An investigation of the applicability of 2,2'-dianthrimide in spectrophotometry: The determination of selenium(IV)

2,2'-Dianthrimide was studied as an analytical reagent and compared with the properties of 1,1'-dianthrimide. While 1,1'-dianthrimide reacts with B, Ge, Se and Te, 2,2'-dianthrimide was found to react only with selenium(IV).A straight line calibration curve is obtained up to 50 μg of selenium under the optimum conditions but the value of 2,2'-dianthrimide as a reagent for selenium(IV) is reduced by the high absorption of the reagent itself.     

Photometric determination of trace selenium in aqueous media

A new procedure is developed for the photometric determination of trace selenium in aqueous solutions. The selection of 2-(p-nitrophenyl)-3,5-diphenyltetrazolium chloride as a reagent for selenium is justified. The proposed sample preparation procedure involves gas extraction of selenium as hydrogen selenide followed by its liquid-adsorption extraction from the gas phase to an aqueous reagent solution with the formation of a water-insoluble formazan. Formazan formed upon the absorption of hydrogen selenide is extracted with isoamyl alcohol. The concentration of selenium is determined from the absorbance of the formazan extract in the isoamyl alcohol. The procedure allows the determination of 10–120 μg/L selenium.     

A new reagent for determining trace selenium by gas chromatography: 1,4-dibromo-2,3-diaminonaphthalene

1,4-Dibromo-2,3-diaminonaphthalene is proposed as a reagent for conversion of selenium into a piazselenol, for determination by gas chromatography. The limit of detection is 0.03 ng of selenium.     

The gas chromatographic determination of selenium(IV) and total selenium in natural waters with 1,2-diamino-3,5-dibromobenzene

The total selenium and selenium(IV) contents in sea water and river water can be determined directly by a gas chromatographic method with l,2-diamino-3,5-dibromobenzene without preconcentration. The reagent reacts only with selenium(IV) to form a 4,6-dibromopiazselenol; other oxidation states of selenium must therefore be converted to the tetravalent state for total selenium determinations. The piazselenol formed can be extracted quantitatively into 1 ml of toluene from 500 ml of sample water. A method is proposed for the determination of selenium(IV) and total selenium in natural waters at levels as low as 2 ng l^-1. Coastal sea water and river water in Japan contain 8–30 ng of Se(IV) and 20–50 ng of total Se per liter.     

Some aspects of the reactions between selenium-containing ligands and platinum group metals

2-(2-Pyridyl)benzo[b]selenophene has been investigated as a possible reagent for palladium. From a consideration of its reactions with diverse metal ions, and the probable structure of the complex formed between the compound and palladium(II) it is postulated that the group may be highly selective for palladium. From the experimental evidence it is suggested that the delocalization of the metal electron density by pi-bond formation between the palladium and selenium atoms is a major factor in determining the stability of the chelated complex.     

Selective photometric determination of selenium in aqueous media

A procedure is developed for the photometric determination of selenium in aqueous media using 2-(p-nitrophenyl)-3,5-diphenyltetrazolium chloride. To selectively determine selenium, a two-stage scheme of sample preparation is chosen. It includes the gas extraction of selenium liberated as hydrogen selenide, its extraction from the gas phase to a solution of lead nitrate by liquid absorption and repeated extraction of hydrogen selenide, followed by its absorption with an aqueous reagent solution to form water-insoluble formazan. The formazan is extracted with chloroform. The concentration of selenium is determined from the absorbance of the chloroform extract of formazan. The procedure involves no special preconcentration operations and allows from 10 to 100 μg/L selenium to be determined.     

Extraction-spectrophotometric determination of selenium in organoselenium compounds using aromatic o-diamines

Procedures for the extraction-spectrophotometric determination of selenium in organoselenium compounds using a new reagent, 1,2-diamino-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene (DAFB), and a known reagent, 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), are developed. Complexes of DAFB or DAN with selenium(IV) are extracted with toluene, and the absorbance of the extracts is measured. The optimal conditions for the determination were found, and the spectrophotometric characteristics were determined. The calibration curves are linear in the range of selenium concentrations of 1–10.6 mg/L (DAFB) and 1–9.1 mg/L (DAN). Nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and sulfur present in organoselenium compounds do not interfere with the determination of selenium. The relative error of determination does not exceed ±2%.     

Relative stability of selenites and selenates in feed premixes as a function of water activity

Sodium selenite is more hygroscopic than sodium selenate. It is, therefore, more likely to dissolve when dispersed in feeds of relatively high water activity. When dissolved, it may form selenious acid and disperse as a vapor. This is easily demonstrated by mounting a filter paper wetted with a reagent such as ascorbic acid over the subject feed, but not in contact with it. The paper turns brown as elemental selenium is formed from reduction of the vapor. Analysis of the paper ensures that the brown is indeed selenium. Though premixes are generally low enough in moisture content to ensure stability of the selenites, this is not true of many feeds. The water activities of a number of feeds, feed premixes, and feed ingredients have been determined instrumentally and compared to those of saturated solutions of sodium selenite and sodium selenate. There is no question that the selenite often dissolves with the potential to react and, in so doing, loses its nutritional function.     

Stabilization of Dry Immobilized Acetylcholinesterase on Nitrocellulose Membrane for Rapid Colorimetric Screening of Its Inhibitors in Water and Biological Fluids.

Abstract

We show the ability of a gelatin and a BSA-trehalose film to convert normally fragile dry immobilized acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AchE) into a stable reagent on nitrocellulose membrane. The remarkable property of the dry immobilized AchE enzyme preparation is its stability when exposed to temperatures as high as 50°C. The proposed method offers a rapid, simple, and inexpensive means in a non-laboratory setup for qualitative analytical colorimetric screening of AchE inhibitor residues such as pesticides and drugs in water and biological fluids.     

硒催化羰基化合成氯苯胺灵

本文报道了一种绿色且简易的合成氯苯胺灵的方法。以廉价易得且能循环使用的非金属硒作催化剂,以一氧化碳替代剧毒光气作羰基化试剂,通过异丙醇和间氯硝基苯经"一锅法"硒催化氧化还原羰基化反应直接合成氯苯胺灵。催化剂硒的反应过程相转移催化作用使其可回收循环使用。并提出了可能的反应机理。     

The application of isotopic dilution analysis to the fluori-metric determination of selenium in plant material

A method has been developed for the fluorimetric determination of selenium in plant material using the reagent 2,3-diaminonaphthalene. Oxygen-flask combustion is used to oxidize plant material. Isotopic dilution techniques are incorporated to account for loss in different stages of the procedure. Measurements are also included on the suitability of several other amines as reagents for selenium.     

Formation and Reactivity of Phosphorus–Selenium Rings

Lawesson reagent for selenium fans : Phosphorus selenium heterocycles and, in particular, [PhPSe₂]₂ (known as Woollins' reagent) are proving valuable in the synthesis of new heterocycles and for the insertion of selenium into organic substrates. Incorporation of phosphorus and selenium atoms into the products leads to a surprising variety of structures.

     

紫外光诱导化学蒸气发生-氩/氢火焰原子荧光光谱法测定丹参中硒

以紫外光诱导化学蒸气发生装置作为原子荧光光谱仪的进样系统,建立了光化学蒸气发生原子荧光光谱法测定中药材丹参中总硒含量的分析方法。研究了试剂浓度、光化学蒸气反应管等因素对硒化学蒸气发生效率的影响。仪器对硒的检出限为6.60 ng/mL,精密度(RSD)为0.6%(n=10),回收率为98%～107%。     

Qualitative detection of selenium in fortified soil and water samples by a paper chromatographic-carboxyl esterase enzyme inhibition technique.

Thevetia peruviana seed carboxyl esterase was employed as a biosensor for the detection of selenium compounds by an enzyme inhibition technique on paper chromatograms. The selenium compounds (sodium selenite and selenium dioxide) appeared as white spots on a magenta background due to the inhibition of Thevetia peruviana seed carboxyl esterase (substrate 1-naphthyl acetate, coupling reagent Fast blue B salt). The minimum detectable amounts were about 5 microg of sodium selenite and 5 microg of selenium dioxide. Many other animal and plant carboxyl esterases gave no inhibition spot under the same conditions. Soil and water samples were fortified with sodium selenite and selenium dioxide. A procedure for preparing test solutions and conditions for paper chromatography was established.     

Synthesis of N,N-disubstituted selenoamides by O/Se-exchange with selenium-Lawesson's reagent

The selenium analogue of Lawesson's reagent, [PhP(Se)(μ-Se)]₂ is an effective reagent for synthesizing N,N-disubstituted selenoamides. The reaction is carried out under mild conditions (room temperature) and affords the selenoamide in higher yield than using other selenation reagents.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定深层培养含硒构菌菌丝体中的硒蛋氨酸

本文用苯异硫氰酸酯作柱前衍生化试剂，衍生的硒蛋氨酸及其它非硒代氨基酸用反相高交液相色谱进行分离分析，分析表明，加无机硒培养的构菌菌丝体中含一定量的硒蛋氨酸，且这一方法广泛适于生物物质中其它硒代氨基酸的分析。     

紫外分光光度法测定12种药材中的微量硒

采用紫外分光光度法，以邻苯二胺为显色剂测定了12种药材中微量硒的含量。本法回收率为98．95％，变异系数1．34％．     

Extraction,Spectrophotometric, and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Determination of Selenium With N-Phenylbenzohydroxamic Acid

Abstract

Solvent extraction spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrophotometric methods for the determination of selenium(IV) in microgram quantities are described. The selenium(IV) forms yellow colored complex with N-phenylbenzohydroxamic acid (PBHA) extractable into chloroform from 7 M HClO₄. Se-PBHA complex has maximum absorbance at 345 nm with a molar absorptivity 1.5 × 10⁵ 1 mol^?1 cm^?1 and Sandell's sensitivity 0.000526 μg /cm². Effect of molarity, reagent concentration, diverse ions on the extraction of selenium complex were studied. The selenium is determined in presence of tellurium.     

Separations involving sulphides : Separation of bismuth,cadmium and indium from various other elements that form thiosalts

It has been shown that 2N sodium sulphide reagent can be successfully used in separating tellurium, molybdenum, antimony or rhenium from bismuth., platinum, gold, selenium, rhenium, arsenic, molybdenum or tellurium from cadmium; platinum, gold, selenium, rhenium, arsenic, molybdenum, tellurium or antimony from indium.It is not possible to separate quantitatively arsenic, platinum, gold or selenium from bismuth; antimony from cadmium; and tin from bismuth, cadmium or indium.