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1.
何涛  李广录  李雪梅 《化学进展》2011,(6):1081-1089
核壳结构纳米复合材料由于独特的物理、化学特性和广泛的应用前景,近年来成为研究的热点.本文系统地综述了核壳结构纳米复合材料的类型,针对应用方向总结了核壳结构纳米复合材料的研究现状.系统地归纳了核壳结构纳米复合材料在光学、催化、医药与生物、光子晶体、超疏水涂层等方面的应用,评述了其特点和发展的方向,并对其应用前景进行了展望...  相似文献   

2.
碳纳米管/高分子复合材料已经被广泛研究,但长期以来存在一个共同而关键的挑战,即碳纳米管无规聚集,结构难以调控,性能无法满足应用需要.本工作提出了制备取向碳纳米管/高分子复合材料的一种新方法,获得块状、膜状、纤维状复合材料,制备的关键步骤是通过化学气相沉积法合成可纺的高质量碳纳米管阵列.该方法简单易行,具有较好的普适性.由于碳纳米管取向排列,复合材料具有优异的物理性能,如碳纳米管取向后复合材料的机械强度和导电率可分别提高一个和三个数量级.在此基础上,进一步探讨取向碳纳米管/高分子复合材料作为新型电极在有机太阳能电池中的应用.  相似文献   

3.
石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及应用进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
石墨烯和碳纳米管都是纳米尺寸的碳材料,具有极大的比表面积、良好的导电性以及优秀的机械性能等特性.选择合适的方法制备出石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料,它们之间可以产生一种协同效应,使其各种物理化学性能得到增强,因而这种复合材料在很多领域有着极大的应用前景.以石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料为综述对象,详细地介绍了它的制备、掺杂和应用等方面的进展,同时也对其发展前景进行了展望.这种复合材料不仅被成功地应用在电容器、光电器件、储能电池、电化学传感器和其它领域,而且也会在这些领域内深化并向其它领域延伸.  相似文献   

4.
将珍珠贝壳废弃物活化并作为载体,应用原位水解法制备出Cu2O/珍珠贝壳复合材料.运用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱对复合材料进行表征.用活性大红染料B-3G水溶液作为模拟废水评价复合材料在可见光下的催化性能.结果表明,负载的Cu2O呈椭球形,理论平均粒径为16.8nm.复合材料对紫外和...  相似文献   

5.
除传统的催化、 吸附分离和离子交换外, 主客体组装化学赋予了沸石分子筛材料独特的物理化学性质和广阔的应用前景. 本文聚焦光致发光沸石分子筛复合材料, 综述了这类材料最新的研究进展, 总结了不同发光客体, 如稀土金属、 金属簇、 量子点/碳点等与沸石分子筛形成的复合材料的制备方法与组装策略, 介绍了该类复合材料的光致发光性质和潜在应用, 探究了复合材料中可能存在的量子限域、 分子间相互作用、 能量转移和电子转移等对发光的影响, 并对未来光致发光沸石分子筛复合材料的发展前景进行了展望.  相似文献   

6.
纳米无机阻燃剂的研究进展   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
本文概述了纳米三氧化二锑、纳米氢氧化铝、纳米氢氧化镁、纳米层状双氢氧化物无机阻燃剂的制备方法、阻燃性和在纳米阻燃复合材料中的应用,并总结了纳米阻燃剂对复合材料的阻燃机理,提出了在阻燃复合材料方面的研究方向与建议.  相似文献   

7.
石墨烯及其复合材料具有优异的物理和化学性能,在电子、能源、催化、医药以及生物传感等领域应用潜能巨大,因此探究高质量、高产量和规模化的制备方法对石墨烯基复合材料未来的开发和应用至关重要.电化学法是一种有望实现绿色规模化制备石墨烯及其复合材料的方法,本文作者综述了国内外电化学制备石墨烯及其复合材料的主要方法:阳极氧化、阴极还原、电化学还原、离子液体功能化、电沉积、电聚合等,并对其反应原理和主要影响因素进行了详细的分析和介绍,最后对其应用前景进行了深度的展望.  相似文献   

8.
金纳米复合材料因其优良的导电能力、较好生物相容性和催化活性,在传感、催化等领域应用广泛.本文综述了金纳米复合材料的常用组装方法及其在食品分析、药物检测、环境监测、生物分析等方面的应用,并对其发展方向进行了展望.  相似文献   

9.
环氧树脂与氰酸酯共固化产物性能的研究   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
环氧树脂是一类综合性能优良并获广泛应用的热固性树脂基体 .但是通常的环氧树脂基体中含有大量反应生成的羟基等极性基团 ,吸湿率高 ,使其复合材料在湿热环境下力学性能和介电性能显著下降 .应用氰酸酯改性固化的环氧树脂等热固性树脂 ,将赋予以其为基体的复合材料以优异的耐热性能、力学性能和介电性能[1 ,2 ] .这类复合材料的研究开发对特种电子电气绝缘材料和先进复合材料的发展具有重要意义 .作者曾应用FT IR、DSC等分析技术对氰酸酯与环氧树脂 (氰酸酯在欠量、适量和过量条件下 )的共固化反应机理和固化物结构特征等进行过深入…  相似文献   

10.
壳聚糖纳米复合材料   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
壳聚糖纳米材料成为近年研究的热点,随着研究的不断深入,众多的壳聚糖纳米复合材料也应运而生.由于这类材料的制备与复合作用有关,因此在研究与开发阶段进行形成壳聚糖纳米复合材料的物理(或化学)作用的研究具有重要的意义.本文归纳总结了近年来国内外壳聚糖纳米复合材料研究现状和发展趋势,讨论了静电作用、共价交联作用、吸附作用和氢键作用多种复合方式以及复合材料在各个领域中的应用.目前这类材料由于其优越的生物相容性主要用于药物载体.  相似文献   

11.
The carbon nanotube/polyaniline (CNT/PANI) composites have important potential applications as the electrodes in energy storage devices for their attractive electrochemical properties. In this work, we report a novel method to prepare the interesting paper-like CNT/PANI composites by using the CNT network as the template. Compared with the conventional brittle CNT/PANI composites, these paper-like composites were much thin and flexible. This work demonstrates a new approach, which may transform a brittle polymer into flexible films. Meanwhile, these film electrodes showed much superior electrochemical performance such as higher specific capacitance, lower internal resistivity, and more stability under different current loads. These paper-like composite electrodes have promising applications in new kinds of energy storage devices.  相似文献   

12.
石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料由于其优异的电学、热学、电化学性能和机械性能等特点,吸引了研究者们的广泛关注。本文对近几年来石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料的发展状况进行了简单介绍,首先总结了原位聚合法、界面聚合法、自组装法、溶液共混法等不同制备方法对石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料结构和性能的影响。由于石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料结合了石墨烯和聚苯胺两者的优点,展现出更加优异的性能,因此本文还对其在超级电容器、传感器、燃料电池、太阳能电池等方面的应用进行了详细介绍。  相似文献   

13.
舒建华  仇伟  郑少琴 《化学进展》2009,21(5):1015-1022
由于聚苯胺/纳米金复合材料不仅同时具有纳米金和聚苯胺原有的特异性能,而且两组分之间还存在着相互协同作用,极大地提升了聚苯胺基体的性能,从而表现出突出的固有电导性、优异的反应催化性和特殊的电荷传递性,因此成为近年来的研究热点。本文综述了聚苯胺/纳米金复合材料的最新研究进展:归纳了聚苯胺/纳米金复合材料的制备方法和各种方法的机理,简单介绍了复合材料在生物医学、传感器和微电子装置等方面的应用,展望了今后复合材料研究的方向。  相似文献   

14.
The present article deals with current trends in spinel based modified polymer composite materials for applications in the field of electromagnetic shielding. The interaction between the various spinel based materials and polymers is an emerging field of studies among various researchers. The thermal stability, electrical conductivity, the bonding between the metal ferrites and the polymer plays an important role in the interaction of electromagnetic radiation. These properties also effect the mechanism of the EM waves for the shielding applications. Considering these all properties, polyaniline appears to be an suitable polymer for electromagnetic shielding applications. Polyaniline composites not only reinforced the properties of spinel materials but also enhanced the dielectric properties of the composite material. When carbon based materials such as graphene, graphene oxide and CNT was added along with spinel material in polyaniline based composite, they accelerate the electrical properties and enhances the shielding applications. In this paper the various synthesis methods, fabrication methods of polyaniline, and the properties of polyaniline based composites have been discussed. In addition, the various salient features and futuristic challenges of polyaniline based composite materials for EMI shielding applications were attempted to make a well equipped material for radar absorption.  相似文献   

15.
聚苯胺/金属纳米粒子复合物的制备及性能   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
李新贵  孙晋  黄美荣 《化学进展》2007,19(5):787-795
基于国内外最新研究文献及本课题组研究工作,从发展历史、制备方法、多功能性方面系统综述了近年来发展起来的聚苯胺/金属纳米粒子复合物。在聚苯胺基体中引入金属纳米粒子的方法可归纳为3大类:原位复合法、直接共混法和层层自组装法。所形成的有机聚苯胺和无机金属杂化复合物不仅能保留各自原有的特异性能,而且二组分之间还存在着相互协同作用,能够极大地提升基体聚苯胺材料的性能,电导率最高可提高100倍,电氧化催化电流最高可提高10倍。分散在聚苯胺膜中的极少量铂微粒就能使不锈钢板的腐蚀电位稳定在钝化区域。聚苯胺/金属纳米粒子复合物所表现出的突出的固有电导性、优异的反应催化性和极强的金属防腐性,使其跻身于为数不多的新型高性能复合材料之列,显示出了诱人的应用前景。  相似文献   

16.
A simple method was used to synthesize the hybrid nanocomposites consisting of the functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube composites (MWCNTs) with the polyaniline incorporated silver nanoparticles (a-MWCNT/PANI-Ag) through an emulsion polymerization at room temperature in order to enhance the electrical conductivity of polyaniline. The electrical conductivity of the composite with the incorporated Ag nanoparticles was 5% higher than the same weight percent for the composite without Ag nanoparticles, and the thermal stability was dramatically increased from 54% for the composite (a-MWCNT/PANI) to 69% through the incorporation of the Ag nanoparticles at 830°C. Additionally, the advantages of the Ag nanoparticles, including the improved electrical and thermal properties without damage to the polyaniline structure, were confirmed using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy.  相似文献   

17.
Polyaniline nanofibers and their composites with carbon nanotubes were developed as an effective flame‐retardant material using a facile green method. Polyaniline nanofibers were used as a smart flame‐retardant for acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene polymer. The polyaniline nanofibers were dispersed in polymer matrix forming well‐dispersed polymer nanocomposites. Effect of polyaniline nanofiber mass ratio on the polymer nanocomposite properties was studied. Polyaniline nanofiber composites with carbon nanotubes were also dispersed in polymer matrix. The thermal stability and flammability properties of the polymer nanocomposites were investigated. The rate of burning of polymer nanocomposites achieved 82.5% reduction (7.32 mm/min) compared with virgin polymer (42.5 mm/min). The reduction in peak heat release rate and total heat release of the polymer nanocomposites containing nanofibers achieved 74 and 34%, respectively. Interestingly, the average mass loss rate was significantly reduced by 58% and the emission of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gases were suppressed by 20 and 47%, respectively. The effect of polyaniline nanofibers composites on the flammability of polymer nanocomposites was also studied. Polyaniline nanofibers and their composites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The dispersion of polyaniline nanofibers in polymer nanocomposites was characterized using transmission electron microscopy. The different polymer nanocomposites were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, UL94 flame chamber, and cone calorimeter tests. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
聚苯胺复合材料研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
综述了聚苯胺/无机物复合材料和聚苯胺/有机高聚物复合材料的合成方法,性能特征,并展望了聚苯胺复合材料的研究,应用前景。  相似文献   

19.
王心怡  杨小刚  李斌 《化学通报》2016,79(8):707-713
复合材料是由两种或多种性质不同的物质组成的多元材料,具有比各组分材料更优异的或原来不具备的性能。聚苯胺(PANI)作为最具应用前景的导电高分子材料,国内外对基于PANI的复合材料的研究也愈加关注。本文对PANI复合材料制备方法的研究成果进行了综述,主要包括原位化学法、共混法、电化学法、层层自组装法等。探讨了PANI复合材料在电极、导电、防腐、传感、分离、催化等方面的应用性能,并展望了PANI复合材料今后研究与应用的发展方向。  相似文献   

20.
Composites based on aligned carbon nanotubes and polyaniline are prepared via the electrochemical polycondensation of aniline in a sulf uric acid solution. The structure of the composites and the character of interaction of polyaniline and the surface of carbon nanotubes are studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and IR and X-ra y photoelectron spectroscopy. It is shown that in the composites, electron density is transferred from the carbon nanotube to the polyaniline film. The occurrence of polyaniline on the surface of nanotubes increases the mean current in cyclic voltammograms of the composite material and leads to a marked increase in the calculated specific capacity of electrodes formed on its basis.  相似文献   

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