超高效液相色谱法快速测定陈皮及其提取物中4种黄酮类化合物的含量北大核心CSCD

陈皮为芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮[1],具有理气健脾、燥湿化痰等功效,在许多中药复方制剂中均有添加。陈皮的活性成分主要为黄酮类化合物,包括橙皮苷、芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、新橙皮苷以及多甲氧基黄酮(如川陈皮素和红橘素等)[2-5]。     

益肾排石方的指纹图谱及功效关联物质的作用机制北大核心CSCD

应用液质联用技术分析了益肾排石方中的化学成分,建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)指纹图谱,结合生物信息学技术对关键成分、关键靶点和通路进行了预测分析。应用超高效液相串联质谱技术(UHPLC-MS/MS)对益肾排石方中的化学成分进行了鉴定。10批益肾排石方样品,应用HPLC建立指纹图谱,标记共有峰,进行共有峰归属,并进行相似度评价。应用生物信息学技术,基于指认出的成分,建立了“中药-成分-靶点”网络图,通过GEO数据库获得了肾结石相关的差异基因。对方中功效关联物质的作用机制进行了进一步的分析,并进行了分子对接验证。通过数据库匹配、元素组成和碎片结构分析,共从益肾排石方中鉴定出32种成分;在对10批益肾排石方的指纹图谱的建立过程中,通过对照品指认确定了王不留行黄酮苷、松脂醇二葡萄糖苷、虎杖苷、黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩苷、芦丁、木蝴蝶苷A、大黄酸、异橙黄酮、芦荟大黄素、白杨素、大黄酚、厚朴酚、大黄素甲醚、汉黄芩素和大黄素17个共有峰,10批益肾排石方相似度结果均在合理范围内,且17个共有峰均能归属到虎杖、黄芩、牛膝、柴胡、金钱草、枳实、大黄、厚朴、杜仲和王不留行10味中药。结合生物信息学筛选了ESR1和PTGS1为关键基因,与17种药效成分进行分子对接验证,预测大黄酸和王不留行黄酮苷为关键成分。     

含5,4′-多羟基黄酮苷及苷元分子的结构修饰方法

多羟基黄酮苷及苷元类化合物具有多种生物活性与生理功能,但它们在体内的稳定性与生物利用度相对较弱,在药理学上也表现出非特异性作用。由于其在制药、食品与化妆品领域中的重要性,本文根据其分子修饰的取代方式分为黄酮母核酚羟基的O-取代,苯环上C-取代与配糖羟基的酶促催化反应三类,以槲皮素(芦丁)及柚皮素(柚皮苷)等作为黄酮醇(苷)与二氢黄酮(苷)类化合物的典型代表,对酚羟基的保护方法进行了对比分析,简述了这三类半合成反应的特点。重点探讨了Mannich缩合应用于C-取代时,反应底物、单体以及体系酸碱度对反应的影响。研究指出,合理筛选黄酮母核羟基以及单体活性基团的保护方式是成功实现选择性半合成的重要途径。目前,对含有5,4′-多羟基黄酮醇与二氢黄酮类分子的O-取代以多取代产物为主,反应性能明显强于C-取代反应,区域选择性相对较弱。此外,这类活性分子与含长链烷基(C≥12)单体的反应一般属于单取代反应,其脂溶性取代产物在气/液界面上的物理化学行为具备重要的研究与应用价值。     

经典名方当归四逆汤物质基准的关键质量属性研究

该文建立了当归四逆汤物质基准的高效液相色谱(HPLC)特征图谱及多指标含量测定方法,阐明了当归四逆汤物质基准的关键质量属性,完善了其质量控制体系。使用的色谱柱为Pomenex Luna C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.05%磷酸水溶液,体积流量为1.0 mL·min-1,梯度洗脱,进样量为10 μL,柱温30 ℃,检测波长为230 nm和290 nm。15批物质基准特征图谱的相似度均大于0.89;两个检测波长下共确定45个共有峰,并指认7个共有成分,分别为芍药苷、阿魏酸、甘草苷、甘草酸铵、细辛脂素、桂皮醛和藁本内酯;15批物质基准的平均出膏率为15.00%;芍药苷、甘草酸铵、细辛脂素、桂皮醛和藁本内酯的含量分别为8.226~13.46、1.929~6.535、0.020 02~0.034 30、0.076 61~0.543 3和0.075 94~0.140 6 mg·g-1。该研究为经典名方当归四逆汤物质基准的质量控制和复方制剂的开发提供了科学依据。     

银莱汤中主要成分的UPLC多波长宽动态测定及质量评价研究

采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)定量测定银莱汤中10种有效成分的含量并用于其质量评价。采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,3波长切换(0~10 min,320 nm;10~16 min,350 nm;16~30 min,320 nm)测定。结果表明,该方法可在30 min内实现银莱汤中10种有效成分的基线分离,10种成分在各自质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9992),检出限为0.0188~0.0750μg·mL-1,定量下限为0.0625~0.250μg·mL-1。检测得到银莱汤中10种成分的平均含量为0.204~38.129 mg·g-1,其中黄芩苷的含量最高,槲皮苷的含量最低。将该方法用于3批样品分析,所测成分含量稳定、一致性好。该文建立的分析指标相对全面、合理可行,能更好地表征及评价银莱汤质量。     

基于化学模式识别技术的枳实HPLC定量指纹图谱研究

建立了枳实的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱分析方法。色谱柱为Tnature-ACCHROM C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);以乙腈-0.5%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,结合液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(HPLC-QTOF-MS)联用技术对枳实指纹图谱中的共有峰进行鉴定;采用相似度评价、聚类分析(CA)、主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)对22批枳实进行数据分析及质量评价。结果显示:指纹图谱共标定12个共有峰,HPLC-QTOF-MS分析指认出11个成分;22批枳实样品的相似度在0.9以上;CA、PCA和OPLS-DA的分析结果一致,其中江西产地聚为一类,湖南和福建产地聚为一类,并筛选出橙皮苷、新橙皮苷和柚皮苷3个差异性质量标志物。所建立的枳实HPLC指纹图谱方法稳定、可靠,可为其质量控制提供参考依据。     

An integrated approach of high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based chemical profiling,network pharmacology,and molecular docking to reveal the potential mechanisms of Qishen Gubiao granules for treating coronavirus disease 2019

Qishen Gubiao granules, a traditional Chinese medicine preparation composed of nine herbs, have been widely used to prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 with good clinical efficacy. In the present study, an integrated strategy based on chemical profiling followed by network pharmacology and molecular docking was employed, to explore the active components and potential molecular mechanisms of Qishen Gubiao granules in the therapy of coronavirus disease 2019. Using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique, a total of 186 ingredients corresponding to eight structure types in Qishen Gubiao preparation were identified or structurally annotated with the elucidation of the fragmentation pathways in the typical compounds. The network pharmacology analysis screened 28 key compounds including quercetin, apigenin, scutellarein, luteolin and naringenin acting on 31 key targets, which possibly modulated signal pathways associated with immune and inflammatory responses in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. The molecular docking results observed that the top 5 core compounds had a high affinity for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and 3-chymotrypsin-like protease. This study proposed a reliable and feasible approach for elucidating the multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways intervention mechanism of Qishen Gubiao granules against coronavirus disease 2019, providing a scientific basis for its further quality evaluation and clinical application.     

A Reliable Gas Capillary Chromatographic Determination of Lactulose in Dairy Samples

The rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum is an important Chinese medicine used against infectious hepatitis, leucorrhagia, pruritus vulvae of the dampness-heat type, burns, snake bite, carbunculosis, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, trauma with blood stasis, and rheumatism, etc. Emodin, resveratrol, and polydatin are main active components of the rhizome. We report a simple densitometric HPTLC method for quantification of these compounds. The method was validated for precision, repeatability, and accuracy. The method was found to be precise, with RSD of 0.23, 0.25, and 0.32 (interday) and 0.45, 0.57, and 0.48 (intraday) for different concentrations of emodin, resveratrol, and polydatin, respectively. Instrument precision was 0.25, 0.23, and 0.34 (%CV) for emodin, resveratrol, and polydatin, respectively. The accuracy of the method was checked by measuring the recovery of the three compounds at three different levels; the average recoveries were 102.56%, 100.21%, and 100.27%, respectively. The amounts of emodin, resveratrol and polydatin in Polygonum cuspidatum, as estimated by the proposed method, were 4.96 mg g^–1, 1.81 mg g^–1, and 13.02 mg g^–1. The HPTLC method proposed for estimation of emodin, resveratrol and polydatin was found to be simple, precise, specific, sensitive, and accurate and can be used for quality control of Polygonum cuspidatum.     

Quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker combined with HPLC fingerprint qualitative analyses for comprehensive evaluation of Aurantii Fructus

The present study aimed to develop a strategy involving quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint qualitative analysis for performing the quality control of Aurantii Fructus. The content of 12 components (eriocitrin, neoeriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, meranzin, poncirin, naringenin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and auraptene) in samples was determined using reliable relative correction factors that were obtained using naringin as an internal reference standard. The new method demonstrated good applicability, and no significant differences were observed between the external standard method and the new method as determined by calculating standard method difference. Qualitative evaluation of samples was conducted using similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and quality fluctuation analysis. Chromatographic fingerprint data were divided into three groups by similarity and hierarchical cluster analyses, and seven components may have a more significant impact on the quality of Aurantii Fructus in quality fluctuation analysis. Overall, the study suggests that the qualitative and quantitative analyses of multicomponents using quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker combined with chromatographic fingerprinting can be considered good quality criteria for performing quality control and providing technical support for the further pharmacological and pharmaceutical research of Aurantii Fructus.     

Direct determination of polydatin and its metabolite in rat excrement samples by high-performance liquid chromatography

Simultaneous determination of polydatin and its metabolite in excrement samples using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection was accomplished. After extracted them by C18 solid phase extraction, the samples were separated on a reversed-phase column. Detection wave-lengths were set at 306 nm. The separation was carried out with a gradient elution. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml.min(-1). The identities of the peaks were accomplished by comparing retention times, UV and mass data with reference compounds under the same conditions. The standard curve was rectilinear in the range of 0.803-642.6 microg x ml(-1) (r=1.0000) for polydatin, 0.407-325.8 microg x ml(-1) (r=1.0000) for resveratrol. The recoveries of the markers listed above were 102.2% and 97.3%, respectively. The verified method can be used to determine the contents of two compounds in samples of stomach, small intestine, caecum, and large intestine (including excrement) of rats fed with polydatin. The analytical results demonstrated that the metabolism of polydatin is mainly processed in the intestines; polydatin can be transformed into resveratrol by de-sugaring process.     

Simultaneous separation and sensitive detection of naringin and naringenin in nanoparticles by chromatographic method indicating stability and photodegradation kinetics

A simple, sensitive, precise and linear method by liquid chromatography was established for simultaneous determination and quantification of naringin and naringenin in polymeric nanoparticles. The method results in excellent separation in <11 min and with a peak purity of both flavonoids. The analyses were performed using a C₁₈ column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm), at a 1 mL/min flow rate. The mobile phase consisted of a gradient of acetonitrile–water (pH 4.0; v/v) at a temperature of 25°C. The nanoparticles were prepared according to the method of interfacial deposition of a pre‐formed polymer. The method were validated in compliance with guidelines, and was found to be linear in the 1–40 µg/mL concentration range for both naringin and naringenin (r > 0.99). Repeatability was determined at three concentration levels, obtaining an RSD (%) <0.9%, and the accuracy of the method was >98%. The photodegradation kinetics was determined for naringin; the coefficient that best represents degradation was of first order and naringenin presented a zero‐order kinetics. To our knowledge, a rapid and sensitive method for naringin and naringenin in polymeric nanoparticles has not been published elsewhere and this method is applicable to simultaneous evaluation of flavonoids. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Resveratrol and arctigenin production from polydatin and arctiin respectively by a thermostable β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima

Abstract

For preparation of resveratrol and arctigenin from peanut hulls and arctium lappa fruits, respectively, a recombinant β-glucosidase (TmBglA) from hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima was purified and characterized. The hydrolytic activity was the highest at 90?°C and pH 6.2 for arctiin with K_m of 1.61?mM and k_cat of 197.4?s^?1, and 90?°C and 5.8 for polydatin with K_m of 0.38?mM and k_cat of 47.6?s^?1. The enzyme produced 215.4?mg L^?1 resveratrol and 355.7?mg L^?1 arctigenin from 400?mg L^?1 polydatin and 540?mg L^?1 arctiin after 60?min of incubation at 80?°C, with capable of hydrolyzing up to 92.1 and 94.9% of polydatin and arctiin, respectively. The enzymatic hydrolysis of peanut hulls and fructus arctii displayed a conversion yield of 3.8 and 0.33?mg resveratrol and arctigenin per gram of substrate material flour, respectively. Of the reported β-glucosidase, TmBglA exhibited the highest thermostability, k_cat, k_cat/K_m, and conversion productivity for hydrolyzing polydatin and arctiin, and has great potential applications in functional food and medicine production.     

LC-ESI-MS characterisation of phytoalexins induced in chickpea and pea tissues in response to a biotic elicitor of Hypnea musciformis (red algae)

A simple extraction procedure and HPLC method was developed to analyse the major and minor components of induced phytoalexins of elicited tissues (seeds) of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) treated with a biotic elicitor (k-carrageenan) of Hypnea musciformis (red algae) from the Karachi coast. The level and timing of the induced phytoalexin production were estimated on the basis of various elicitor dilutions and as a function of time; the results are presented and discussed. A LC-ESI-MS/MS technique has been employed for the detection and characterisation of the induced phytochemical components (flavonoids and their glyco-conjugates). Nine flavonoids were identified from chickpeas: naringin, naringin malonate, liquiritigenin, naringenin, biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, maackiain and medicarpin, while five flavonoids were identified from peas: afrormosin, anhydropisatin, pisatin, pseudobaptigenin and maackiain. These compounds play a vital role as phytoalexins because of their antimicrobial activity.     

Screening flavonoid metabolites of naringin and narirutin in urine after human consumption of grapefruit juice by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS

The main flavonoids in grapefruit juice, naringin and narirutin, were quantified by LC-MS with structural differentiation by LC-MS/MS. After human consumption of grapefruit juice, urine samples were collected for 24 hours and screened for flavonoid metabolites by LC-MS. The metabolite structures (glucuronides, sulfates, and glucuronide sulfates) were then confirmed via their unique fragmentation patterns by LC-MS/MS. To further verify the identity of the common aglycon (naringenin) shared by the metabolites, enzymatic hydrolysis was performed and the resulting products were analyzed. This work demonstrates that LC-MS and LC-MS/MS techniques can be used for fast metabolite screening without extensive sample preparation.