强酸性阳离子交换树脂负载金属离子改性催化合成乙酸丁酯

用两种强酸性阳离子交换树脂进行金属离子负载改性制备酯化催化剂,考察了金属盐种类,盐浓度,沉浸时间,沉浸温度等因素对催化剂性能的影响.用在优化条件下制备的催化剂催化乙酸和正丁醇酯化反应体系,反应1h乙酸的转化率达到69%.     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成马来酸二异戊酯

以强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂催化异戊醇与马来酸酐反应合成了马来酸二异戊酯。在马来酸酐50mmol,异戊醇200mmol和强酸性阳离子交换树脂4.0g,回流分水60min的条件下,马来酸二异戊酯收率达92.2%,树脂重复使用5次,其活性未发生明显的变化。     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成丁二酸二丁酯

用强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化丁二酸和正丁醇的酯化反应,合成了丁二酸二丁酯。研究了影响反应的因素和催化剂的重复使用性能,在丁二酸25mmol,正丁醇200mmol和催化剂1．5g,回流分水120min的反应条件下,酯化率达95．7％。催化剂套用5次,其活性未发生明显变化。     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化酯化丙烯酸和甲醇合成丙烯酸甲酯的反应动力学

以丙烯酸和甲醇为原料,强酸性阳离子交换树脂Amberlyst-15为催化剂,对苯二酚为阻聚剂,合成丙烯酸甲酯。考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量和温度对反应过程的影响,在实验范围内,随着温度或者催化剂用量的增加,反应速率加快,丙烯酸的转化率也不断提高。醇酸摩尔比的增加能提高丙烯酸的转化率,反应速率出现先增加后减缓的现象。与此同时,建立该催化酯化反应的Pseudo-Homogeneous(PH)的理想和非理想以及Langmuir-Hinshelwood(LH)反应动力学模型,辨识得到相应反应动力学方程。经比较,采用活度替代物质的量浓度的LH模型的平均相对偏差(MRD)最小,计算值为1.466%,最适合实际反应。     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化酯化丙烯酸和甲醇合成丙烯酸甲酯的反应动力学

以丙烯酸和甲醇为原料,强酸性阳离子交换树脂Amberlyst-15为催化剂,对苯二酚为阻聚剂,合成丙烯酸甲酯。 考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量和温度对反应过程的影响,在实验范围内,随着温度或者催化剂用量的增加,反应速率加快,丙烯酸的转化率也不断提高。 醇酸摩尔比的增加能提高丙烯酸的转化率,反应速率出现先增加后减缓的现象。 与此同时,建立该催化酯化反应的Pseudo-Homogeneous（PH）的理想和非理想以及Langmuir-Hinshelwood（LH）反应动力学模型,辨识得到相应反应动力学方程。 经比较,采用活度替代物质的量浓度的LH模型的平均相对偏差(MRD)最小,计算值为1.466%,最适合实际反应。     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化醛与乙酸酐的反应

强酸性阳离子交换树脂能有效地催化醛与乙酸酐的反应合成1，1二酯，获得较好的收率，产物的熔点、红外光谱及元素分析数据均与标准数据相吻合。     

强酸阳离子交换树脂催化性能的研究

通过叔丁醇脱水生成异丁烯的反应研究对比了国内外常见种类的凝胶型和大孔型强酸阳离子交换树脂的催化性能,并对树脂的性质,预处理方法,以及其用量和再生程度等因素对树脂催化活性的影响进行了研究。在此基础上,合成了具有较高催化活性的新型大孔强酸阳离子交换树脂。     

阳离子交换膜催化合成乙酸丁酯动力学研究

研究了以阳离子交换膜为催化剂合成乙酸丁酯的动力学,回归得出催化剂的影响函数f(w),动力学方程中指前因子k0=2284024.48L/mol·min,活化能Ea=52102.95J/mol,建立动力学模型,得到实验范围内的动力学方程并对动力学方程的正确性进行了验证。     

732强酸性阳离子树脂催化合成盐酸维生素B1

以硫羟硫胺为原料,经双氧水氧化得硫酸维生素B1(VB1·H2SO4);VB1·H2SO4经纯化水稀释后,流经732强酸型阳离子交换树脂,用稀盐酸洗脱,浓缩后用85%乙醇重结晶得盐酸VB1,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,MS和元素分析确证。     

大孔强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化甲缩醛和三聚甲醛合成聚甲醛二甲醚的研究

以大孔强酸性阳离子交换树脂(CT175)为催化剂,催化甲缩醛和三聚甲醛反应得到聚甲醛二甲醚(PODEn)。考察了催化剂种类、温度、时间、压力、催化剂用量、原料配比对反应的影响,并研究了催化剂的重复使用性能。结果表明,反应最佳条件为:m甲缩醛:m三聚甲醛=2.5:1,催化剂用量7.5wt%,温度90℃,时间0.5h,压力1.5MPa。在最优条件下,三聚甲醛的转化率达89.0%,PODE3-8的选择性为64.2%。催化剂重复使用20次后,催化活性无明显变化。     

乙酸正丁酯的合成

以乙酸和正丁醇为原料,在硫酸氢钾催化下合成了乙酸正丁酯;考察了反应时间、醇酸比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量及催化剂的重复使用对酯化率的影响.结果表明:当正丁醇用量为0.1mol,乙酸用量为0.135mol,催化剂硫酸氢钾用量为0.8g,带水剂环己烷用量为8mL时,反应的酯化率达95.2%.     

硬脂酸甲酯的合成研究

以252型强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,利用硬脂酸与甲醇在自制反应器中的酯化反应合成了硬脂酸甲酯;考察了酯化反应条件对酯化率的影响.结果表明,酯化反应最佳条件为:硬脂酸40g,甲醇流量0.30mL/min,反应温度95℃,反应时间60min;相应的酯化率可达99%以上.该方法反应条件温和、操作步骤简单,所得产品收率高、质量好.     

A kinetic investigation of removal of chromium from aqueous solutions with a strong cation exchange resin

A kinetic investigation was performed with an ion exchange resin for chromium. A strong cation exchange resin (Amberlite IR 120) was used for removal of chromium. The effects of concentration, resin amount, and stirring speed on kinetics were investigated. The metal concentration range studied was between 5 to 160 mg/dm³ (the amount of solution was 4 dm³), the resin amount range was between 5 to 20 mg, and the stirring speed range was between 1000 to 3500 rpm. Equilibrium experiments were performed for calculation of separation factor. Kinetic studies were done using a Kressman-Kitchener stirrer reactor system and the results were compared with existing kinetic models. Two models, Nernst-Plank film diffusion control model (fdc) and solid phase diffusion control model (pdc), respectively were identified, and the dependence of the rate on parameters such as solution concentration, resin amount, stirring speed, etc. was examined for each of them. The interpretation of these data shows that the system is probably controlled by both film and particle diffusion. Correspondence: Sevgi Kocaoba, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Cad. No: 127, 34210 Davutpasa-Istanbul, Turkey.     

磺酸型阳离子交换树脂催化合成肉桂酸甲酯

以磺酸型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂，由肉桂酸和甲醇合成了肉桂酸甲酯。考察了反应条件对酯化反应的影响和树脂的催化稳定性。结果表明，肉桂酸的转化率可达９５．５％，且催化剂的性能稳定。     

Preparation of magnetic strong cation exchange resin for the extraction of melamine from egg samples followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

In the work, magnetic strong cation exchange (MSCX) resins were prepared using hydrophobic Fe₃O₄ magnetite as the magnetically susceptible component, styrene and divinylbenzene as polymeric matrix components, acetyl sulfonate as the sulfonation agent. The resins were successfully applied to the extraction of melamine (MEL) from egg samples. The extraction procedure was carried out in a single step by blending and stirring the sample, extraction solvent and the magnetic resins. The MEL was extracted from the sample matrix then adsorbed onto the resins directly through ion-exchange interaction. When the extraction was completed, the resins with adsorbed analyte were easily separated from the sample matrix by applying an appropriate magnetic field. Main factors affecting the extraction of MEL such as the amount of MSCX resins, extraction time, washing and eluting conditions were optimized. The MEL eluted from the resins was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The linearity of quantification obtained by analyzing matrix-matched standards is in the range of 10-1000 ng g⁻¹. The limit of detection and quantification obtained are 2.6 and 8.8 ng g⁻¹, respectively. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day ranging from 1.6% to 6.5% and from 2.1% to 7.2% are obtained. The recoveries of MEL are in the range of 77.2-99.3%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine MEL in eggs obtained from different local markets. MEL was detectable with the contents of 43.5 and 234.1 ng g⁻¹ in two samples.     

Facile synthesis of meso-substituted dipyrromethanes and porphyrins using cation exchange resins

The macroporosity and acidity of cation exchange resins play a crucial role in the synthesis of dipyrromethanes and porphyrins; for the first time, cation exchange resins have been used as heterogeneous solid acid catalysts to produce dipyrromethanes and porphyrins in good yields. The reaction, at room temperature, of substituted aromatic aldehydes with pyrrole catalysed by cation exchange resin afforded the corresponding meso-substituted dipyrromethane in yields ranging from 70 to 80%, indicating the broad scope of the reaction. Further, the condensation of meso-substituted dipyrromethane with similar or different substituted aromatic aldehydes, using cation exchange resins furnished meso-tetrakis-symmetrical and mixed porphyrins, respectively. One-pot synthesis of porphyrins can also be carried out directly from the aldehydes and pyrrole under the above conditions. Acidolysis of the dipyrromethane is negligible under the conditions of the porphyrin-forming reaction.     

脱铝超稳Y沸石催化合成乙酸正丁酯研究

研究了脱铝超稳Y沸石催化乙酸与正丁醇的酯化反应。考察了催化剂硅铝比,催化剂用量,反应物配比,反应时间等因素对反应的影响。在适宜的反应条件下乙酸酯化率可达98．0％,且催化剂可重复使用。     

Microcalorimetric study of the adsorption of PEGylated lysozyme on a strong cation exchange resin

Adsorption of native as well as mono-, di-, and tri-PEGylated lysozyme on Toyopearl Gigacap S-650M in sodium phosphate buffer is studied by isothermal titration calorimetry and by independent adsorption equilibrium measurements at pH 6 and 25°C. The production and separation of PEGylated lysozyme is discussed. Two different PEG sizes are used (5 kDa and 10 kDa) which leads to six different forms of PEGylated lysozyme which were systematically studied. The sodium chloride concentration is varied according to the elution conditions in the production process. The specific enthalpy of adsorption Δh(p)(ads) is determined from the calorimetric and the adsorption equilibrium data. It was found to be exothermal and constant with increasing adsorber loading for native lysozyme. For all PEGylated forms there is an influence of the adsorber loading on Δh(p)(ads) which is found to become more important with increasing PEGylation degree (total molecular weight of conjugated PEG). At low loadings the adsorption of all PEGylated lysozyme forms is exothermal. With increasing loading the adsorption becomes less exothermal and for the species with higher PEGylation degree also endothermal effects are observed at higher loadings. A thermodynamic analysis is carried out by which the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the binding constants are quantified. The findings are discussed on a molecular level. The results provide insight into the adsorption mechanisms of polymer-modified proteins on chromatographic resins.     

Electrical conductivity and cation exchange kinetic studies on poly-o-toluidine Th(IV) phosphate nano-composite cation exchange material

An advanced organic–inorganic cation exchange material poly-o-toluidine Th(IV) phosphate nano-composite was synthesized by a modified sol–gel technique by incorporating Th(IV) phosphate precipitate with the matrix of poly-o-toluidine. The material showed good ion-exchange behavior and used successfully in separation of metal ions. The conductivity of the composite was found within the range of 10⁻² to 10⁻³ S/cm; measured by 4-in-line-probe dc electrical conductivity measuring technique. The conductivity is at the border of metallic and semiconductor region. Ion-exchange kinetics for few divalent metal ions was evaluated by particle diffusion-controlled ion-exchange phenomenon at four different temperatures. The particle diffusion mechanism is confirmed by the linear τ (dimensionless time parameter) versus t (time) plots. The exchange processes thus controlled by the diffusion within the exchanger particle for the systems studies herein. Some physical parameters like self-diffusion coefficient (D₀)_, energy of activation (E_a) and entropy of activation (ΔS⁰) have been evaluated under conditions favoring a particle diffusion-controlled mechanism.