反应条件对Zr—Mn—K催化剂合成甲醇,异丁醇的影响

用共沉淀法和超临界干燥法分别制备沉淀型Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂和超细Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ经剂，由合成气合成甲醇、异丁醇。考察了反应条件对两类催化剂合成甲醇、异丁醇的影响。超细催化剂生成异丁醇活性明显高于沉淀催化剂。在４００℃、５０００ｈ＾－１、１０．０ＭＰａ的反应条件下，超细催化剂异丁醇的含量可达１７．３１％，时空产率为１８．２ｍｌ／ｈ．Ｌｃａｔ．，１６ＭＰａ时异丁醇时空产率达３３．９２ｍｌ／ｈ．Ｌｃａｔ。     

Zr—Mn—K催化超临界相合成甲醇与异丁醇的研究

用共沉淀法和超临界流体干燥法,分别制备了Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ沉淀型催化剂和超细催化剂。以正十一－十三烷的混合物为超临界介质,在反应温度３６０－４１０℃,合成气压力为７．５ＭＰａ,ＧＨＳＶ１７００ｈ＾－１及介质压力２．０８ＭＰａ的实验条件下,分别考虑了超细催化剂和沉淀催化剂的气相和超临界相催化合成气制甲醇,异丁醇的性能。     

稀土助剂对Zr－Mn－K催化剂上甲醇、异丁醇合成的影响

在Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂中添加稀土氧化物助剂Ｐｒ６Ｏ_（１１）、Ｓｍ_２Ｏ_３可以显著提高合成气合成甲醇、异丁醇的活性，特别是异丁醇的时空产率在４００℃、１０ＭＰａ、５０００~（－１）的反应条件下，由原来的５．９分别增加到１１．５、９．８ｍｌ／ｈ·ｌｃａｔ．。催化剂的ＸＲＤ、ＬＲＳ、ＴＰＲ、ＴＥＭ图和比表面测定结果一致表明，稀土元素可使催化剂晶粒细化、高度分散，稳定了四方相。ＸＰＳ结果表明：ＲＥＯ的加入使表面Ｍｎ富集，且催化剂表面Ｍｎ和Ｋ的比例影响其合成甲醇、异丁醇的活性与选择性。     

Zr-Mn-K催化剂超临界相合成甲醇与异丁醇的研究

用共沉淀法和超临界流体干燥法,分别制备了Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ沉淀型催化剂和超细催化剂．以正十一～十三烷的混合物为超临界介质,在反应温度３６０～４１０℃、合成气压力７．５ＭＰａ、ＧＨＳＶ１７００ｈ－１及介质压力２．０８ＭＰａ的实验条件下,分别考察了超细催化剂和沉淀催化剂的气相和超临界相催化合成气制甲醇、异丁醇的性能．气相和超临界相反应的研究均表明,超细催化剂催化合成异丁醇的活性高于沉淀催化剂;在超临界条件下反应,超细催化剂上产物的异丁醇含量较高（为２３％～３２％）,甲醇含量为２２％～３３％,其它醇均在１０％左右．气相与超临界相反应结果的对比显示,超临界流体促进产物的脱附与传递,提高了ＣＯ的转化率．但超临界流体对甲烷的萃取作用强于对醇的萃取,醇选择性低于气相反应．在超临界条件下合成甲醇、异丁醇仍遵循异丁醇形成的链增长机理,超临界流体改变了链增长各步骤的相对速度,致使超临界相反应的产物分布不同于气相反应的产物分布．     

稀土助剂对Zr—Mn—K催化剂上甲醇,异丁醇合成的影响

在Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂中添加稀土氧化物助剂Ｐｒ６Ｏ１１，Ｓｍ２Ｏ３可以显著提高合成气合成甲醇，异丁醇的活性，特别是异丁醇的时空产率在４００℃，１０ＭＰａ，５０００＾－１的反应条件下，由原来的５．９分别增加到１１．５，９．８ｍｌ／ｈ．ｌｃａｔ。     

合成甲醇,异丁醇锆系催化剂的晶相结构

用ＬＲＳ和ＸＲＤ相结合方法对Ｚｒ－Ｋ和Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂进行了。考察共沉淀法制备的Ｚｒ－Ｋ、Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂焙烧温度和Ｋ２Ｏ、ＭｎＯ２含量对其晶相结合的影响。在Ｚｒ－Ｋ催化剂中，ＺｒＯ２以单斜和四方混合晶型存在，在Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂中，当ＭｎＯ２含量在１７－３０％时，催化剂中仅有高度分散的四方晶型晶型ＺｒＯ２它是合成甲醇、异丁醇的活性相。     

钌催化剂存在下的氨湿法氧化反应条件与N2选择性

在完全除去铵离子的湿法氧化反应中，一种钌催化剂能够将文献报道的反应条件从５４３Ｋ，７．０ＭＰａ缓和为４５３Ｋ，３．０ＭＰａ但是，在相对温和的反应条件下，Ｎ２选择性不够理想，并受到操作条件如ｐＨ，反应温度，空填充压力及催化剂用量的影响。     

二氧化碳与正丁醇,异丁醇二元体系高压相平衡研究

使用自行设计的两相交替循环式高压实验装置，测定了ＣＯ２－正丁醇和ＣＯ２－异丁醇两个二元体系的相平衡数据，温度范围分别为３１３．Ｋ－３３３．２Ｋ和２９８。２Ｋ－３２８．２Ｋ。压力范围是０．６ＭＰａ左右到各体系的临界点附近。测定结果用ＰＲＳＶⅡ方程结合两参数混合规则进行了关联，在压力大于２ＭＰａ的区域里，取得了较满意的结果。     

COS对FT合成催化性能的影响

在５２４Ｋ、２．３１ＭＰａ和１８４５ｈ＾－１条件下，考察了合成气（Ｈ２／ＣＯ＝２．１）中ＣＯＳ浓度分别为５１．４、１２８．８、１６２．７和２４５．６ｐｐｍ对Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ－Ｋ工业催化剂ＦＴ合成催化性能的影响。实验表明，催化剂预先中毒比在线中毒速度快。大颗粒催化剂的抗硫能力比小颗粒催化剂强。催化剂ＦＴ合成失活速率与ＣＯＳ浓度有关，即高浓度条件下，催化剂的失活速率快。当温度为５２４Ｋ时，催化剂的失活速率最     

超临界相CO加氢合成甲醇,异丁醇的研究

以正十一～十三烷的混合物为超临界介质,在反应温度３６０～４１０℃、合成气压力７５ＭＰａ、进气空速１７００ｈ－１、介质压力１７８ＭＰａ、总压９３ＭＰａ的实验条件下,研究了固定床反应器中Ｚｎ－Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ｃｒ催化剂在超临界相和气相条件下合成甲醇、异丁醇的性能。结果表明,超临界相反应的ＣＯ转化率高于气相反应。在超临界条件下反应,醇类选择性随着温度升高下降较慢,而气相反应醇类选择性随着温度升高下降较快。气相反应产物以甲醇、异丁醇为主,含少量乙醇和正丙醇,超临界相反应的产物分布与气相反应的明显不同,甲醇含量减少,乙醇、正丙醇和异丁醇都有不同程度增加。超临界流体的存在对合成醇链增长有影响,在不同催化剂上的产物分布有较大差异     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.