nanocomposites - Effect of particle size and surface treatment of ATH filler

Mechanical and flame retardant properties of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer/organoclay/alumina trihydrate (ATH) nanocomposites have been studied. ATH with different particle sizes, ATH1 (2.2-5.2 μm) and ATH2 (1.5-3.5 μm), and three different surface treatments, uncoated, fatty acid coated and silane coated, have been used. A synergistic effect was observed in EVA/organoclay/ATH nanocomposites with the total heat evolved (THE) and the heat release rate (HRR) lower than that of EVA/ATH composite. It was also found that mechanical and flame retardant properties are affected in different ways by the particle size and the surface treatment of ATH fillers. Improvements in tensile and flame retardant properties were observed in nanocomposites when uncoated ATH fillers and fatty acid coated ATH2 filler were used. On the other hand, silane coating on ATH1 and ATH2 improves limiting oxygen index (LOI) and leads to higher t_ignition and the best char stability after cone calorimeter test.     

Synthesis,characterization, and catalytic properties of the Li-doped ZnO

It has demonstrated that there are major advantages and synergistic effects on flame retardancy in using a combination of borates with magnesium hydroxide. In this paper, a novel 2MgO·B₂O₃·1.5H₂O–Mg(OH)₂ nanocomposite has been controllably prepared by in situ hydrothermal reaction, and the formation mechanism of the nanocomposite was proposed. As a comparison, 2MgO·B₂O₃·1.5H₂O nanobelt and Mg(OH)₂ nanosheet were also prepared. All samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TG, SEM, TEM and HRTEM. Furthermore, their flame-retardant properties were investigated by thermal analysis method and oxygen index method, demonstrating that the flame retardancy of nanocomposite is significantly higher than that of single 2MgO·B₂O₃·1.5H₂O or Mg(OH)₂. The possible flame retarding mechanism has been proposed. It can be predicted that this nanocomposite could serve as a potential flame retardant.     

Synthesis of High Dispersion and Uniform Nano-sized Flame Retardant-Used Hexagonal Mg(OH)<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Nanosized dispersive flake-like magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) had been prepared by a hydrothermal method. In the process, when the surfactant polyvinyl pyrrolidone was added, high dispersion, small particle size and large specific surface area of hexagonal crystal magnesium hydroxide was obtained by ultrasonic dispersion and temperature program. The flame retardant of Mg(OH)₂ was systematically explored by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, BET analysis and thermo-gravimetric analysis tests. SEM showed the formation of uniform and small size magnesium hydroxide particle with hexagonal nanoscale. Under the optimized conditions, high nano-sized hexagonal Mg(OH)₂ was acquired with a mean particle size of 134 nm and a specific surface area of 26.66 m²/g. According to TGA results, the sample’s decomposition temperature was 626.9 K, which was consistent with the reported literature. It is vitally prospected that the prepared hexagonal Mg(OH)₂ is to be applied to the industry as a flame retardant.     

Characterization of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) filled with low grade magnesium hydroxide

Low-grade magnesium hydroxide (LG-MH) is a solid by-product that undergoes an endothermic decomposition in the temperature range of 300-750 °C. Due to its thermal behaviour and its lower cost relative to pure Mg(OH)₂, it was studied as a non-halogenated flame retardant filler in a 28% vinyl acetate (VA) content poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) matrix. The solid was characterized by XRF and the crystalline phases determined by XRD, composed predominantly of Mg(OH)₂ and calcium and magnesium carbonates. Particle size reduction was performed by both mechanical as well as air jet milling in order to optimize the particle size distribution.Composites with different filler concentrations were prepared to evaluate the mechanical properties and flame retardancy by means of limiting oxygen index tests. LOI was also determined in specimens filled with commercial flame-retardants to analyse the effectiveness of this solid.     

Effects of elastomer on morphology,flammability and rheological properties of HIPS/PS‐encapsulated Mg(OH)2 composites

The effects of elastomer type on morphology, flammability and rheological properties of high‐impact polystyrene/Mg(OH)₂ based on encapsulated by polystyrene have been investigated. The ternary composites characterized by cone calorimetry, horizontal burning rate, limiting oxygen index (LOI), rheology and SEM. Morphology was controlled using poly[styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene] triblock copolymer (SEBS) or the corresponding maleinated SEBS (SEBS‐g‐MA). As revealed by SEM observations, composites of HIPS/SEBS/Mg(OH)₂ exhibit separation of the filler and elastomer and good adhesion between SEBS and the filler, whereas composites of HIPS/SEBS‐g‐MA/Mg(OH)₂ exhibit encapsulation of the filler by SEBS‐g‐MA. The flame retardant and rheological properties of ternary composites were strongly dependent on microstructure. The rheological test showed that the composites with encapsulation structure exhibit a stronger solid‐like response at low frequency than those of the composites with separate dispersion structure. The combustion tests showed that the composites with encapsulation structure showed higher flame retardant properties than those of separate dispersion structure at optimum use level of SEBS‐g‐MA. However, with the increase of the content of SEBS‐g‐MA, the flame retardancy of the composite declined somewhat which can be explained that the SEBS‐g‐MA coating acts as a heat and mass transfer barrier due to the formation of encapsulation structure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2023–2030, 2007     

微纳米钙钛矿型羟基锡酸钙的合成及对环氧树脂的阻燃性能

钙钛矿型羟基锡酸盐是近年来出现的新型高效阻燃消烟剂. 本文采用化学共沉淀法合成了微纳米钙钛矿型羟基锡酸钙[CaSn(OH)₆, CSH], 并利用扫描电子显微镜、 透射电子显微镜、 X射线衍射仪、 红外光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱仪等对其形貌和结构进行表征. 结果表明合成的CaSn(OH)₆为平均粒径500 nm的纯净正六面体, 粒径均一且分散性良好. 将CaSn(OH)₆应用于环氧树脂(EP)复合阻燃体系(CSH/EP), 并分别采用热重分析、 极限氧指数和锥形量热测试表征了其热降解行为和燃烧性能. 采用扫描电子显微镜、 红外光谱、 X射线衍射和拉曼光谱对EP复合材料的阻燃成炭机制进行探索. 结果表明, CaSn(OH)₆能显著提高EP复合材料的高温稳定性、 热释放速率、 热释放量、 烟释放量和极限氧指数数值. 特别是在很低添加量(0.5%, 质量分数)下, 阻燃消烟性能即得到极大提升, 热释放速率、 总放热量和一氧化碳释放量分别降低45.8%, 25.1%和31.3%. 此外, 由于CaSn(OH)₆在EP基体中的良好分散及较强的界面作用, CaSn(OH)₆在提升EP复合材料阻燃消烟性的同时还提升了EP复合材料的力学强度. 本文合成的CaSn(OH)₆可作为一种多功能的高效阻燃、 消烟和增强剂.     

纤维级Mg(OH)_2超细粉的应用

天然水镁石经特殊加工制成纤维级Mg(OH) 2 超细粉 ,采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微分析技术对其结构进行认定和分析 ,研究了它与LDPE、PVC及橡胶等复合后的阻燃作用和相容性 ,同时对共混材料的其他性能进行了分析     

Effects of polystyrene-encapsulated magnesium hydroxide on rheological and flame-retarding properties of HIPS composites

In this study, polystyrene (PS)-encapsulated magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) was successfully prepared by in situ polymerization of styrene on the surface of Mg(OH)₂ in a high-speed mixer. A large amount of PS chemically bonded on Mg(OH)₂ surface was confirmed by means of FT-IR, TGA and SEM. A series of composites of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) were prepared by melt blending in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The effects of PS-encapsulated filler on the properties of HIPS composites were studied by SEM, rheology and combustion tests (horizontal burning tests and cone calorimetry). The dispersion and adhesion patterns of PS-encapsulated Mg(OH)₂ in HIPS matrix were investigated through FT-IR and SEM. The experimental results demonstrated that comparing to the composites containing untreated filler, the rheological and flame retardant properties of those containing PS-encapsulated filler were found to be significantly improved. This improvement is mostly attributed to a better dispersion of the encapsulated filler and a strong adhesion between the filler and matrix.