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1.
交联聚丙烯酰胺吸水凝胶的强度   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
季鸿渐  潘振远 《应用化学》1993,10(2):117-118
高吸水材料是一类新型的功能高分子材料,已有广泛开发和应用。本文讨论了含大量无机填料膨润土的阴离子型交联聚丙烯酰胺(JSWAM)吸水凝胶的强度及其形态结构。 吸水材料JSWAM的制备:将填料搅拌分散于丙烯酰胺水溶液中,同时加入规定量的甲叉基双丙烯酰胺、过硫酸铵、碱,而后聚合并水解。将聚合物胶块造粒、烘干、粉碎。凝胶强度  相似文献   

2.
辐射交联制备改性CMC水凝胶的溶胀行为研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
利用丙烯酰胺 (AAm)接枝改性纤维素 ,然后进行羧甲基化反应得到高取代度的丙烯酰胺 羧甲基纤维素钠 (AAm CMC Na) .对该材料进行γ射线辐照制备出新型改性CMC水凝胶 .研究了这种水凝胶的溶胀动力学、交联动力学以及温度、pH值和无机盐浓度对水凝胶溶胀行为的影响 ,并与CMC Na水凝胶进行了比较 .结果表明 ,该水凝胶和CMC Na水凝胶相比 ,优点在于辐照交联所用的剂量下降 ,而且所需的CMC浓度减少 .AAm CMC Na水凝胶的溶胀度随温度升高而增大 ,在pH为 6~ 8范围内达到最大值 ,并随无机盐浓度与吸收剂量增加而下降 ,表现出较好的温度敏感性和pH敏感性 ,可望作为吸水材料和水保持剂  相似文献   

3.
腐植酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺/粘土杂化水凝胶的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以过硫酸钾为引发剂、N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、丙烯酰胺单体和腐植酸钠、Laponite RD粘土为原料,用溶液聚合交联法合成了腐植酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺/粘土(SH-PAM-Clay)系列水凝胶.用场发射扫描电镜对其表面形貌进行了研究,并对水凝胶的吸水性和流变性能进行了测试和研究.结果表明这系列水凝胶都具有致密的网络结构和优良的吸水性能.  相似文献   

4.
常艳红  董晓宁 《应用化学》2015,32(6):623-628
以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDS)胶束为孔模板,过硫酸铵(APS)引发,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)交联,壳聚糖(CS)与丙烯酸(AA)、钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)在水溶液中接枝共聚,成功制备了多孔壳聚糖接枝聚丙烯酸/钠基蒙脱土(CS-g-PAA/Na-MMT)复合高吸水凝胶,提出了SDS胶束致孔机理。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,添加SDS的样品,凝胶表面出现多孔结构。通过考察SDS浓度对复合高吸水凝胶平衡吸水倍率和吸水速率的影响,发现当SDS浓度为1.5 mmol/L时,复合凝胶在蒸馏水和生理盐水中的平衡吸水倍率相对于空白样分别提高53.9%和35.3%,初始溶胀速率常数Kis也由空白样的1.2652 g/(g·s) 提高到5.1680 g/(g·s)。多孔结构也使复合凝胶对Pb2+的吸附速率加快,在10 min内即可达到饱和吸附量的95%,30 min完全达到吸附平衡。  相似文献   

5.
DSC研究高吸水树脂吸水性能与分子结构的关系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为共聚单体合成了聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺-2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(PAA-AM-AMPS)三元共聚物高吸水树脂.利用茶叶袋法测定了其最大吸水倍率,通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定并比较了含水量为50%,75%和91%的各种水凝胶的自由水和结合水含量.结果表明在蒸馏水和生理盐水中高吸水树脂的最大吸水倍率分别为1900g/g和185g/g,共聚物的结合水含量随着AMPS和AA含量增加及AM含量的减少而增大;在0.9%生理盐水中,结合水含量随着AMPS和AM含量增加及AA含量的减少而增大,共聚物和均聚物高吸水树脂的最大吸水倍率呈现出与结合水含量相同的变化规律.  相似文献   

6.
采用两步合成路线合成了二缩三乙二醇单甲基丙烯酸酯 (TREGMA) ,并对其结构进行了表征 ;利用无皂乳液聚合法使N 异丙基丙烯酰胺 (NIPAM)、TREGMA和N ,N 亚甲基双丙烯酰胺 (BA)交联共聚 ,制备了含有功能性羟基的温敏性微凝胶 .微凝胶的去溶胀性能研究表明 ,TREGMA的引入使得微凝胶的体积相转变温度得到提高 ,同时所制得微凝胶具有较好的温敏性 .该类微凝胶有望成为良好的生物医用材料 .  相似文献   

7.
通过利用偶联剂和超声分散将TiO2表面功能化, 在其表面引入烯键, 与聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺在交联剂存在下共聚, 制备了不同纳米TiO2含量的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺复合水凝胶.采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、紫外光谱、热重分析、动态粘弹谱仪等表征了复合水凝胶的微观结构和形貌, 测试了复合凝胶材料对紫外线的吸收、热稳定性、机械强度及其韧性. 结果表明: 纳米TiO2粒子的引入, 使得复合凝胶材料对紫外线吸收效果显著, 凝胶的稳定性、机械强度及韧性得到明显改善.  相似文献   

8.
本文采用正交试验设计制备不同配比的聚丙烯酰胺(PAAm)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)交联的水凝胶,并对其吸水和机械性能进行评价,筛选出适合海洋环境要求的吸水性能优异、机械强度好的最优制备条件。依据该条件制备凝胶,装配成参比电极,测试其电极电位的稳定性。结果表明,该参比电极在模拟海水中有很好的电位稳定性,其稳定后电位的漂移值小于0.1mV,PAAm/PVA水凝胶能作为电解质应用于在线监测的参比电极。  相似文献   

9.
姜宇  刘守信  房喻  王忆娟  陈奋强  张朝阳 《化学学报》2007,65(21):2437-2442
通过利用偶联剂和超声分散将TiO2表面功能化, 在其表面引入烯键, 与聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺在交联剂存在下共聚, 制备了不同纳米TiO2含量的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺复合水凝胶.采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、紫外光谱、热重分析、动态粘弹谱仪等表征了复合水凝胶的微观结构和形貌, 测试了复合凝胶材料对紫外线的吸收、热稳定性、机械强度及其韧性. 结果表明: 纳米TiO2粒子的引入, 使得复合凝胶材料对紫外线吸收效果显著, 凝胶的稳定性、机械强度及韧性得到明显改善.  相似文献   

10.
共聚类吸水树脂综合应用性能研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以丙烯酸烯丙酯为交联剂合成了丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺共聚类吸水树脂,并对该吸水树脂的综合稳定性(耐热性、耐寒性、耐光性)进行了研究.对树脂凝胶溶胶含量、土壤保水性、树脂对去离子水、生理盐水、人工血、人工尿的吸收能力及树脂的膨胀动力学和热分解动力学作了较为全面的研究.确定了膨胀动力学参数及热分解反应动力学参数, 结果表明:所合成树脂吸水膨胀过程中膨胀指数0.5〈n〈1,属于non-Fikian扩散,吸水树脂的热解过程分为两个阶段,都属于一级反应,以丙烯酸烯丙酯作为交联剂合成的丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺共聚类吸水树脂具有良好的综合应用性能.  相似文献   

11.
Oil-in-water emulsions (30 wt% sunflower oil) containing various concentrations of commercial whey protein hydrolysates (0-4 wt%) and hydrolysed lecithin (0.4-1.8 wt%) were prepared by means of a high pressure homogeniser. The degrees of hydrolysis used ranged from 10 to 27%. The individual and interactive effects of these factors on the particle size distribution, emulsion stability, consistency and interfacial tension were investigated using a three-level factorial design according to the principle of response surface methodology. The properties of the emulsions containing both hydrolysed lecithin and whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) were significantly influenced by the degree of hydrolysis of WPH, the protein content and the second-order interaction between both. Addition of WPH, with a 10-20% degree of hydrolysis, improved the stability of lecithin-stabilised emulsions and slightly decreased the average droplet size, compared to those emulsions with only protein or hydrolysed lecithin. However, when extensively hydrolysed WPH (DH=27%) was mixed with hydrolysed lecithin, rapid coalescence and oiling-off of the emulsion droplets resulted, suggesting competition between the surface active components of this WPH and the hydrolysed lecithin. High amounts of such an extensively hydrolysed WPH, together with low lecithin concentrations, were found to be especially detrimental. The different behaviour of partially and extensively hydrolysed WPH in oil-in-water emulsions containing hydrolysed lecithin, was in good agreement with their interfacial activity, as measured by the drop volume method.  相似文献   

12.
Amphoteric superabsorbent composite with semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN) composed of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/Ca-bentonite/poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC) was prepared by a combination of intercalative polymerization and a sequential IPN method and the effects of reaction parameters on the swelling capacity were studied. PDMDAAC was used as a polycation to modify bentonite and form semi-IPN with lightly crosslinked PAA. FTIR and TG were used to characterize the amphoteric superabsorbent composites with semi-IPN. The thermal stability of the product was not degraded as in the case of using small molecular surfactant to modify bentonite. The contents of carboxylic groups and nitrogen had been determined. This indicated that the product with certain content of carboxylic groups and nitrogen is inclined to exhibit excellent swelling capacity. The presence of PDMDAAC improved the swelling capacity. The resulting amphoteric superabsorbent composite showed excellent swelling capacity of 1578 g/g in distilled water and 136 g/g in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
A series of crosslinked, ammonium‐functionalized, and partially fluorinated copolymers have been prepared and evaluated as anion exchange membranes. In order to investigate the effect of crosslinking on the membrane properties, precursor copolymers containing chloromethyl groups were crosslinked with various aliphatic diamines followed by quaternization with monoamines. Crosslinking was effective in lowering water absorbability at no expense of high hydroxide ion conductivity of the membranes. By tuning the degree of crosslinking (20 mol %) and crosslinker chain length (C6 and C8), the highest ion conductivity of 73 mS/cm (at 80°C in water) was achieved. Furthermore, alkaline stability of the membranes was also improved by the crosslinking; the remaining ion conductivity after the stability test (in 1 M potassium hydroxide at 80°C) was 8.2 mS/cm (after 1000 h) for the C6 crosslinked membrane and 1 mS/cm (after 500 h) for the uncrosslinked membrane, respectively. The ammonium groups attached with the crosslinkers seemed more alkaline stable than the uncrosslinked benzyltrimethylammonium groups, while the polymer main chain was intact under the harsh alkaline conditions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 , 57, 1059–1069  相似文献   

14.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) membrane, was modified both physically and chemically by incorporation of inorganic filler, sodium aluminosilicate and chemical crosslinking with maleic acid and glutaraldehyde. The change of morphology and crystallinity of PVOH by this physical and chemical modification was studied by FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM and XRD. These membranes were evaluated in terms of its potential for dehydration of dioxane by preferential sorption and permeation using pervaporation (PV) technique. These membranes were cast in the laboratory by solution casting from the polymer and other additives. The performance of the unfilled (containing no filler) glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked PVOH-1 and maleic acid (MA) crosslinked PVOH-2 membranes were compared with filled (containing aluminosilicate filler) but GA crosslinked PVOH-3 and filled but MA crosslinked PVOH-4 membranes. The filled membranes were found to show higher flux and water selectivity. Among all the four used membranes, the MA crosslinked filled PVOH-4 membrane was found to show best results in terms of both water selectivity and flux.  相似文献   

15.
The amount of gaseous ammonia sorbed on dry sulfonated macroreticular ion exchangers with different contents of divinylbenzene was found to be greater than the number of sulfonic acid groups. The excess ammonia could be removed by washing with water. With ion exchangers containing more than 20% of divinylbenzene a certain amount of chemically bonded ammonia could not be removed, even by elution with strong acid. Sorption of ammonia occurred also on dry ion exchangers fully neutralized with sodium ion, and in that case also, ammonia could only partially be removed by water from higher crosslinked samples. On desorption into a gaseous phase the amount of desorbed ammonia was proportional to the surface area of the ion exchanger, since desorption occurred only from surface layers. The results obtained indicate that ammonia migrates among acid groups located within the mass of the ion exchanger.  相似文献   

16.
建立了MAX混合阴离子固相萃取柱净化-高教液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中伏马菌素FB1和FB2及其水解代谢产物HFB1和HFB2的方法.牛奶样品经水稀释后,经MAX柱直接净化,甲醇洗脱得到FB1和FB2,经液相色谱-串联质谱负离子扫描测定,1%乙酸甲醇洗脱得到HFB1和HFB2,经液相色谱-串联质谱正离子扫描测定.结果表明,添加浓度为0.1~5.0 μg/L,牛奶中FB1和FB2及其水解代谢产物的回收率为76.4%~92.3%;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为5.9%~12.5%;方法检出限(LOD)均为0.03 μg/L;定量限(LOQ)均为0.1 μg/L.本方法操作简单,灵敏度、回收率和重复性均良好.  相似文献   

17.
水解聚丙烯酰胺柠檬酸铝体系成胶行为与形态结构的研究   总被引:20,自引:1,他引:19  
采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及流变性能测试等手段 ,研究了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺 (HPAM )与柠檬酸铝 (AlCA)的成胶行为与形态结构 .结果表明 ,当AlCA浓度超过 10 0mg/L时 ,随HPAM浓度由低向高变化 ,HPAM AlCA交联体系可形成三种不同形态结构的凝胶 :分散凝胶 (由交联聚合物颗粒形成的分散体 )、两相(分散凝胶相与连续网状凝胶相 )共存凝胶和连续网状凝胶 .HPAM AlCA形成分散凝胶时 ,无明显的粘度升高现象 ,但体系中存在由HPAM大分子交联在一起的颗粒结构 .HPAM AlCA在形成连续网状凝胶时 ,体系复模量和复粘度大幅度提高 ,网状凝胶中含有粒状凝胶颗粒 .  相似文献   

18.
The dynamic properties of water molecules in gels containing linear and crosslinked hyaluronic acid polymers are investigated by using an integrated approach that includes relaxometry, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. A model‐free analysis of field‐dependent nuclear relaxation is applied to obtain information on mobility and the population of different pools of water molecules in the gels. Differences between linear and crosslinked hyaluronic acid polymers are observed, indicating that crosslinking increases both the fraction and the correlation time of water molecules with slow dynamics.  相似文献   

19.
离子交联聚氯乙烯的结构与性能   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
由氯乙烯/丙烯酸悬浮共聚合成了不同羧基含量的PVC树脂,采用溶液反应和熔融加工法制备离子交联PVC。对其结构和性能进行了研究。结果表明,共聚物中羧基主要以二聚体形式存在,用金属离子中和能形成部分络合结构;用Ca^2+、Mg^2+离子络合的羧基含量较高的VC/AA共聚物存在离子对聚集态结构;离子对含量、金属离子种类和增塑剂浓度影响离子聚集相的比例和稳定性,离子聚集具有热可逆性,离子交联使PVC的Tg  相似文献   

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