Synthesis of new liquid-crystalline compounds from the 3-aryl-5-alkylpyrazole series

A method was developed for the preparation of new liquid-crystalline substances, pyrazole derivatives, through the corresponding 2-isoxazolines and isoxazoles. The hydrogenolysis of the heterocycle in 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-amylisoxazole afforded 1-amino-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-octen-3-one. The acid hydrolysis of the compound followed by treating with hydrazine hydrate resulted in 5-amyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole, whose benzylation and esterification with the corresponding mesogenous benzyl chlorides and benzoyl chlorides provided liquid-crystalline 5-alkyl-3-aryl-1H-pyrazoles.     

Synthesis of 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-[2-(4-oxo-4<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-chromen-3-yl)ethenyl]-6<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-1,3-oxazin-6-ones and their reaction with hydrazine

4-Hydroxy-6H-1,3-oxazin-6-ones containing a 3-vinylchromone fragment in the 2-position were synthesized. The direction of their reactions with hydrazine hydrate was found to depend on the solvent nature. The reaction in protic solvents (methanol, acetic acid) resulted in recyclization of both oxazine ring to 1,2,4-triazole and pyranone ring to pyrazole. Aprotic acetonitrile favored attack of hydrazine exclusively on the oxazine ring, while the 3-vinylchromone fragment remained intact.     

Recherches en serie azabenzodiazepine—VIII : Hydrazinolyses d'azabenzodiazepinones et d'azabenzodiazepinethiones de type 1,5

The action of hydrazine on several azabenzo-1,5-diazepinones gives 3(5)-methyl-5(3) pyrazole and the corresponding heterocyclic diamines but the reaction with phenylhydrazine is more complicated and depends on the nature of the heterocycle attached to the seven member ring. In this case two reaction centres must be taken into account; the amide group and the carbon atom in the 6 position. According to experimental conditions hydrazinolysis of s-triazolotriazepinethiones and pyrazolodiazepinethiones give either 5-hydrazino s-triazolotriaze-pines or pyrazolylamino-triazole (or pyrazole) or 3-hydrazinopyrazoles and 3,4-diamino triazole. The mechanism suggested is addition of molecules of hydrazine in the 5 position followed by a transannular reaction to the 7 position.     

Reactions of 5,8-dichloro-2,3-dicyanoquinoxaline with amines and hydrazines. A new and efficient synthetic approach to 3-amino-5,8-dichloroflavazoles

Reactions of 5,8-dichloro-2,3-dicyanoquinoxaline with primary amines and hydrazines under different experimental conditions were investigated. Alkylamines provided novel 3-alkylamino-5,8-dichloro-2-cyanoquinoxalines and N-alkyl-(5,8-dichloro-3-alkylamino-2-quinoxalinyl)carboxamidines in high yields. Alkylhydrazines and lithium arylhydrazinides gave previously unattainable 1-alkyl-3-amino-5,8-dichloroflavazoles and 3-amino-1-aryl-5,8-dichloroflavazoles in good to near quantitative yields whose molecular structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography of 3-[N,N-bis(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]-5,8-dichloro-1-phenylflavazole. Reaction with hydrazine gave 5,8-dichloro-3-hydrazino-2-quinoxalinylcarboxamidrazone quantitatively, which was converted to the parent compound of this class of flavazoles, 3-amino-5,8-dichloroflavazole, in high yield by a pyrolytic process involving loss of hydrazine.     

One-pot synthesis of highly functionalized pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-4,4′-diacetate and 6-oxo-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives catalyzed by urea

A facile one-pot, multicomponent protocol for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydro-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives using a urea catalyst is reported. This transformation proceeds via a four-component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, a hydrazine, 3-oxo-pentanedioic acid dimethyl ester, and malononitrile. The bifunctional nature of urea means that it catalyzes many steps in this transformation, including domino Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition, and ring opening and closing reactions. This synthetic method has several advantages, including good yield, simple work-up, harmless by-products, and simple purification.     

Synthesis of new heterocyclic systems fused at pyrazolo[3,4-c]-2,7-naphthyridine core

Efficient syntheses of new heterocyclic systems comprising pyrimido[1',2':1,5]pyrazolo[3,4-c]-2,7-naphthyridine, pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]-2,7-naphthyridine and pyrazolo[3,4-c]tetrazolo[5,1-a]-2,7-naphthyridine cores were performed in two simple steps. In the first step, pyrazole ring was fused at the 2-chloro-3-cyanopyridine moiety by treatment with hydrazine. In the second step, pyrimidine part was fused at the thus formed 3-aminopyrazole moiety by heterocyclization with acetylacetone.     

Recyclization reactions of heterocyles. XVII. Hydrazination of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazolium salts

2, 5-Diaryl-3-alkyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazolium salts react with hydrazine to give acyclic hydrazinolysis products or products of recyclization with participation of the carbon atom in the 2 position of the oxadiazole ring, i.e., dihydro-sym-tetrazines and N-amino-sym-triazoles (with hydrazine) and 2-phenyl-5-aryl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles (with benzoylhydrazine) or formazans (with phenylhydrazine).See [1] for communication XVI.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 629–634, May, 1976.     

Synthesis and reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyl-substituted troponoids: Conversion to tropolones having an isoxazole or a pyrazole ring

3-Acetyltropolone ( 1 ) was treated with diethyl oxalate in the presence of sodium ethoxide to afford 3-(2-ethoxalyl-1-oxoethyl)tropolone ( 2 ) as a minor product and its cyclized 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4,9-dihydrocyclohetpa[b]pyran-4,9-dione ( 3 ) as the major one. The former was readily converted to the latter. Then, as a stable synthon bearing a 1,3-dicarbonyl group, 2-(2-ethoxalyl-1-oxoethyl)-7-methylaminotropone ( 5 ) was prepared. The reactions of compound 5 with hydroxylamine, hydrazine, and methylhydrazine were carried out to give troponoids possessing an isoxazole or a pyrazole ring. The parent compounds, 3-(3-pyrazolyl)tropolone ( 13 ) and 3-(1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)tropolone ( 21 ), were obtained via hydrolysis and decarboxylation. Similarly, 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4,9-dihydrocyclohepta[b]pyran-4,9-dione ( 3 ) reacted with hydroxylamine, hydrazine, and methylhydrazine to yield troponoids possessing a heterocyclic ring.     

Researches on pyranes,their analogs,and related compounds

Condensation of 2, 4-diacetylphenol with diethyl oxalate serves as a basis for preparing 2-carbethoxy- and 2-carboxy-6-acetylchromones (I, II), 2-carbethoxy-6-ethoxyoxalyacetylchromone (V), and 2-carboxy-6-hydroxyoxalylacetylchromone (VI). The Mannich reaction is used to synthesize 6-(ω-dialkylaminopropionyl)-2-carboxychromones (VII, VIII) from compound I. Reaction of chromone-2-carbonyl chloride with enamines prepared from cyclohexanone and tetrahydrothiopyrone-4- gives syntheses of 2-(chromonoyl-2)cyclohexanone (III) and 3-(chromonoyl-2)tetrahydrothiopyrone-4 (IV). Hydrazine hydrate and compound III give the pyrazole derivative IX, while hydrazine hydrate and compound IV give pyrazole derivative X along with pyrazolylpyrazole derivative XI, which results from a second molecule of hydrazine hydrate opening the chromone ring. For Part XX see [11].     

Chemistry of Modified Flavonoids. 24. Synthesis of 4- Aryloxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-hydroxy/alkoxyphenyl)pyrazoles

3-Aryloxychromones are recyclized under the action of hydrazine into derivatives of 4-aryloxy-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrazole.     

Two convenient regioselective syntheses of 1-N-alkyl-3-aryl-4-[pyrimidin-4-yl]-pyrazoles

Two regioselective synthetic routes for 1-N-alkyl-3-aryl-4-[pyrimidin-4-yl]-pyrazoles of generic formula 1 were developed. These highly efficient and scalable routes circumvent the generally observed poor regioselectivity for the pyrazole alkylation.     

The conversion of isothiazoles into pyrazoles using hydrazine

The conversion of isothiazoles into pyrazoles on treatment with hydrazine is investigated. The influence of various C-3, C-4 and C-5 isothiazole substituents and some limitations of this ring transformation are examined. When the isothiazole C-3 substituent is a good nucleofuge, 3-aminopyrazoles are obtained. However, when the 3-substituent is not a leaving group it is retained in the pyrazole product. Treatment of 4-bromo-3-chloro-5-phenylisothiazole 56 or 3-chloro-4,5-diphenylisothiazole 57 with anhydrous hydrazine at ca. 200 °C for a few minutes gives the corresponding 3-hydrazinoisothiazoles 61 and 64 respectively in high yields; the stability of these new hydrazines is investigated. 5,5′-Diphenyl-3,3′-biisothiazole-4,4′-dicarbonitrile 78 reacts with hydrazine to give 5,5′-diphenyl-3,3′-bi(1H-pyrazole)-4,4′-dicarbonitrile 79. Methylhydrazine reacts with 3-chloro-5-phenylisothiazole-4-carbonitrile 1 to give 3-(1-methylhydrazino)-5-phenylisothiazole-4-carbonitrile 83 and 3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenylpyrazole-4-carbonitrile 84. All products are fully characterised and rational mechanisms for the isothiazole into pyrazole transformation are proposed.     

An efficient access to 3,6-disubstituted 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines via a one-pot double SNAr reaction and pyrazole formation

A general and efficient synthetic method for the synthesis of biologically important series of 3,6-disubstituted-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines was discovered. 2,6-Difluoropyridine was deprotonated using 1.1 equiv of n-BuLi in THF at <−60 °C, followed by quenching with a variety of Weinreb amides to generate 2,6-Difluoro-3-ketopyridines in high yields. A mild tandem reaction sequence of selective nucleophilic substitution of the 6-fluoride with a variety of nucleophiles, followed by hydrazine substitution of the 2-fluoride and pyrazole formation in a one-pot fashion afforded a series of 3,6-disubstituted-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines in moderate to good yields.     

Synthesis of trans-4-aryl-3-(3-chloropropyl)azetidin-2-ones and their transformation into trans- and cis-2-arylpiperidine-3-carboxylates

Treatment of arylmethylideneamines with 5-chloropentanoyl chloride in benzene in the presence of 2,6-lutidine afforded novel trans-4-aryl-3-(3-chloropropyl)azetidin-2-ones in good yields. The latter 3-(3-chloropropyl)-β-lactams were transformed selectively into trans-methyl 1-alkyl-2-arylpiperidine-3-carboxylates in high yields and purity upon subsequent treatment with hydrogen chloride in methanol and triethylamine in dichloromethane. These trans-1-alkyl-2-arylpiperidine-3-carboxylates were easily converted into either their cis-isomers upon treatment with hydrazine monohydrate in methanol, or into the corresponding piperidine-1,3-dicarboxylates by reaction with alkyl chloroformates in benzene. Finally, 3-(3-chloropropyl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-phenylazetidin-2-one was transformed into the corresponding trans-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3-(4-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)piperidine via a three-step sequence in a good overall yield.     

A new,convenient and expeditious synthesis of 4-alkyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ols in water through a multicomponent reaction

A new, simple and efficient synthesis of 4-alkyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ols in water by a two-pot four component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aldehyde and ketone in presence K₂CO₃ as the catalyst is described. Use of water as the reaction medium, operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, application of a cost-effective, nontoxic and easily available catalyst with auto-tandem catalysis, wide substrate scope, easy workup and purification process make the protocol highly attractive.     

Alkylation of 1-Alkyl-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrazolo[4,3-<Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis>]pyrazoles with Halocarboxylic Acids Esters

A preparative method for the synthesis of 1-alkyl-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles was developed. The alkylation of the obtained compounds with halocarboxylic acid esters was also investigated. A principal possibility of creating libraries of compounds based on pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole derivatives was shown.     

Synthesis and Reactions of a 2(5H)‐Furanone Bearing Two Furyl Substituents

A 2(5H)‐furanone bearing two furyl rings was synthesized. The behavior of this furanone toward some nitrogen nucleophiles, namely, hydrazine hydrate, benzylamine, and ammonium acetate, was studied. The nitrile group at position‐3 of the furanone was utilized to construct thiazolidine ring by the action of thioglycollic acid. The acid hydrazide synthesized from the previous step was allowed to react with some carbonyl compounds, namely, acetonylacetone, acetylacetone, ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl cinnamate, diethylmalonate, phthalic anhydride, benzil, and 4‐methoxybenzaldehyde, to form pyrrole, pyrazole, and pyrazolopyridazine ring systems bearing two furyl groups. The structures of all the products obtained were illustrated from their analytical and spectral data.     

An efficient 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU)-mediated synthesis of 5-(trifluoromethyl)-N-alkyl-1-(3-phenylisoquinoline-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides

A series of 5-(trifluoromethyl)-N-alkyl-1-(3-phenylisoquinoline-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides 4 has been effectively achieved in high yield and purity from the reaction of pyrazole carboxylic acid 2 with amines 3 in the presence of TBTU as a catalyst and diisopropyl ethylamine as a base in acetonitrile at room temperature.     

Pyrimidones. 2. Synthesis and reactions of 2-chloropyrimidines

The treatment of 1-alkyl-5-aryl and 1-alkyl-4,5-diaryl-2-(1H)pyrimidones with phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus pentachloride resulted in chlorination and dealkylation to furnish 2-chloro-5-aryl (or 4,5-diaryl)-pyrimidines. These chlorpyrimidines were reacted with a variety of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and carbon nucleophiles to produce the corresponding 2-substituted pyrimidines. In the case of phenyllithium, attack occurred at the 4-position of the pyrimidine ring yielding 11 . Triazolopyrimidine 9 was synthesized via the treatment of 2d with hydrazine followed by reaction with triethyl orthoformate.     

Reaction of 3-phenylisoxazole with alkyllithiums

Alkyllithiums react with 3-phenylisoxazole giving C₅-H abstraction followed either mainly by ring fragmentation to benzonitrile and ethynolate ion (in the case of t-BuLi) or (less hindered alkyllithiums: n-BuLi, EtLi, MeLi) also by formation of alkylated enaminones. Appreciable amounts of 2-alkyl-4,6-diphenylpyrimidines have also been isolated for certain alkyllithiums (EtLi and MeLi). This is at variance with the reported behaviour with hindered lithium amides (LTMP) for which only C₅-H abstraction followed by ring fragmentation was described. The mechanistic significance of the observed results is discussed.