羟基酸的离子相互作用间接光度反相色谱研究

〕本文研究芳香族酸性、碱性、两性紫外检测试剂的羟基酸间接光度反相色谱体系;探讨试剂性质、浓度、pH值等对分离和检测灵敏度的影响及分离检测机理,提出新的高     

1-萘甲膦酸改性氧化锆固定相的反相色谱性能研究

采用Lewis酸碱吸附改性方法制备了1-萘甲膦酸改性氧化锆色谱固定相,通过元素分析、漫反射红外光谱等对该固定相的表面性质进行了表征;以中性含π电子化合物作探针,考察了以甲醇/水为流动相、在13±3℃的柱温下固定相的色谱性能和分离机理;考察了该新型固定相的稳定性。结果表明,1-萘甲膦酸改性氧化锆固定相呈现出明显的反相色谱特征,对苯同系物、稠环芳烃和芳香族硝基化合物具有较好的分离选择性。     

反相高效液相色谱分离杨树皮中酚酸化合物

对于酚酸化合物的分离,过去多用正相薄层色谱法,但效果不甚好。近来国外学者开始采用反相薄层色谱及反相液相色谱分离,效果大大提高。本文使用两种方法,在反相高效色谱柱上完成了对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、丁香酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸,包括对香豆酸和阿魏酸异构体的分离,并研究了上述化合物的保留值与流动相中有机相比例的关系。     

氨基酸的烷基磺酸盐和铜离子改性硅胶色谱研究

微粒硅胶是易于制备、性能良好的高效液相色谱固定相,有极性吸附和离子交换性能。长链烷基季铵盐等动态改性硅胶具有与ODS反相填料类似的色谱性能,其色谱柱效和对某些化合物的分离选择性优于反相色谱柱。Foucanlt等曾分别采用铜氨     

生物碱在十八烷基膦酸改性锆-镁复合氧化物固定相上的色谱行为

研究了某些生物碱在十八烷基膦酸改性锆-镁复合氧化物固定相(C18PZM)上的色谱行为。通过考察流动相参数如甲醇含量、缓冲液pH值和离子强度对生物碱保留的影响,对这类化合物在该固定相上的保留机理进行了探讨。结果表明,在实验色谱条件下,生物碱在C18PZM上表现出反相和阳离子交换的混合保留模式机理。锆-镁基质上化学吸附的十八烷基膦酸和其对流动相中路易斯碱的吸附以及锆羟基本身均有可能是该固定相的离子交换作用位点的来源。高pH值流动相,溶质大部分以分子状态使用形式存在,因此其保留以疏水作用为主。在甲醇-pH 10.1 Tris缓冲液,生物碱的分离取得了满意的结果。与传统的烷基键合硅胶反相固定相相比,C18PZM表现出了更优越的化学稳定性,对于碱性化合物,尤其是具有高pKa值的碱性化合物的分离分析有着广泛的应用前景,有望发展为与硅胶键合固定相互补的一类反相HPLC的固定相。     

4,4′-(-3,3′-二甲基)联苯二胺(o-Tolidine)作紫外探针试剂的间接光度色谱法研究(Ⅰ)——o-Tolidine在反相色谱柱上的吸附性能

用甲醇-水缓冲溶液作流动相,测定紫外探针试剂o-Tolidine在反相(ODS)柱上的吸附等温线。Freundlich吸附等温方程能解释探针试剂在ODS上的吸附。分别得到了在不同流动相条件下o-Tolidine的吸附等温方程。流动相的组成如流动相的pH值、甲醇含量以及有机添加剂的性质和浓度均影响o-Tolidine在柱上的吸附。o-Tolidine在反相色谱柱上的吸附量与间接光度色谱中的溶质保留和检测响应有一定的关系。     

4，4'-（-3，3'二甲基）联苯二胺（o-Tolidine）作紫外探针试剂的间接光度色谱法研究(I)—o-Tolidine在反相色谱柱上的吸附性能

]用甲醇-水缓冲溶液作流动相,测定紫外探针试剂o-Tolidine在反相（ODS）柱上的吸附等温线。Freundlich吸附等温方程能解释探针试剂在ODS上的吸附。分别得到了在不同流动相条件下o-Tolidine的吸附等温方程。流动相的组成如流动相的PH值、甲醇含量以及有机添加剂的性质和浓度均影响o-Tolidine在柱上的吸附。o-Tolidine在反相色谱柱上的吸附量与间接光度色谱中的溶质保留和检测响应有一定的关系。     

4，4''-（-3，3''二甲基）联苯二胺（o-Tolidine）作紫外探针试剂的间接光度色谱法研究(I)—o-Tolidine在反相色谱柱上的吸附性能

]用甲醇-水缓冲溶液作流动相，测定紫外探针试剂o-Tolidine在反相（ODS）柱上的吸附等温线。Freundlich吸附等温方程能解释探针试剂在ODS上的吸附。分别得到了在不同流动相条件下o-Tolidine的吸附等温方程。流动相的组成如流动相的PH值、甲醇含量以及有机添加剂的性质和浓度均影响o-Tolidine在柱上的吸附。o-Tolidine在反相色谱柱上的吸附量与间接光度色谱中的溶质保留和检测响应有一定的关系。     

苄基膦酸改性氧化锆固定相的制备和性能评价

通过室温浸泡和回流改性的方式,制备了苄基膦酸改性氧化锆色谱固定相.元素分析表明,室温浸泡和加热回流都能够得到较大膦酸吸附量.红外光谱、差热分析证实苄基瞵酸是以Lewis酸碱作用吸附在氧化锆表面的.色谱分析该固定相具有很好的疏水性能和离子交换性能,对某些碱性物质的分离有一定的应用前景.     

锆-铝复合氧化物固定相的制备、表征及其色谱性能考察

利用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了无机杂化材料锆铝复合氧化物,对其物理化学性能进行了研究。平均孔径5-8nm,并且孔径分布较窄;表面呈现酸碱两性;氧化铝的掺杂可以提高填料的经表面积。同时以酸性、碱性和中性化合物为溶质,对锆铝填料的正相色谱性能和烷基膦酸改性的锆铝填料的反相色谱性能进行了系统评价,研究结果表明,锆铝填料适合于碱性化合物分离,并且其分离选择性在一定程度上随流动相性质而变;烷基膦酸改性的锆铝填料则呈现出反相色谱特征。     

Ruthenium (II) 1,10-Phenanthroline Salts as Mobile Phase Additives for the Separation and Indirect Detection of Free Amino Acids

Abstract

Ruthenium (II) 1,10-phenanthroline, Ru(phen)²⁺ ₃, salts are used as ion interaction reagents in a basic mobile phase for the retention, resolution, and indirect photometric detection (IPD) of free amino acids on a polystyrene divinylbenzene (Hamilton PRP-1) column. Mobile phase Ru(phen)²⁺ ₃ concentration and pH and type and concentration of organic modifier and counteranion affect retention and IPD. Underivatized amino acid elution order is influenced by side chain structure typical of ion exchange processes. Detection limits for the separation and detection of free amino acids using an isocratic elution condition are about 0.1 nmole for lower retained amino acids and 0.25 nmole for higher retained amino acids for a 3:1 signal:noise ratio. Gradient elution is possible but at higher detection limits.     

Smectic Mesophases from Dihydroxy Derivatives of Quaternary Alkylammonium Salts

Long alkyl-chain quaternary ammonium salts bearing two hydroxyethyl groups at the polar head group form smectic A mesophases at high temperatures and ordered smectic T mesophases of tetragonal symmetry at lower temperatures. The latter phase resembles a supermolecular grid (figure); it is formed by a hydrogen-bonding network between the hydroxy groups themselves on the one hand, and between the hydroxy groups and the bromide anions on the other, which is perfectly congruous with the tetragonal packing of the quaternary ammonium groups.     

Some ion-exchange resins for anion-chromatography

The quaternary ammonium salts, n-butyltrimethylammonium iodide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyltrimethylammonium iodide, n-octadecyltrimethylammonium iodide and tri-n-dodecylmethylammonium iodide were synthesized from commercially available amines and together with n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide tested for retention by a series of macroreticular resins (XAD-2, XAD-4, XAD-7, XAD-8 and XAD-11) for use as "surface" ion-exchangers in the chromatography of anions. Exchange-capacity studies of the coated resins showed that the non-polar XAD-2 and XAD-4 resins had retention characteristics superior to those of the polar resins and that pore size in the resin was more important than surface area per unit weight of resin. Tri-n-dodecylmethylammonium salts in XAD-2 gave the highest exchange capacity, with best retention under elution conditions. Columns prepared from this anion-exchanger were used to separate and analyse simple mixtures of anions (chloride, nitrate and sulphate) each within the 1-30 ppm range, by single-column operation with indirect photometric detection and also by conductivity detection with background-ion suppression. Though of use for the determination of anions in simple mixtures, the resolution and performance were generally poorer than those displayed by a commercial (Dionex) column. This is at least partly attributable to the inferior column-packing properties of the granular XAD-resin.     

Synthesis and application of novel carbohydrate-based ammonium and triazolium salts

The synthesis of nine new carbohydrate-based quaternary ammonium salts and two new triazolium salts starting from d-glucose has been accomplished. Our synthesis utilized the regio- and stereoselective ring opening reaction of 2,3-anhydro sugars by nucleophilic reagents to afford the key intermediates. In these new types of phase transfer catalysts, the ammonium and triazolium functions are directly attached to the carbohydrate scaffold in different positions (2-, 3-, 6-positions of the sugar). The efficiency of the altrose- and glucose-based quaternary salts were tested in the alkylation of N-(diphenyl) methylene glycine tert-butyl ester with benzyl bromide. To our knowledge this is the first example when sugar-based quaternary ammonium or triazolium salts were used successfully as phase transfer catalysts. The enantiomeric recognition ability of the synthesized salts towards racemic Mosher’s acid silver salt was also investigated by ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy.     

Determination of tetraethyl ammonium by ion-pair chromatography with indirect ultraviolet detection using 4-aminophenol hydrochloride as background ultraviolet absorbing reagent

A method was developed for the determination of tetraethyl ammonium (TEA) by reversed-phase ionpair chromatography with indirect ultraviolet detection. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column using background ultraviolet absorbing reagent - ion-pair reagent - organic solvent as mobile phase. The effects of the background ultraviolet absorbing reagents, detection wavelength, ion-pair reagents, organic solvents and column temperature on the determination method were investigated and the retention rules discussed. Results found that TEA could be successfully analyzed by using 0.7 μmol/L 4-aminophenol hydrochloride and 0.15 μmol/L 1-heptanesulfonic acid sodium mixed with 20% (v/v) methanol asmobile phase at a UV detection wavelength of 230 nm. Under these conditions, the retention time of tetraethyl ammonium was 2.85 min. The detection limit (S/N = 3) for TEA was 0.06 mg/L. The relative standard deviations (n = 5) for peak area and retention time were 0.35% and 0.02%, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of synthesized tetraethyl ammonium bromide. Recovery of tetraethyl ammonium after spiking was 99.1%.     

Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase Thin-Layer Chromatography and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Benzoic Acids

The separation of benzoic acids by ion-pair reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography was studied. In the optimization of separation conditions, the effect of the nature and concentration of the organic solvent, acidity of the mobile phase, concentration of salts of quaternary ammonium bases, and the length of their hydrocarbon radical on the retention of benzoic acids was studied. Conditions of the separation of a mixture of benzoic, hydroxybenzoic, aminobenzoic, and nitrobenzoic acids on Silufol plates impregnated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were selected; the mobile phase was isopropanol–ammonium acetate buffer solution with pH 5–dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide.     

Separation of acetylated amino acids

Acetylated amino acids (Nac-AA) are separated as anions on a reversed stationary phase from a mobile phase containing a quaternary ammonium (R₄N⁺) salt as a mobile phase additive. If the counteranion accompanying the R₄N⁺ or ionic strength salt is detector active than the separated NAc-AA derivatives can be detected by an indirect detection strategy. Variables influencing the separations are NAc-AA side chain structure and the mobile phase parameters such as hdyrophobicity of the alkyl groups in the R₄N⁺ salt, R₄N⁺ salt concentration, counteranion eluent strength, counteranion concentration, solvent composition, and pH. Indirect detection is influenced by these same mobile phase parameters as well as the properties of the detector active counteranion. The detection limit for indirect photometric detection at 287 nm using a tetrapentylammonium salt with a disodium 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate—sodium benzoate counteranion mixture was about 70 pmol of NAc-AA depending on the amino acid injected as a 10-μ1 sample.     

高效液相色谱-间接光度检测法测定己内酰胺酸团中的正己烷含量

采用在流动相中添加有紫外吸收的本底试剂的方法,利用高效液相色谱-间接光度检测法直接测定己内酰胺酸团中无紫外吸收的正己烷含量。考察了流动相组成、本底试剂的种类和浓度、波长梯度等对测定的影响。确定的高效液相色谱条件: 色谱柱为Agilent HC-C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),流动相为含1.17 mmol/L 1,5-萘二磺酸(本底试剂)的甲醇-水(85:15, v/v)溶液,柱温为35 ℃,流速为1.0 mL/min,并采用设定波长梯度的方法调整系统峰和被测峰的相对大小。该分析方法的线性范围为0.5～20 mg/kg,相关系数为0.99993,相对标准偏差为2.53%,检出限为0.03 mg/kg,加标回收率为98.45%～102.3%。方法简单,选择性好,灵敏度高,抗干扰强,可快速准确地测定实际样品中的正己烷。     

Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of Diethers from Furoin Under Ultrasound and Solid-liquid Phase Transfer Catalysis Conditions

Introduction Compounds having an active hydroxy group, such as, acyloins can be easily alkylated by alkyl halides in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst (PTC). The reaction is usually carried out in the presence of concentrated aqueous sodium or potassium hydroxide and a phase transfer catalyst, such as, quaternary ammonium salts[1-3], which facilitate the interphase transfer of species, making reactions between reagents in two immiscible phases possible. The reaction involves a series of equilibrium and mass-transfer steps.     

Separation and indirect detection of small-chain peptides using chromophoric mobile phase additives

Ruthenium(II) 1,10-phenanthroline, Ru(phen)3(2+), and ruthenium(II) 2,2'-bipyridyl, Ru(bipy)3(2+), salts were evaluated as mobile phase additives for the liquid chromatographic separation of small-chain peptides on a polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymeric (Hamilton PRP-1) stationary phase. In a basic mobile phase peptides are anions, and retention, resolution and detection occur because of the interactions between the stationary phase, the RuII complex and the peptide anion. Since the RuII complex concentration changes in the analyte band relative to the background eluent RuII complex concentration, the peptide can be detected by indirect photometric detection using the wavelength where the RuII complex absorbs. Peptide analyte peaks may be positive or negative depending on the counter-anion and its concentration. Small-chain peptides that do not contain chromophoric side-chains are detected without derivatization at about 0.1 nmol injected at a 3:1 signal-to-noise ratio. Factors that affect retention, resolution and indirect photometric detection are the RuII complex, its mobile phase concentration, mobile phase pH and solvent composition, and the type and concentration of the mobile phase counter-anion and/or buffer anion.