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1.
 应用XPS,XRD,TEM和TPR等表征技术研究了CO常压气相偶联合成草酸酯反应体系中Pd-Fe/α-Al2O3催化剂的表面结构. 结果表明,催化剂表面的活性组分钯以高度分散的Pd0形式存在,分散的钯微晶平均粒径约为8 nm; 助剂铁以Fe2+形式存在,其分散度极高. 根据表征实验结果,讨论了活性组分、助剂和载体三者之间的相互作用. 助剂可以优先高度分散在载体表面,而活性组分会自动落位在助剂层上达到均匀分散,即催化剂表面形成了类似于金属-金属氧化物-载体相间的结构.  相似文献   

2.
何奕工  满征 《催化学报》2004,25(5):353-356
 采用红外光谱、核磁共振光谱和X射线荧光法研究了异丁烷与丁烯烷基化反应中反应助剂HF与20%H3PW12O40/SiO2固体酸催化剂的相互作用. 结果表明,反应物料中微量的反应助剂HF酸并未与催化剂表面的活性组分磷钨酸H3PW12O40(HPW)分子发生化学反应生成新的化学物质和结构. 催化剂表面的活性组分HPW可以吸收HF分子进入它的体相,吸收阈值为每个HPW分子吸收5个HF分子. 催化剂活性组分HPW吸收了反应助剂HF进入体相后形成了HPW-5HF形式的杂多酸假液相,这大大增加了催化剂的酸中心密度和酸中心强度,加快了烷基化反应的关键中间产物C8+与i-C4分子之间的氢转移反应, 从而大幅度提高了反应的目的产物三甲基戊烷的选择性.  相似文献   

3.
Cu/Zn/Al/Mn催化剂上CO/CO2加氢合成甲醇特性研究   总被引:12,自引:5,他引:12  
利用共沉淀法制备了四组分的Cu-Zn-Al-Mn和Cu-Zn-Al-Ce催化剂以及三组分的Cu-Zn-Al催化剂。利用组成H2/CO/CO2/N2=66/27/3/4(体积比)的富CO原料气对催化剂进行了活性评价,并研究了温度、压力和空速等反应条件对催化剂活性的影响。结果发现添加适量的锰助剂能显著提高催化剂的活性和热稳定性。利用SEM和XRD方法进行了催化剂的结构和形貌表征,同样表明锰助剂可以起到阻止CuO晶粒长大和促进CuO分散作用。利用富CO2的生物质原料气体积比为H2/CO/CO2/N2=50/25/20/5对Cu-Zn-Al-Mn催化剂进行的评价表明:Cu-Zn-Al-Mn催化剂上CO/CO2加氢合成甲醇的甲醇产率和选择性均有下降,在试验范围内,甲醇产率下降11%~25%,选择性为93%~95%。  相似文献   

4.
NiCu/ZnO催化剂的甲醇裂解制氢研究   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
席靖宇  吕功煊 《分子催化》2001,15(3):191-195
系统地研究了各种助剂对Cu/ZnO催化剂催化甲醇裂解反应性能的影响,发现助剂的添加,对催化剂的甲醇解反应活性及稳定性均有不同程度地改善,其中添加Ni的效果最为明显,活性考察的结果表明,NiCu/ZnO催化剂,对于甲醇的转化率及稳定性均较高,且甲烷的选择性低,稳定性考察结果显示,在同样条件下,NiCu/ZnO催化剂具有较高的性,催化剂结构分析表明,Ni的添加,明显地抑制了CuZn合金的形成,保证了活性组分Cu的稳定。  相似文献   

5.
锆助剂对低温液相合成甲醇用铜铬硅催化剂性能的影响   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
考察了含锆的铜铬硅催化剂低温液相合成甲醇性能,并进行了BET、TPR-H2、TPD-H2、TPD-CO、XRD和XPS表征。结果表明,锆作为结构助剂及电子助剂对催化剂在低温液相合成甲醇反应中具有显著的促进作用,反应活性可提高32.25 %。锆助剂能有效提高催化剂的比表面积,促进催化剂中铜铬组分的分散及表面富集。ZrO2加入在催化剂表面产生的Cu+与催化活性的改善密切相关,Zr4+、Cr3+、Cu+可形成复合中心,为价态的稳定性提供微环境,在H2活化及C O键的断裂等反应步骤中起重要作用。  相似文献   

6.
CuO—ZnO—La2O3—AI2O3催化剂上的甲醇水蒸汽重整   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
研究了La助剂对甲醇不蒸汽重整制氢CuO-ZnO-AI2O3催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,加入La助剂后,催化剂的低温活性和稳定性都得到明显提高;稳定性实验表明,在合适的反应条件下,CuO-ZnO-La2O3-AI2O3催化剂经600h实验,其甲醇转化率稳定在87.5%以上,CO含量低于0.35%,显示出良好的工业应用前景。XPS研究表明,加入La助剂后,铜组分在催化剂表面得到了更好的分散,且反应过程中在该催化剂表面Zn的富集量远高于在CuO-ZnO-AI2O3催化剂表面上。  相似文献   

7.
锰和镧改性Cu/ZrO2 合成甲醇催化剂的结构及催化性能   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
 考察了锰和镧助剂对Cu/ZrO2催化剂上CO加氢合成甲醇反应性能的影响,并通过BET,XRD,TPR,H2-TPD和CO-TPD等手段对催化剂的结构及吸附-脱附性能进行了研究. 结果表明,锰和镧两种助剂均能有效地提高催化剂的活性,同时引入两种助剂时可使催化剂的活性进一步提高,表现出较强的协同效应. 一方面,锰的加入可使催化剂各组分的相互作用增强,特别是铜锰复合物的形成可有效地促进活性组分的分散,防止催化剂的烧结; 另一方面,镧助剂的引入进一步增强了铜锆在界面的相互作用,稳定了催化剂的活性中心,有利于吸附物种在两者之间发生溢流.  相似文献   

8.
钙基负载型固体碱催化酯交换反应活性评价   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
动植物油脂与醇通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油,目前,工业上一般采用NaOH、KOH、NaOCH,等均相催化剂。均相催化剂的缺点是产品后处理复杂,产生大量含碱含油工业废水。而非均相固体碱催化酯交换反应,产品与催化剂分离容易,产品不需要水洗,避免了大量废液的排放。采用非均相固体碱制备生物柴油的文献报道较多,但固体碱的碱中心数、碱中心强度对酯交换反应影响的报道较少。本研究制备了钙基负载型固体碱催化剂,重点研究钙基负载型固体碱的制备工艺条件对碱强度、碱量分布的影响,考察碱强度、碱量分布对催化菜籽油与甲醇的酯交换反应制备生物柴油转化率的影响。  相似文献   

9.
研制了适合多乙苯脱氢制多乙烯苯的Fe-K-Ce复合型脱氢催化剂.助剂钾以钾霞石(KAlSiO4)方式引入,既克服了钾的大量流失,又保留了钾碱的抗积炭性能,使催化剂活性稳定.另一助剂CeO2的加入对催化剂中的各组分起到了一定的分散作用,使催化剂晶粒度变小,并且提高了活性组分Fe2O3的还原温度,因而可增强催化剂的抗还原能力.  相似文献   

10.
李渊  赵新强  王延吉 《催化学报》2004,25(8):633-636
 首次开发出对环氧丙烷、二氧化碳和甲醇合成碳酸二甲酯反应具有较高活性和稳定性的KOH/4A分子筛固体催化剂,考察了反应温度和催化剂活性组分KOH的负载量等因素对催化剂性能的影响. 在优化的实验条件下,环氧丙烷可以完全转化,碳酸二甲酯的收率为168%. 从实验结果推测,产物碳酸二甲酯是由环氧丙烷和二氧化碳加成生成碳酸丙烯酯,然后与甲醇发生酯交换反应生成的,甲醇对环氧丙烷和二氧化碳合成碳酸丙烯酯反应具有助催化作用.  相似文献   

11.
We attempted the treatment of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in hydrofluoric acid (HF) aqueous solution for depositing Pt nanoparticles as catalysts for methanol oxidation for the first time. The preliminary results revealed that the Pt nanoparticles could be well dispersed on HF treated MWCNTs and gave enhanced activity and stability for methanol oxidation. As demonstrated in this study, the Pt supported on HF treated MWCNTs catalyst gave over doubled current density than that of Pt supported on as-received MWCNTs for methanol oxidation at the same Pt loadings. The enhancement in the stability of the Pt supported on HF treated MWCNTs catalyst for methanol oxidation is believed due to the stronger interaction between Pt nanoparticles and MWCNTs. This study opens promising possibilities for anchoring metal nanoparticles on the walls of the MWCNTs uniformly and stably.  相似文献   

12.
The vapour phase synthesis of isobutyraldehyde from methanol and ethanol in one step was investigated over titania-silica, titania-alumina, titania-zirconia, titania-silica-zirconia, and magnesia supported vanadium oxide catalysts at 623 K and under normal atmospheric pressure. Among various catalysts the titania-silica binary oxide supported vanadia provided higher yields than the other single or mixed oxide supported catalysts. The high conversion and product selectivity of V2O5/TiO2-SiO2 catalyst (20 wt% V2O5) was related to the better dispersion of vanadium oxide over titania-silica mixed oxide support in addition to other acid-base and redox characteristics. A reaction path for the formation of isobutyraldehyde from methanol and ethanol mixtures over these catalysts was described.  相似文献   

13.
Carboxylic ester is one of the important fine chemicals, which is usually synthesized with various mineral acids as catalysts, such as H2SO4, HF, H3PO4, etc. But these liquid catalysts are toxic, corrosive and often hard to be recovered from the reaction …  相似文献   

14.
Electro-oxidation of methanol was studied on titanium supported nanocrystallite Pt and Ptx-Sny catalysts prepared by electrodeposition techniques. Their electro-catalytic activities were studied in 0.5mol/L H2SO4 and compared to those of a smooth Pt, Pt/Pt and Pt-Sn/Pt electrodes. Platinum was deposited on Ti by galvanostatic and potentiostatic techniques. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques were applied in order to investigate the chemical composition and the phase structure of the modified electrodes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the surface morphology and to correlate the results obtained from the two electrochemical deposition methods. Results show that modified Pt/Ti electrodes prepared by the two methods have comparable performance and enhanced catalytic activity towards methanol electro-oxidation compared to Pt/Pt and smooth Pt electrodes. Steady state Tafel plots experiments show a higher rate of methanol oxidation on a Pt/Ti catalyst than that on a smooth Pt.  Introduction of a small amount of Sn deposited with Pt improves the catalytic activity and the stability of prepared electrode with time as indicated from the cyclic votlammetry and the chronoamperometric experiments. The effect of variations in the composition for binary catalysts of the type Ptx-Sny/Ti towards the methanol oxidation reaction is reported. Consequently, the Ptx-Sny/Ti (x∶y (8∶1), molar ratio) catalyst is a very promising one for methanol oxidation.  相似文献   

15.
A simple method for the preparation of PdCo@Pd core-shell nanoparticles supported on carbon based on an adsorbate-induced surface segregation effect has been developed. The stability of these PdCo@Pd nanoparticles and their electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were enhanced by decoration with a small amount of Pt deposited via a spontaneous displacement reaction. The facile method described herein is suitable for large-scale, lower-cost production and significantly lowers the Pt loading and thus the cost. The as-prepared PdCo@Pd and Pd-decorated PdCo@Pd nanocatalysts have a higher methanol tolerance than Pt/C in the ORR and are promising cathode catalysts for fuel cell applications.  相似文献   

16.
喷雾干燥法制备具有三维结构的氧化石墨烯(PGO),在其表面进一步负载活性成分Pt,得到纳米Pt/PGO复合催化剂。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透视电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)等对催化剂的形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明,PGO具有类似于长4-6μm和宽2.0-3.0μm的三维纸团结构,平均粒径为4.2 nm的Pt纳米粒子均匀分布在其表面。采用循环伏安和计时电流法研究了在酸性溶液中催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化性能。结果表明,Pt/PGO催化剂对甲醇呈现出更高的电催化氧化活性和稳定性。PGO所具有的三维结构和双功能作用机理有利于甲醇在铂表面的电催化氧化过程的发生。  相似文献   

17.
Titania supported on polyester fabric (TiO2–PY) with varying titania loadings (2–7 wt%) were prepared via the dip-coating method at room temperature using an aqueous slurry of anatase titania. Structural and morphological characterizations by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the titanium dioxide crystallites deposited on the surface of the polyester fabric were in the micrometer range while their phase remained to be anatase. Photocatalytic activity of TiO2–PY fabric catalysts was evaluated for vapor-phase oxidation of methanol in air as a test reaction in the presence of UV as well as solar radiation under ambient conditions. These catalysts were found to be quite active in both UV and solar irradiation with activity being higher in the former case. CO2 yield from photo-oxidation of methanol depended on titania content and also on its dispersion over polyester fabric support.  相似文献   

18.
In this paper, the effect of catalyst preparation on the activity of supported Cu catalyst for oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate was investigated. The results showed that after addING metal hydroxide, the supported Cu catalyst enhanced the conversion of methanol and the selectivity TO of DMC and the suitable mole ratio of OH/Cu is 1.0. The optimum Cu content lies in 6-10 wt.% and varies with reaction temperature. The suitable calcination temperature range is 200-300oC considering both factors of methanol conversion and DMC selectivity. The effect of particle size of the catalysts on the activity is negligible.  相似文献   

19.
A novel Pt/Au/C catalyst was prepared by depositing the Pt and Au nanoparticles on the carbon support. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemically analyzed for activity towards oxygen-reduction reaction and methanol oxidation reaction. EDX and TEM results reveal that Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon supports were separated by Au nanoparticles. The electrochemical analysis indicate that the novel catalyst showed the enhanced methanol tolerance while maintaining a high catalytic activity for the oxygen-reduction reaction, which could be attributed to the less methanol adsorption on Pt/Au/C catalyst.  相似文献   

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