锌含量对Zn/HZSM-5催化剂性能的影响

 研究了不同锌含量的Zn／HZSM－5分子筛的表面酸性及其对正己\r\n烷芳构化反应的催化活性、选择性和稳定性．结果表明,锌组元的引入\r\n减少了HZSM－5表面的B酸,增加了L酸,总酸量增大;正己烷转化率随\r\n锌含量的增加先降低后升高;芳烃产率和芳构化选择性则随锌含量的增\r\n加先增大后趋于平缓;反应过程中催化剂的积炭速度、孔体积和比表面\r\n积下降速度都随着锌含量的增加而加快;锌含量大于1％时,Zn／HZSM\r\n－5的催化稳定性不如HZSM－5,且随着锌含量的增加失活速度加快．优\r\n选的锌含量为1．0％～2．9％．此外,讨论了Zn／HZSM－5的催化性能\r\n与其表面性质的关系．     

Re/HZSM-5体系上的甲烷无氧芳构化反应

 与Mo／HZSM－5相比，Re／HZSM－5也是较好的甲烷无氧芳构化催\r\n化剂，其初活性较高，但随着反应的进行，催化剂失活的速率较快．通\r\n过NH3－TPD，H2－TPR和MASNMR等手段，对催化剂的酸性和分子筛骨架\r\n铝的变化以及铼物种的还原性能进行了研究．结果表明，催化剂酸性的\r\n在反应中起着重要的作用，但不同铼担载量的催化剂酸性的变化比较复\r\n杂，不同于Mo／HZSM－5体系．总的来看，并不是酸性越强或酸量越多\r\n，催化剂的催化性能就越好；催化剂的酸性和酸量都有一个最佳值．担\r\n载铼物种后，铼物种可与分子筛的骨架铝发生强烈的相互作用，最终导\r\n致骨架脱铝．Re／HZSM－5催化剂具有较高的低温活性，在较低温度下\r\n可被还原性气氛还原，且还原后的活性物种单一．     

高比表面积窄孔分布氧化铝的制备研究 Ⅰ.沉淀条件的影响

 以硫酸铝液为原料，以氨水、氢氧化钠和铝酸钠为碱沉淀剂，采用pH摆动法制备了高比表面积、大孔径、窄孔分布、大孔体积氧化铝，考察了沉淀剂、沉淀温度及沉淀时酸侧pH值对氧化铝物性的影响，并对pH摆动法与等pH沉淀法的结果进行了比较．结果表明，通过改变制备参数可以获得高比表面积、大孔体积的氧化铝，当沉淀温度为70℃，pH摆动3或4次时，氧化铝的孔体积可高达1．0ml／g，比表面积仍大于300m2／g．用pH摆动法制得的样品比用等pH沉淀法制得的样品容易酸溶，对挤压成型有利．不同样品在酸溶液中的分散性表明，用氨水沉淀剂可获得相对较小的沉淀粒子．改变沉淀时酸侧的pH值，可导致沉淀粒子的结构发生变化．     

水热处理对纳米HZSM－5沸石酸性质及其降低汽油烯烃性能的影响

 采用水蒸气和碱性氨水蒸气在500℃下对纳米HZSM－5沸石催化剂进行了水热处理改性，并用XRD，IR，NH3－TPD和XRF对催化剂进行了表征．以降低FCC汽油（≤70℃馏分）烯烃含量为探针反应，考察了不同水热处理介质对催化剂酸性质和催化性能的影响．结果表明，经不同介质水热处理后，纳米HZSM－5沸石中约10％的Al2O3被脱除，总酸量降低，导致积炭失活的强酸中心明显减少；不同水热处理介质对催化剂的总酸量没有明显影响，而对酸中心类型分布的影响较大．水热处理改性使催化剂活性的稳定性明显改善，初始活性降低．同时，水热处理改性降低了催化剂对芳构化反应的催化活性，提高了对异构化反应的催化活性．采用氨水（0．5mol／L）蒸气处理的纳米HZSM－5催化剂其降烯烃催化活性更为稳定．在给定的反应条件下，FCC汽油的烯烃含量（φ）由65．9％降低到约26％，产物中烯烃、芳烃（主要是C7～C9芳烃）和烷烃含量分别保持在25％，19％和55％左右，辛烷值基本不变．     

共聚型HEH（EHP）萃淋树脂孔结构与镨钕分离效能的关系研究

本文应用性能优良的2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基脂（HEH（EHP））萃取剂，首次制备了一系列不同孔结构的萃淋树脂，研究了孔结构等与镧系元素中最难分离的镨钕分离效能之关系，探寻出最适宜的孔结构（提去HEH（EHP）。其比表面积S为209M~2·g~（－1），平均孔径为7．7nm，孔体积Vg0．401ml／g；HEH（EHP）最适宜量为46．5％，从而达到最佳分离。     

HF处理对β沸石结构和酸性的影响

 采用FT－IR，XRD，BET，TPD，元素分析及孔结构和比表面积测试等手段研究了骨架外氧化铝存在的条件下，HF处理对Hβ沸石结构和\r\n酸性的影响，并提出了HF改性机理．结果表明，在酸处理和氟化的双重影响下，桥形羟基（3605cm－1）、骨架外铝物种的羟基（3660cm－1）和不稳定骨架铝物种的高频羟基（3782cm－1）逐渐减少，而链末端Si羟基（3745cm－1）和羟基窝附近Si羟基（3730cm－1）逐渐增多．同时，随着处理程度的加深，β沸石的总酸量逐渐减少并趋于稳定，强弱酸比值逐渐增大，B酸量先降后升，L酸量逐渐下降．但是，改性程度较深时β沸石的酸性变化不大．     

钛层柱粘土的合成 Ⅰ．四氯化钛作钛源

由ＴｉＣｌ４／ＨＣｌ配制的含钛柱化剂与粘土进行阳离子交换后得到大孔钛层柱粘土（Ｔｉ－ＰＩＬＣ），详细研究了各种合成条件，诸如Ｔｉ（Ⅳ）及ＨＣｌ浓度，柱化剂老化时间，粘土初始浓度，交换温度及配料比等对层柱粘土的大孔及比表面积的影响．优化条件合成的Ｔｉ－ＰＩＬＣ存在两种晶面间距（ｄ００１），其中之一（２．５６ｎｍ）对应大孔结构．Ｔｉ－ＰＩＬＣ比表面积为３２８ｍ２／ｇ，５００℃焙烧后ｄ００１保持２．３２ｎｍ，６５０℃焙烧后比表面积仍达３０１．４ｍ２／ｇ．Ｔｉ－ＰＩＬＣ的大孔结构主要取决于交换时混合液中Ｔｉ（Ⅳ）和ＨＣｌ浓度，并与柱化剂老化时间、交换温度等因素有关；与原柱化剂中Ｔｉ（Ⅳ）和ＨＣｌ浓度无关．混合液中ＣＨＣｌ提高，Ｔｉ－ＰＩＬＣ的比表面积下降；当ＣＨＣｌ增至７０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，产物中大晶面间距消失，仅留下小晶面间距（～１．４ｎｍ）．随着混合液中ＣＴｉＣｌ４的提高，Ｔｉ－ＰＩＬＣ的比表面积先上升而后下降。当ＣＴｉＣｌ４增至１４６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，产物也仅有小晶面间距（１．４ｎｍ）．     

共聚型2—乙基己基膦酸单2—乙基己基酯萃淋树脂孔结构与分离效？…

应用性能优良的２－乙基己基膦酸单２－乙基己基酯ＨＥＨ（ＥＨＰ）萃取剂，首次制备了一系列不同孔结构的萃淋树脂，针对难以分离的镧系元素最难分离的镨，钕，研究了孔结构等与分离效能之关系，探寻出最适宜的孔结构，其比表面积Ｓ为２０９ｍ＾２／ｇ，平均孔径为７．７ｎｍ孔体积Ｖｇ０．４０１ｍＬ／ｇ；ＨＥＨ（ＥＨＰ）最适宜量为４６．５％，从而达到最佳分离。     

共聚型2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯萃淋树脂孔结构与分离效能的关系

应用性能优良的２－乙基己基膦酸单２－乙基已基酯ＨＥＨ（ＥＨＰ）萃取剂，首次制备了一系列不同孔结构的萃淋树脂，针对难以分离的镧系元素中最难分离的镨、钕，研究了孔结构等与分离效能之关系，探寻出最适宜的孔结构。其比表面积Ｓ为 ２０９ ｍ２／ｇ，平均孔径为 ７．７ｎｍ，孔体积Ｖｇ ０．４０１ｍＬ／ｇ；ＨＥＨ（ＥＨＰ）最适宜量为４６．５％，从而达到最佳分离。     

水蒸气处理对HZSM-5分子筛催化剂的酸性及孔结构的影响

通过XRD，NH3-TPD，IR，比表面与孔结构测定等方法，研究了HZSM-5分子筛（硅铝比为38）在不同温度下进行水热处理时的酸性与孔结构。结果表明，随着水热处理温度的提高，HZSM-5分子筛的结晶度稍有增大；酸性明显减弱，弱酸位增多，强酸位相对减少；IR谱图上有一定的蓝移；比表面与微孔体积减小，介孔体积增大。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。     

Stages of thermal decomposition of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur

Thermal behaviour of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur: Na₂SO₄, Na₂S₂O₇, Na₂S₂O₆, Na₂SO₃, Na₂S₂O₅, Na₂S₂O₄, Na₂S₂O₃, Na₂S₃O₆ and of sulphides Na₂S and Na₂S₂ was studied on heating up to 1000°C. The experiments were performed with anhydrous compounds obtained from commercial products by recrystallisation and dehydration. The stage mechanisms of decomposition of anionic sub-lattices of the salts have been proposed basing on the Górski’s morphological classification of simple species. The thermal stability and the stage decomposition mechanisms were correlated with the structure and the potential chemical properties of the salt anions. The thermal decomposition processes were studied by means of thermal analysis, and the decomposition products were identified by means of X-ray phase analysis.