气相色谱法测定果蔬中5种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立快速、准确测定果蔬中5种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的方法。采用漩涡振荡提取农药残留,固相萃取柱净化,毛细管柱气相色谱法-μECD检测器测定。该法可同时分离检测5种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留,检出限为0.001～0.005μg/mL。拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量在0.01～1μg/mL范围内与色谱峰高线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.9998。测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.8%～10.5%(n=6),回收率为89.9%～105.0%。     

气相色谱法测定火锅底料中的多种有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了火锅底料中21种有机氯农药和6种拟除虫菊酯农药残留的同时测定方法.样品经乙腈超声提取,凝胶渗透色谱、弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱和N-丙基-2-乙二胺净化,毛细管气相色谱柱分离后,微电子捕获检测器检测.火锅底料中有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯农药的检出限分别为0.082～2.3 μg/kg和1.5～13.0 μg/kg;有机氯农药的加标水平为10, 20和50 μg/kg,拟除虫菊酯农药为20, 40和100 μg/kg时,27种农药的平均回收率为70.5%～116.0%;相对标准偏差为0.2%～6.1%.本方法快速、灵敏、可靠,可用于火锅底料中多种农药残留的同时检测.     

气相色谱-质谱法检测茶饮料中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立了同时检测茶饮料中12种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的方法.样品经乙酸乙酯萃取后,用PSA固相萃取柱(伯仲氨基柱)净化,再由气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱分时段选择离子监测技术进行测定.12种拟除虫菊酯在0.05～1.0 μg/mL浓度范围内,线性相关系数为0.9989～0.9997.在0.02×10-3,0.04×10-3和...     

气相色谱-负化学源质谱法测定蔬菜中17种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量

建立了气相色谱-负化学源质谱检测蔬菜中17种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的方法。样品中的目标物经乙腈提取后,用乙二胺-N-丙基甲硅烷(PSA)和石墨化炭黑填料进行分散固相萃取净化,气相色谱-负化学源质谱选择离子监测模式测定,同位素内标法定量。在甜豌豆、绿花菜和大葱基质中均未见干扰所有农药测定的现象。17种拟除虫菊酯类农药的定量限均为0.02～5 μg/kg。在10、20、30和100 μg/kg等4个添加水平下,所有农药的回收率均为71.0%～139.0%,相对标准偏差≤12.8%。该方法可作为蔬菜中17种菊酯类农残检测的确证方法。     

气相色谱法检测桑叶中有机氯及菊酯类农药

建立了毛细管气相色谱法检测桑叶中农药多残留的方法。样品以乙腈为提取剂,提取液用弗罗里硅土柱净化,乙酸乙酯∶正己烷(体积比15∶85)洗脱,采用HP-5与DB1701毛细管色谱柱双柱,气相色谱-电子捕获检测法(GC-ECD)测定42种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药及其异构体的残留量。结果表明:该方法在20、80、160μg/kg 3个添加水平下回收率分别为78.6%～110.3%、78.3%～109.6%、80.1%～109.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均在1.1%～11.3%,符合农药残留分析的要求。该方法重复性及净化效果好,可用于桑叶中42种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药及其异构体的残留量检测。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定茶叶中残留的92种农药

建立了茶叶中92种农药多残留的气相色谱分析方法。茶叶样品用乙腈一次性提取后,有机磷类农药经Envi-Carb固相小柱净化,用10 mL乙腈-甲苯(体积比为3∶1)洗脱剂淋洗,气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(GC-FPD)检测;有机氯类和拟除虫菊酯类农药经串联Envi-Carb和NH2固相小柱净化,用5 mL乙腈-甲苯(体积比为3∶1)洗脱剂淋洗,GC-电子捕获检测器(ECD)检测。采用外标法定量。添加回收试验的结果表明:92种农药的平均回收率为80.3%～117.1%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～9.8%。方法的检出限为0.0025～0.10 mg/kg。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定中药材中多种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量

研究了气相色谱法测定中药材中多种拟除虫菊酯类残留量的分析方法。样品经正己烷．丙酮混合液[V（正己烷）：V（丙酮）=1：1]提取，氟罗里硅土层析柱净化，采用毛细管色谱柱分离，GC-ECD可同时测定8种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量，回收率为76．6％～104．2％。     

中药材中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的微波萃取/气相色谱检测

研究了采用微波辅助萃取法从中药材中提取拟除虫菊酯类农药的影响因素。拟除虫菊酯类农药用毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测。实验结果表明萃取中药材中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的最佳微波萃取参数设置为:萃取温度80℃;萃取时间10 min;萃取压力808 kPa。在此微波萃取条件下,萃取回收率在80%~108%之间,相对标准偏差介于4.4%~5.8%,方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.04~0.16μg.g-1。     

超声波提取-固相萃取净化-气相色谱法分析烟草中拟除虫菊酯类农药及氟节胺残留

建立了超声波提取-固相萃取净化-气相色谱联用测定烟草中多种拟除虫菊酯类农药及氟节胺残留量的方法。与现行标准方法相比,本方法前处理简单、快速、有机溶剂消耗量少,且增加了分析目标物的数量。8种拟除虫菊酯类农药及氟节胺在0.1、0.5和1μg/g三个加标水平的回收率为86%～111%,相对标准偏差为0.2%～4.1%,满足当前烟草农药残留的检测要求。     

气相色谱双塔双柱同时测定蔬菜中多种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量

建立了蔬菜及其制品中16种有机氯农药和8种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的气相色谱分析方法. 样品用V(丙酮)∶V(正己烷)＝1∶1提取, 加入20 g/L Na2SO4溶液用正己烷进行液液分配, 提取液用硅镁吸附剂层析柱净化, 采用DB-1701与DB-5毛细管柱分离, 双塔同时进样双GC-uECD同时检测, 双柱定性定量, 在两个水平添加时的回收率(n=6)分别为79.8～118.7%和85.6%～118.8%, 相对标准偏差分别为2.1%～9.2%和1.8%～8.6%, 该方法的检出限为有机氯农药0.001 mg/kg, 联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和三氟氯氰菊酯为0.002 mg/kg, 其余5种拟除虫菊酯类农药0.005 mg/kg.     

Clean-up of a pesticide-lanolin mixture by gel permeation chromatography

In this study, the efficiency of a clean-up method by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for the separation of pesticides from lanolin is analyzed. The pesticides analyzed belong to two different families, organophosphorous and synthetic pyrethroids. Lanolin, a standard mixture of the pesticides, and a lanolin-pesticides mixture are injected in a GPC column. The recoveries and elution times from the GPC column of lanolin (by a gravimetric method) and pesticides (by gas chromatography-electron capture detector) are determined. From this column, a good separation of the lanolin-pesticides mixture is observed.     

Multiresidue analysis of pesticides in vegetables and fruits by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after gel permeation chromatography and graphitized carbon column cleanup

A multiresidue method for pesticides that enables quantitative, sequential analysis of a large number of vegetable and fruit samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has been developed. First, 89 important target compounds were selected for monitoring, and then the appropriate internal standards for these pesticides, 14 stable isotopically labeled pesticides (surrogates), were used. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile, and the extract was cleaned up by a salting-out step followed by redissolution in ethyl acetate. Coextractives were removed automatically by gel permeation chromatography with a graphitized carbon column, and then by use of a tandem silica-gel/PSA cartridge column. Recoveries of 82 of the 89 pesticides from fortified spinach, tomato, apple, and strawberry were within a range from 70 to 120%, and the relative standard deviation values of 80 of the 89 pesticides were <5%. The method was applied to 188 commercial vegetable and fruit samples to demonstrate its use in routine analysis.     

Multiresidue determination of pesticides in sediment by ultrasonically assisted extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GS/MS) method was developed for the multiple determination of pesticides in sediment. The investigated pesticides included 85 compounds, i.e., 13 fungicides, 43 herbicides, and 29 insecticides. The pesticides were extracted from sediment samples by an ultrasonically assisted procedure. The extract was cleaned up by using reversed-phase column chromatography followed by normal-phase column chromatography. A styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer cartridge and a silica gel cartridge were used as the reversed-phase column and the normal-phase column, respectively. The compounds were determined by GC/MS with 2 internal standard compounds. The overall recoveries were 70-105%, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 1.5 to 18%. The minimum detectable concentrations were 2-10 microg/kg. This method was successfully applied to sediment samples from the Shin River in Niigata, Japan. Twenty-five pesticides (6 fungicides, 11 herbicides, and 8 insecticides) were detected in the sediment samples. The concentrations of the detected pesticides ranged from 3 to 69 microg/kg. Herbicides were found May through July; insecticides and fungicides were found July through August, and during July through September, respectively. The presence of pesticides in the river sediment was correlated with the time of pesticide application in the Shin River basin.     

Simultaneous determination of 109 pesticides in unpolished rice by a combination of gel permeation chromatography and Florisil column purification, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

A multi-residue method is described for the simultaneous analysis of 109 pesticides with different properties in unpolished rice. The range covers organophosphorus, organochlorine, carbamate, and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides. The pesticides were extracted from the sample using ethyl acetate. Most higher molecular weight components such as lipids in the co-extractives were removed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with a Bio-bead SX-3 column. A Florisil column with ethyl acetate/hexane as the eluting solvents was used for further cleanup. The pesticides were finally simultaneously determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The average recoveries for most pesticides (spiked level 0.02, 0.1 and 1 microg/g) ranged from 70% to 110%, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was below 20% in every case, and the limit of detection (LOD) varied from 1 to 20 ng/g.     

Determination of Pesticides in the Rhizome of Traditional Chinese Medicines by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection

A simple and efficient gas chromatography method for the determination of 27 organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in traditional Chinese medicine was developed. Pesticide residues were extracted from the samples by oscillation and ultrasound, and purified by gel permeation chromatography and florisil solid phase extraction. The analysis was performed by gas chromatography with micro-electron capture detection. The purification conditions, such as the extraction and elution solvents, extraction methodology, and gel permeation chromatography conditions, were optimized. Traditional Chinese medicines were purified by different methods based on their composition. Under optimized conditions, the calibration graph was linear from 10 to 500 µg/L and the correlation coefficients varied from 0.9958 to 0.9997. The detection limits of these pesticides were between 0.09 and 1.82 µg/kg. The recovery of the pesticides spiked in various samples at four concentrations ranged from 73.2% to 106.4%, with relative standard deviations between 1.0% and 14.0%. This study indicates that the method is useful for determining pesticides in rhizome traditional Chinese medicines.     

凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱同时测定糙米中拟除虫菊酯、有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留量

 基于凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对脂类和色素的优良分离能力,系统研究了其对有机氯农药、拟除虫菊酯农药、多氯联苯和糙米基体的分离行为。介绍了一种可同时测定糙米中35种拟除虫菊酯、有机氯农药和多氯联苯的方法。样品用乙酸乙酯提取,凝胶渗透色谱净化,气相色谱-电子捕获检测法(GC-ECD)检测,外标法定量。在低、中、高浓度3个添加水平上的回收率分别为70.1%~107.4%,70.3%~109.9%和70.8%~109.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.3%~13.3%;有机氯农药和多氯联苯的检出限为0.07 μg/k     

同位素稀释气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤/底泥中23种有机氯农药

建立了同位素稀释气相色谱-质谱法(ID-GC-MS))测定土壤/底泥中23种有机氯农药残留的分析方法。样品经干燥、研磨、筛分处理后用250mL丙酮-正己烷(体积比为1∶1)混合溶剂进行索氏提取24h,再经铜粉、凝胶渗透色谱和弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,最后用DB-5毛细管柱进行分离和电子轰击电离源质谱在选择离子监测模式下进行检测,并用13C标记同位素稀释内标法定量。实验结果表明,23种化合物的标准曲线的线性相关性良好,线性范围为50～1600μg/L,同位素内标的回收率范围为60%～110%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～18%;方法的检出限为0.20～10.3μg/kg。该方法的净化效果较好,定量准确,适用于土壤/底泥这类复杂基质中农药残留的确证分析。     

Determination of chlorinated pesticides and PCB in pine needles — improved method for the monitoring of airborne organochlorine pollutants

A method to determine organochlorine pollutants in pine needles is described. Fresh, whole needles have been extracted for 48 h in dichloromethane to obtain the epicuticular wax fraction. The remainder has been cut into small pieces and again extracted with dichloromethane to obtain the internal lipids. Prior to gas chromatography, both the wax and the internal lipid extracts have been fractionated on two columns: first a silica gel/silica gel : sulphuric acid 2 : 1 column with dichloromethane as eluent and then a nitrophenyl silica column with hexane as eluent. Three fractions have been collected, fraction 1 containing hexachlorobenzene (HCB), fraction 2 containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene (DDE), and fraction 3 containing the remaining, more polar, organochlorine pesticides. For some pine species, the nitrophenyl silica column has been combined with a short aminopropyl silica column to obtain chromatograms of the PCB fraction free from negative peaks. The precision is in the range of 4–12% relative standard deviation, and the overall recovery is around 65–90%.     

凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱质谱法测定：花生中6种除草剂农药残留

建立了凝胶渗透色谱一气相色谱质谱（GPC～GC=MS）法测定花生中6种除草剂（氟乐灵、异恶草酮、甲草胺、二甲戊乐灵、乙氧氟草醚、喹禾灵）农药残留的方法。样品经乙腈提取,氨基固相萃取柱和凝胶渗透色谱净化,在选择离子扫描（SIM）模式下进行气相色谱质谱法测定,外标法定量。6种除草剂浓度在0．02-1．00mg／L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数为O．9949～0．9998,添加回收率为77．8％-101．6％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4．4％～11．4％（月=5）,方法的检出限为0．1～1．3μg／kg。     

A new method for the quantitative analysis of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls

A simple method is described for the quantitative determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in water at the sub-ppb level. A micro gas-phase extractor advantageously replaces other preconcentration and purification techniques. The extract is analyzed by capillary gas chromatography without further enrichment. The recovery at the ppb level was nearly 100% for organochlorine pesticides and more than 80% for PCB's. The complete procedure including sample preparation, steam distillation-extraction, and capillary gas chromatographic analysis is carried out in less than four hours.