烟草中中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维测定方法的优化

为了减少高毒试剂苯的使用,缩短脱脂时间,减少酸性洗涤过程中半纤维素水解不完全对测定结果的干扰,采用乙醇–乙醚混合液超声对烟草样品进行脱脂处理,用2 mol/L盐酸洗涤后测定酸性洗涤纤维,对YC/T347–2010标准方法进行优化。方法优化后减少了试剂毒害,脱脂时间由8.5 h缩短为1.5 h;测定酸性洗涤纤维中半纤维素水解更完全,洗涤剂法计算的半纤维素含量与水解法测定半纤维素含量的结果基本一致。改进后方法的回收率为98.38%~99.97%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.25%~1.88%(n=6)。该方法可以代替苯–醇–醚加热回流脱脂法测定烟草及烟草制品中中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维。     

快速溶剂萃取–凝胶渗透色谱净化–气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中邻甲苯胺含量

以快速溶剂萃取–凝胶渗透色谱净化–气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中邻甲苯胺的含量。土壤样品经ASE–350快速溶剂萃取仪萃取,萃取液用凝胶渗透色谱净化浓缩后,用全扫描模式(SCAN)采集气相色谱–质谱法测定土壤中的邻甲苯胺含量。该方法检出限为0.01 mg/kg,加标回收率为78.3%~95.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.35%~14.9%(n=6)。该方法具有分离效果好、灵敏度高、重现性好、前处理操作简便及纯化效果好等优点,可用于测定土壤中邻甲苯胺的含量。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镍矿石中的铂和钯

建立了测定镍矿石中铂和钯含量的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法。借鉴铜阳极泥中铂钯的经典测定方法YS/T 745.3–2010,在用该方法测定含有较低含量的银铂钯样品时,铂钯难以准确测定。根据样品特性,试样先进行焙烧,除去杂质元素硫,通过补加纯银提高银金比例,优化并建立了镍矿石中铂钯含量的分析谱线和最佳工作条件,测定快速,结果准确。该方法适用于铂、钯含量为0.10～20 g/t的镍矿石的测定,铂的回收率为99.01%～100.00%,相对标准偏差为1.35%(n=10),钯的回收率为99.06%～100.00%,相对标准偏差为1.06%(n=10)。该法尤其适用于铂、钯含量低于0.2 g/t的大批量镍矿石的测定。     

过硫酸铵氧化可视滴定法测定低合金钢中铬含量的不确定度评定

依据测量不确定度的评定原理和方法,对GB/T 223.11–2008过硫酸铵氧化可视滴定法测定低合金钢中铬含量的测定结果不确定度分量来源进行分析和合理评估。当测试样品中铬含量为0.736%时,其扩展不确定度为0.006 2%(包含因子k=2)。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钒铝合金中的铁

用盐酸–硝酸–水混合液(3∶1∶4)溶解样品,以火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钒铝合金中的铁含量。实验表明钒铝基体对铁含量测定结果无影响。选择灯电流为12.5 m A,燃气流量为2.0 L/min,燃烧头高度7.5 mm。结果表明,铁的质量浓度x在0~4 mg/L范围内与吸光度y呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为y=0.009 3x–8×10~(–5),相关系数为0.999 9。将该方法应用于两个不同样品中铁的测定,与利用YS/T 1075.1–2015标准方法所得结果基本一致,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为2.32%,2.83%(n=11),加标回收率为98.0%~102.0%,可满足钒铝合金中铁的检测要求。     

气相色谱–质谱法测定白酒中的邻苯二甲酸酯类

采用气相色谱–质谱法对常见名贵白酒中的16种邻苯二甲酸酯类含量进行测定。将样品提取、净化后,经气相色谱–质谱联用仪进行分离测定。采用特征选择离子检测扫描(SIM),以色谱保留时间和色谱碎片的丰度比定性,以峰面积外标法定量。16种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的含量与色谱峰面积在0~2.0μg/m L范围内线性良好,线性相关系数均在0.995以上,方法检出限为0.05 mg/L。16种邻苯二甲酸酯含量测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于10%(n=6),加标回收率为91.21%~105.22%。该方法样品前处理简单,灵敏度高,适用于同时定性及定量检测白酒中16种邻苯二甲酸酯。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定苹果中3种糖及主成分分析和聚类分析

建立高效液相色谱法同时测定苹果中D-果糖、D-葡萄糖和蔗糖含量的方法,并对不同产地样品中3种糖进行主成分分析和聚类分析,为苹果质量评价与分类提供依据。用单因素实验对苹果样品前处理条件进行优化,确定了最佳样品前处理条件:离心转速为16 000 r/min,离心时间为17 min,料液比为1∶12。D-果糖、D-葡萄糖和蔗糖的线性范围分别为0.245～1.495 mg/mL(r=0.999 1),0.104～1.004 mg/mL(r=0.999 6),0.075～1.025 mg/m L(r=0.998 2)。果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖的加标回收率分别为96.83%～100.08%,83.51%～96.40%,93.97%～98.89%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.69%～1.17%(n=6)。通过聚类分析将6个产地的苹果样品分成了3类,与主成分分析结果相同。该方法简便、准确,可用于测定苹果果实中糖的类型及其含量,为苹果品质鉴定提供科学依据。     

快速溶剂萃取–气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中戊唑醇残留量

建立快速溶剂萃取–气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中戊唑醇残留量的分析方法。土壤样品经ASE–350快速溶剂萃取仪萃取,萃取液用硅酸镁(弗罗里硅土)柱净化浓缩,然后用选择离子监测/全扫描(SIM/SCAN)模式,气相色谱–质谱法测定土壤中的戊唑醇含量。该方法检出限为0.008 mg/kg,加标回收率为84.0%~97.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.2%~11.6%(n=6)。该方法具有分离效果好,灵敏度高,重现性好,前处理操作简便等优点,可用于测定土壤中戊唑醇的残留量。     

酶解-离子色谱法测定烟草中的果胶

建立了一种测定烟草中果胶含量的酶解-离子色谱法,并对酶解条件进行了优化.即样品经快速溶剂萃取仪用80%乙醇除糖后,在47℃、pH4条件下用果胶酶酶解2 h,用离子色谱测定酶解液中的半乳糖醛酸含量.该法的线性相关系数为0.999 3,回收率98.3%～100.8%,RSD为3.43%.     

火焰原子吸收法测定锌冶炼渣中的痕量铟

建立空气–乙炔火焰原子吸收测定锌冶炼渣中铟的方法。采用硝酸–盐酸–氢溴酸–氢氟酸–高氯酸溶解样品,以少量氢氟酸除硅,以氢溴酸、高氯酸去除干扰元素锑、铋、砷、锡等,在10%硝酸介质中直接测定铟。铟的质量浓度在0.01～10μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 4,方法检出限为0.001μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.037%～0.067%(n=6),加标回收率为96%～106%。该方法测定结果与电感耦和等离子体发射光谱法测定结果基本一致。该方法样品处理简单,测定结果准确可靠,适用于锌冶炼过程中酸洗渣、镍钴渣、富铟渣、氧化锌浸出铅渣、尾矿渣、中和渣中铟的测定。     

微波谐振腔微扰技术检测造纸法再造烟叶水分

研究了基于微波谐振腔微扰技术检测造纸法再造烟叶水分的方法.用最小二乘法探讨了不同微波测量参数与造纸法再造烟叶水分含量的校准模型,并将检测结果与标准烘箱法进行了比较.研究表明:该方法的测量误差小于0.4%,检测的响应速度仅为 0.1 ms.     

Simultaneous analytical method for the determination of TCH346 and its four metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

TCH346 (dibenzo[b,f]oxepin-10-ylmethyl-prop-2-ynylamine) is a novel propargylamine compound under investigation as a putative agent in the treatment of chronic neurodegenerative illnesses. To support clinical studies an analytical method was developed for TCH346 plus its three amine metabolites and a carboxylic acid metabolite in human plasma. Using a two-step liquid-liquid extraction, one under acidic and one under basic conditions, by pH-switching both the basic and acidic analytes were extracted from 0.5 mL of plasma. All these basic and acidic compounds could be analyzed simultaneously using gradient high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation with positive/negative selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. As a result of the validation study, the analytical method was shown to be appropriate for the determination of TCH346 and its metabolites CGP70861, GP42120, CGP71090, and GP54840 in plasma for forthcoming clinical studies. The LLOQs were set to 2, 200, 20, 20, and 200 pg/mL for TCH346, CGP70861, GP42120, CGP71090, and GP54840, respectively, and the ULOQ for all analytes was 20 000 pg/mL. All analytes were stable in 50% MeOH at 4 degrees C for at least one year, in human plasma stored below -70 degrees C for at least 7 months, in human plasma below -18 degrees C for at least 6 months, in human plasma at room temperature for at least 1 day, and in the final extract solution at 4 degrees C for at least 3 days.     

Simultaneous determination of four heavy metal ions in tobacco and tobacco additive by online enrichment followed by RP-HPLC and microwave digestion

A new method for the simultaneous determination of tin, lead, cadmium, and mercury in tobacco and tobacco additive by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with microwave digestion and an online enrichment technique is developed. The tin, lead, cadmium, and mercury ions are precolumn derivatized with tetra-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-porphyrin (T(4)-DMAPP) to form color chelates. The Sn-T(4)-DMAPP, Hg-T(4)-DMAPP, Cd-T(4)-DMAPP, and Pb-T(4)-DMAPP chelates are absorbed onto the front of the enrichment column using a buffer solution of 0.05 mol/L pyrrolidine-acetic acid (pH = 10.0) as the mobile phase. After the concentration is finished (by switching the six-port switching valve) the retained chelates are back-flushed by the mobile phase and move to the analytical column. The chelate separation on the analytical column is satisfactory using gradient elution with methanol (containing 0.05 mol/L pyrrolidine-acetic acid buffer salt, pH = 10.0) and tetrahydrofuran (containing 0.05 mol/L pyrrolidine-acetic acid buffer salt, pH = 10.0). The linearity range is 0.01-120 micro g/L for each metal ion. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of tin, lead, cadmium, and mercury are 0.6, 0.8, 0.5, and 0.6 ng/L, respectively. This method is applied to the determination of tin, lead, cadmium, and mercury in tobacco and it's additive with good results.     

Validation and application of an analytical method for monomethylmercury quantification in aquatic plant tissues

An analytical methodology for monomethylmercury (MMHg) determination in aquatic plant tissues with low detection limit (346 pg g⁻¹) is proposed. It consists of acid digestion (HBr/CuSO₄), cleanup step with a Na₂S solution, pre-concentration procedure using a dithizone solution in toluene and quantification by GC–ECD. The performance of the methodology has been tested by determining the MMHg concentrations in the certified reference material Fucus Sea Plant Homogenate—IAEA-140/TM (CRM) and in leaves, stems and roots of the salt marsh plants Sarcocornia fruticosa and Halimione portulacoides. The results obtained for CRM were not statistically different ( = 0.056) from the certified value and repeatability was lower than 2.5% for the plant samples analyzed. This coefficient of variation was similar to those obtained in the externally quality control using within-batch and between-batch (<1.4%).     

卷烟主流烟气中8种羰基化合物的超高效液相色谱测定

建立了超高效液相色谱(UPLC）对卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、巴豆醛等8种羰基化合物的测定方法。采用经2,4-二硝基苯肼酸性溶液处理过的剑桥滤片捕集烟气,再用含2%(体积分数）吡啶的乙腈溶液进行萃取,以KinetexTM C18(150 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 μm）为色谱柱,水-乙腈(35∶65）和水-乙腈-四氢呋喃-异丙醇(59∶30∶10∶1）为流动相梯度洗脱,采用二极管阵列检测器进行检测,分析时间为20 min。结果表明,该方法的相关系数r2≥0.999 97,检出限为25.81~67.74 ng/cig,平均加标回收率为95%~99%,相对标准偏差为1.4%~5.8%。各组分峰分离度高、分析时间短、流动相耗量少、结果准确可靠。用该方法对20种不同卷烟牌号样品中8种羰基化合物的含量进行测定,结果满意。     

Simultaneous Determination of Aldoses and Uronic Acids of Citrus Pectin by LC with Precolumn Derivatization and UV Detection

The simultaneous determination of aldoses and uronic acids is now available by liquid chromatography. The procedure involves acid hydrolysis followed by derivatization with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole, which was first employed for aldoses and uronic acids derivatization. The usefulness of this method is seen in the ability to analyze commercially available citrus pectin. The results show that citrus pectin consists of xylose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in molar ratios of 0.3:1.0:1.8:2.8:7.4:50.9, which was consistent with the result obtained by GC. The described method is suitable for routine analysis of pectin or other polysaccharides containing uronic acids.     

A rapid and sensitive analysis of diphenylarsinic acid in water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

A rapid and sensitive analytical method using pentafluorothiophenol (PFTP) derivatization was applied to detect diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA) in water. In this study, the optimum derivatization conditions, such as acid concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature, were investigated to develop a suitable procedure for DPAA determination. After extracting the derivatives into benzene, the determination was carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM). The detection limit of the method was 9.4 microg/l, and the overall recoveries obtained from real environmental samples were 88.9 - 104.7% and coefficient variations were 5.1 - 13.9%.     

咔唑比色法测定造纸法再造烟叶中的果胶含量

采用咔唑分光光度法对造纸法再造烟叶中的果胶含量进行了测定,通过实验对测定条件进行了优化。得到了最优的水解条件(H2SO4加入量6 mL、85℃水解15 min)和显色条件(咔唑乙醇溶液用量0.2 mL、25℃显色2h)。稳定性、精密度和加标回收实验均表明该法在造纸法再造烟叶果胶含量的测定中可以得到满意的结果。     

全自动凯氏定氮仪测定化肥中的含氮量

建立全自动凯氏定氮仪检测化肥中氮含量的分析方法。称取总氮量在0.03~0.3 g范围的样品,经消解仪消解及全自动凯氏定氮仪碱化蒸馏,以硼酸为接收液,用0.15~0.20 mol/L的盐酸标准溶液进行自动滴定。该方法加标回收率为99.0%~101.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.0%(n=6)。与国标GB/T 8527–2010法测定结果无显著性差异,全自动凯式定氮仪法的准确度、精密度均优于国标方法,而且所用试剂少、分析时间短,满足实验室快速检测大批量化肥中含氮量的需要。