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1.
针对催化裂化(FCC)废催化剂的回收利用问题,提出了一种废催化剂再利用的方法,即以FCC废催化剂为铝源,合成时只补充部分硅源,采用自制的高效NaY沸石导向剂,水热合成NaY分子筛。同时,以普通的化工原料合成了对比试样Y型分子筛。讨论了不同的FCC废催化剂预处理方式对合成产物性能的影响,发现以经过碱熔活化处理的废催化剂为原料合成的Y分子筛拥有更高的结晶度和纯度。采用X射线衍射、热分析、程序升温脱附法(NH3-TPD)和N2静态容量吸附法对结晶产物和对比样品的晶体结构,热稳定性、酸性质、比表面积以及孔分布进行了表征。结果显示,以FCC废催化剂为原料完全可以合成出与普通原料性能接近的NaY分子筛。其BET比表面积可以达到615 m2·g-1,孔体积可达0.38 cm3·g-1,孔径集中在0.51 nm左右。  相似文献   

2.
合成气一步法制备液化石油气(LPG)可在甲醇合成催化剂和分子筛组成的复合催化剂上实现.本实验选用与Y分子筛孔径相近的SAPO-5分子筛(0.73 nm × 0.73 nm)作为研究对象,在335 ℃、3.0 MPa、空速1 500 h-1、Cu-Zn-Al/Pd-SAPO-5质量比为1/2的条件下获得了73.9%的CO转化率和73.0%的LPG选择性,该结果进一步证实了较大孔径的分子筛有利于LPG的合成.此外,研究结果还表明,合成气一步法制备LPG过程中甲醇/二甲醚向烃类的转化遵循烃池机理.  相似文献   

3.
任军  郭长江  杨雷雷  李忠 《催化学报》2013,34(9):1734-1744
以硝酸铜和可溶性淀粉为原料, 经过溶胶-凝胶化过程、高温炭化和KOH活化得到炭负载铜催化剂(Cu/C), 采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、热重-差热分析仪、N2吸附和CO程序升温脱附对催化剂结构进行了表征, 并考察了它在甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应中的催化活性. 结果表明, 活化温度和KOH用量对催化剂的表面结构及金属铜粒子尺寸影响显著, 当活化温度为850℃, KOH:C=1 (质量比)时, Cu/C催化剂的比表面积达到1690 m2/g, 铜纳米粒子平均晶粒尺寸为30.4 nm, 催化活性最高, DMC时空收率达到235.7 mg·g-1·h-1, 甲醇转化率和DMC选择性分别为1.6%和76.5%.  相似文献   

4.
对NaY分子筛(nSi/nAl=2.65)进行了草酸脱铝处理并作为载体采用液相离子交换法制备CuY催化剂, 应用于常压甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应。NaY分子筛及其CuY催化剂通过N2低温吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、29Si固体核磁共振、NH3吸附程序升温脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱、H2程序升温还原、原子吸收等方法进行表征。研究结果表明, 酸处理NaY分子筛后, 骨架铝被脱除, 导致骨架nSi/nAl比增加、相对结晶度降低并产生介孔, 有利于产物分子的扩散, 从而影响催化活性。采用4 h、2 mol·L-1草酸处理NaY分子筛作为载体制备的CuY催化剂显示出较高的催化性能, DMC时空收率和甲醇转化率分别从103.6 mg·g-1·h-1和6.3%增加到184.9 mg·g-1·h-1和10.2%。产生的介孔能够促进催化剂中铜活性位的可接近性及反应物分子和产物分子的扩散。  相似文献   

5.
对NaY分子筛(nSi/nAl=2.65)进行了草酸脱铝处理并作为载体采用液相离子交换法制备CuY催化剂,应用于常压甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应。NaY分子筛及其CuY催化剂通过N2低温吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、29Si固体核磁共振、NH3吸附程序升温脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱、H2程序升温还原、原子吸收等方法进行表征。研究结果表明,酸处理NaY分子筛后,骨架铝被脱除,导致骨架nSi/nAl比增加、相对结晶度降低并产生介孔,有利于产物分子的扩散,从而影响催化活性。采用4 h、2 mol·L-1草酸处理NaY分子筛作为载体制备的CuY催化剂显示出较高的催化性能,DMC时空收率和甲醇转化率分别从103.6 mg·g-1·h-1和6.3%增加到184.9 mg·g-1·h-1和10.2%。产生的介孔能够促进催化剂中铜活性位的可接近性及反应物分子和产物分子的扩散。  相似文献   

6.
固定铜铁的总质量不变, 采用共浸渍法制备铜铁双金属催化剂. 为了更好地了解催化剂的性质, 分别用N2吸附-脱附、H2-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、NH3-程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)方法对制备的催化剂进行表征. 研究发现在100000 h-1空速下, 铜铁双金属催化剂呈现出好的活性和氮气选择性. 在低温区, 随着铜含量的增加, 活性和氮气的选择性增加, 然而在高温区氮气的选择性直接和铁的含量相关. 其中催化剂Fe0.25Cu0.75/ZSM-5, 在350℃氨的转化率达到最高, 在300℃氮气的选择性上升到97%. Fe0.75Cu0.25/ZSM-5 在500 ℃有很高的氮气选择性甚至可以达到98%. 并且所有的催化剂均产生很少的N2O副产物. 表征结果显示催化剂的酸量和铜物种的含量可以影响催化剂的活性, 并且高的还原能力和铁含量有助于高温氮气选择性的提高.  相似文献   

7.
采用共浸渍法制备了不同Ce含量的Ce-Cu-Co/CNTs 催化剂, 考察了其在合成气制低碳醇反应中的催化性能, 借助X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、N2吸脱附实验(BET)、透射电镜(TEM)和CO程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)对这些催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 当Ce的质量分数为3%时, 低碳醇的时空收率和选择性达到最高, 分别为696.4 mg·g-1·h-1和59.7%, 其中乙醇占总醇的46.8%, 适量Ce的添加能提高Cu物种在催化剂上的分散度和催化剂的还原性能, 能显著地增加催化剂吸附CO的能力, 促进合成醇活性位的形成, 进而明显提高催化剂的活性和总醇的选择性. 研究表明, 将具有高活性和高碳链增长能力的CuCo基催化剂与碳纳米管的限域效应结合, 可实现缩窄产物分布、大幅度提高乙醇选择性的目的.  相似文献   

8.
研究了钠、钾助剂对FeMn 合成低碳烯烃催化剂结构及性能的影响. 低温N2吸附、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、CO/CO2程序升温脱附(CO/CO2-TPD)、Mössbauer 谱和CO+H2反应的研究结果表明,增加Mn助剂含量促进了活性相的分散和低碳烯烃的生成,而过多锰助剂在催化剂表面的富集则降低了费托合成反应的CO转化率;钾助剂和钠助剂的加入均抑制了催化剂的还原并且促进了CO2和CO的吸附. 比较还原后(H2/CO摩尔比为20)和反应后(H2/CO摩尔比为3.5)催化剂的体相结构可以发现,在FeMn、FeMnNa和FeMnK催化剂中,由于钾助剂的碱性和CO吸附能力较强,因此体相中FeCx的含量相对较高;而活性测试结果表明,FeMnNa催化剂拥有最好的CO转化率(96.2%)和低碳烯烃选择性(30.5%,摩尔分数).  相似文献   

9.
采用离子交换法制备了Cu-ETS-10钛硅分子筛催化剂,该催化剂对于NH3选择性催化还原(SCR)NOx反应具有较高的催化活性、N2选择性和抗SO2性能.结果表明,Cu-ETS-10钛硅分子筛具有丰富的微孔结构和较高的比表面积(288-380m2/g);原子发射光谱、程序升温还原技术和原位红外漫反射等表征结果表明,Cu在Cu-ETS-10钛硅分子筛中具有多种存在形态,其中Cu2+物种为Cu-ETS-10的活性中心,其含量随Cu含量的增加而先增后降,与催化活性的变化趋势一致.  相似文献   

10.
李靖  王奖  贾美林 《分子催化》2018,32(6):530-539
采用导向剂共沉淀-水热法合成不同复合量3Ni-Al类水滑石(LDH)/酸化杭锦2#土载体前驱物.以液相还原-焙烧法制备不同Au负载量的Ni-Al复合氧化物/介孔杭锦2#土负载Au催化剂.采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、N2物理吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行表征;并考察其催化CO氧化活性及稳定性.结果表明,3Ni-Al LDH在酸化杭锦2#土上复合均匀;其负载Au后经500℃空气气氛焙烧,催化剂具有介孔结构,Au颗粒分散均匀、平均粒径小于10 nm;Ni-Al LDH复合量增加有利于纳米Au分散并抑制其粒径增大,且纳米Au与载体间存在较强相互作用;随Ni-Al LDH复合量和Au负载量增加,负载Au催化剂催化活性提高,当Ni-Al LDH复合量15%(Ni 3.47%),Au负载量3%时,所得负载Au催化剂性能最佳:T50为48℃,80℃时CO转化率大于90%,180℃连续反应10 h,CO转化率保持100%,空气放置110 d后,虽然其低温活性有所下降,但120℃时,仍可实现CO转化率大于90%.  相似文献   

11.
碳助剂对完全液相法制备的 Cu-Zn-Al 催化剂性能的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄伟  李文辉  孙景晓  阴丽华 《催化学报》2010,31(11):1393-1398
 采用完全液相法制备了 Cu-Zn-Al 催化剂, 研究了碳纳米管和碳微球的加入对该催化剂 CO 加氢合成低碳醇反应性能的影响, 并用 X 射线粉末衍射、氮气吸附、氢气程序升温还原和氨气程序升温脱附-质谱等方法对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 用完全液相法制备的 Cu-Zn-Al 甲醇合成催化剂具有一定的合成低碳醇和低碳烃的能力, 这种能力归结于较大 Cu0 晶粒的产生. 一定量碳微球的加入可大大减小 Cu0 晶粒度, 从而大幅度提高甲醇选择性.  相似文献   

12.
The influence of additions of 0.1–0.5% Pd or Ru in a 10% Co/Al2O3 catalyst on its activity and selectivity in the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons from CO and H2 has been studied. It has been shown that the bimetallic systems make it possible to carry out the synthesis of hydrocarbons with a higher extent of conversion of CO and a higher yield of C 5 + carbons in comparison with the original Co catalyst. Co-Ru catalysts exhibit exceptionally high selectivity (up to 80%) with respect to the formation of liquid products. It has been demonstrated by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) that the introduction of Pd an dRu promotes the reduction of Co at lower temperatures and the formation of cobalt aluminates.N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117913 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 60–64, January, 1992.  相似文献   

13.
The temperature-programmed reduction, powder X-ray diffraction, and oxygen titration were applied to study reducibility, phase composition, and structure of the active surface of the hybrid metal-zeolite catalysts Mβ@Co/Al2O3 (M = Pd, Co, and Fe). The results of physicochemical studies were compared with the data on activity and selectivity of the catalysts in the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons from the synthesis gas. The nature of transition metal and the method of its introduction into the catalyst influence the composition of synthetic liquid hydrocarbons. A comparison of the Feβ@Co/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by the ion-exchange method that exhibits the highest activity in the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons with a similar catalyst Fe/(Hβ@Co/Al2O3) prepared by the impregnation method indicated a distinct advantage of the ion exchange procedure. A mechanism of isomerization and cracking of primary linear alkanes on the M n δ+ clusters in the Mβ@Co/Al2O3 systems was proposed. The mechanism explains the main features governing the group and fractional composition of the obtained synthetic hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

14.
The catalytic behaviors of Pd (1.4 wt%) catalysts supported on CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3 mixed oxides with different Ce/Zr molar ratios were investigated for methanol decomposition. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Pd dispersion analysis were used for their characterization. Pd/Ce0.76Zr0.18 La0.06O1.97 catalyst showed the highest BET surface area, best Pd dispersion capability and strongest metal-support interaction. Moreover, XPS showed that there was lattice defect oxygen or mobile oxygen. According to the result of O 1s measurements the lattice defect oxygen or mobile oxygen helped to maintain Pd in a partly oxidized state and increased the activity for methanol decomposition. The Pd/Ce0.76Zr0.18La0.06O1.97 catalyst exhibited the best activity. A 100% conversion of methanol was achieved at around 260 °C, which was about 20-40 °C lower than other catalysts  相似文献   

15.
The development of industry induced a massive increase in the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. A large amount of CO2 and its general availability causes that it could be a cheap reactant in a reaction that runs in a way similar to photosynthesis in plants. Pure TiO2 and metal doped TiO2 are the most studied semiconductor catalysts for photoreduction of CO2. The TiO2/SiO2 and Pd/TiO2/SiO2 catalysts were prepared and studied by temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction analysis, SEM-EDS, temperature-programmed reduction and then used for the methanol synthesis. The photoactivity of Pd/TiO2/SiO2 catalysts in the reduction of CO2 with H2O was tested at room temperature using photoreactor equipped with 16 lamps. The wavelength was characteristic of near ultraviolet. Post-reaction products were identified with gas chromatograph equipped with the flame ionization detector. Pd doping made the catalysts photoactive and the photoactivity of catalysts was changing as follows: 1%Pd/5%TiO2/SiO2 > 1% Pd/10% TiO2/SiO2 > 1% Pd/15% TiO2/SiO2. Optimum ultraviolet radiation time in the photoreduction of CO2 to methanol was 7 h. An addition of Pd does not change the surface of the carrier.  相似文献   

16.
氟改性对纳米 HZSM-5 分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
郭强胜  毛东森  劳嫣萍  卢冠忠 《催化学报》2009,30(12):1248-1254
 在比较了纳米和微米 HZSM-5 分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯反应性能的基础上, 对纳米 HZSM-5 分子筛进行了氟改性. 利用透射电镜、N2 吸附、X 射线衍射、氨程序升温脱附和吡啶吸附-红外光谱技术对改性前后的样品进行了表征, 并在常压、500 oC 和甲醇空速 (WHSV) 为 1.0 h–1 的反应条件下, 在连续流动固定床微型反应器上考察了其催化甲醇制丙烯的性能. 结果表明, 当氟含量<10% 时, 随氟含量的增加, 改性纳米 HZSM-5 分子筛的酸量减少, 酸强度降低, 从而使丙烯选择性和催化剂稳定性不断提高. 但过量 (15%) 氟的改性使纳米 HZSM-5 分子筛的酸量、比表面积和孔容均明显减小, 致使其稳定性反而降低. 在适量 (10%) 氟改性的纳米 HZSM-5 分子筛上, 丙烯选择性和维持甲醇完全转化的反应时间分别由原来的 30.1% 和 75 h 增加到 46.7% 和 145 h.  相似文献   

17.
Au–Pd catalysts supported on SBA-16, SBA-16-CeO2, and CeO2 had been studied for partial oxidation of methanol to produce H2. The physicochemical characteristics of the catalysts prepared by deposition–precipitation using urea hydrolysis were examined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and H2 temperature-programmed desorption (H2-TPD) analyses. The results show that AuxPdy alloys are observed in Au–Pd/SBA-16 and Au–Pd/SBA-16-CeO2 catalysts. The catalytic results demonstrate that both Au–Pd/SBA-16 and Au–Pd/SBA-16-CeO2 catalysts exhibit higher activity and lower CO selectivity than the Au–Pd/CeO2 catalyst. This could be ascribed to the formation of AuxPdy alloys. The comparison of the Au–Pd/SBA-16 and Au–Pd/SBA-16-CeO2 catalysts reveals that the Au–Pd/SBA-16-CeO2 shows the lower CO selectivity, probably due to the presence of CeO2.  相似文献   

18.
Palladium catalysts based on A, X, Y, chabazite, erionite, mordenite, TsVM, and TsVK zeolites are studied by the methods of temperature-programmed reduction and hydrogen desorption. Palladium is shown to be located in zeolite pores in all catalysts except Pd/mordenite for which 24 % of the palladium is located on the external surface of the zeolite. The dispersity of the palladium on the zeolites is determined by the amount of H2 evolved in the decomposition of the -phase of PdH and by the value of the O/Pd ratio obtained by palladium oxidation in the 100 to 500 °C temperature range. According to the O/Pd ratio, the catalysts are divided into two groups: samples based on X, Y, chabazite, erionite, and mordenite (O/Pd=0.4 to 0.7), and catalysts containing A, TsVM, and TsVK zeolites (O/Pd=0.2 to 0.3). The catalysts of the first group are weakly active in the oxidative acetoxylation of propylene, while all of the catalysts of the second group except Pd/NaA are very active. The conclusion is drawn that the oxidation of palladium is not the limiting stage in the oxidative acetoxylation of propylene.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 642–648, April, 1995.  相似文献   

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