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《理化检验(化学分册)》2019,(11)
<正>全世界15亿以上的人口主要以地下水作为饮用水,中国600个城市中就有400个城市存在水资源短缺问题,地下水在其供水总量中所占比例往往超过50%,有些城市甚至达到80%[1]。根据中国地质调查局发布《中国地球化学调查报告(2016年)》,中国区域地下水中污染组分超标率已达15%左右,主要污染物为三氮、重金属和有毒有害微量有机污 相似文献
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不久前,从泉州召开的全省城市供水水质新标准培训会议上获悉,泉州有望具备检测城市供水新标准全部106项指标的能力,市民用水将更有保证。根据2005年建设部出台的《城市供水水质标准》要求,居民饮用水有100多个检测指标把关,达不到强制性标准的水将禁止居民饮用。泉州正紧抓落实,逐步开展106项水质指标的检测,泉州市水质监测站拟于2009年底,具备新标准要求的全部106项的检测能力。(志)泉州具备检测城市供水新标准能力@志 相似文献
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一些地表面水中都含有一定量的腐植酸,它是由地面上的腐植酸淋溶到水中或由水中浮游生物与植物的残体腐殖而产生的。腐植酸是深褐色的有机物,它的存在是使地面水变为褐黄色的主要原因。在用这种地面水作为城市饮用水时,大都需先通入氯气进行净化和消毒。前几年美国路易斯安那州的新奥尔良布 相似文献
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N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)是一种强致痛物质,普遍存在于食品、工业制品和污染大气之中.作为一种新发现的饮用水消毒副产物,NDMA已逐渐成为水环境化学研究领域的一个热点.介绍了饮用水消毒副产物NDMA的相关背景,重点评述了NDMA在水中的形成机制,主要包括亚硝化和非对称二甲肼氧化两种途径,强调NDMA的前体物还有待进一步确认.对水中NDMA的去除方法进行了总结,包括物理方法、光解作用、生物降解和高级氧化技术.最后提出了饮用水含氮消毒副产物NDMA的若干研究方向. 相似文献
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水中酚类化合物的固相萃取-气质联用法测定 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
酚类是指苯环或稠环上带有羟基的化合物,酚类对人体具有致癌、致畸、致突变的潜在毒性.饮用水经氯气消毒时会产生卤代酚,不但会使饮用水带有氯酚味,影响口感,还会带来健康风险.所以国内外对水中酚的检测非常重视,美国环保局(EPA)优先监控的酚类化合物共11项,我国水中优先控制污染物黑名单中酚类化合物有6项[1]. 相似文献
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曾慧丽 《理化检验(化学分册)》2001,37(5):234-235
早在 190 8年起就用加氯消毒法对饮用水进行处理 ,这种水处理方法因其安全有效而得到世界的公认。然而近年来 ,人们研究发现 ,加氯消毒的饮用水中广泛存在着三卤代甲烷 (THM )。这是饮用水消毒过程中氯与某些有机物反应而形成的 ,包括氯仿、二氯一溴甲烷、一氯二溴甲烷及溴仿四种 ,一般以氯仿的含量较高。美国、德国、加拿大、日本等国家规定饮用水中三卤代甲烷的最大允许量分别为 0 .1,0 .2 5,0 .35和 0 .1mg·L- 1,并把它作为反映加氯消毒饮用水有害物质形成的一项重要指标[1] 。本法用气液平衡法测定水中微量三卤代甲烷 ,方法操作… 相似文献
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陈振明 《广东微量元素科学》2017,24(5):5-8
生活饮用水安全关系到大众的生命健康和安全的各个方面,加强对居民生活供水的管理是关乎民生的重要课题。简述了广州市花都区城镇饮用水安全的现状,总结了现阶段饮用水安全保护工作中的不足和困难,并提出了相应的具有可操作性的建议。 相似文献
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生活饮用水经加氯消毒,接触一定时间后有适量的氯留存于水中以保证持续的杀菌能力,也可以防备供水管网受到外来污染而影响水质,这种氯称为剩余氯。它在水中以游离性余氯(HOCl、ClO^-)、化合态余氯(NH2C1、NHCl2、NCl3)状态存在。游离氯杀菌和氧化能力强,化合态氯中一氯胺(NH2C1)具杀菌能力,且较稳定与持久,而NCl3没有杀菌能力。所以,分别测定各种氯的存在状态及浓度,对于折点加氯等具有重要的生产指导意义。 相似文献
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利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。 相似文献
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Mustafa R. Ibrahim Zacharia A. Fataftah Paul von Ragu Schleyer Peter D. Stout 《Journal of computational chemistry》1987,8(8):1131-1138
Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases. 相似文献
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V. I. Bol'shakova L. I. Demenkova É. N. Shmidt V. A. Pentegova 《Chemistry of Natural Compounds》1988,24(6):691-694
The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae. 相似文献
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由于石化行业的生产需要,其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性,经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识,根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集,实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展,并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。 相似文献
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V. I. Bol'shakova L. I. Demenkova É. N. Shmidt V. A. Pentegova 《Chemistry of Natural Compounds》1989,24(6):691-694
The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988. 相似文献
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The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted
indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator
model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was
established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing
analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom.
Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997. 相似文献