基于WO_x/PEDOT:PSS复合空穴传输层的高效稳定平面异质结钙钛矿太阳电池

在基于钙钛矿/富勒烯平面异质结的钙钛矿太阳电池中,PEDOT:PSS是最常使用的空穴传输材料.但PEDOT:PSS呈酸性,会腐蚀金属氧化物透明电极,使器件的电极界面稳定性欠佳.本文将高功函的氧化钨(WOx)插入到PEDOT:PSS和FTO之间,形成WOx/PEDOT:PSS复合空穴传输层,这样既可以避免PEDOT:PSS与FTO直接接触,提高器件的稳定性,又可以进一步降低电极界面的接触势垒,从而提升器件的性能.作者研究了复合传输层对透光率、钙钛矿形貌、钙钛矿结晶、光伏性能及器件稳定性的影响.基于WOx/PEDOT:PSS复合空穴传输层的电池效率可以达到12.96%,比单纯的PEDOT:PSS的电池效率(10.56%)提升了22.7%,同时器件的稳定性也得到大幅改善.     

左旋多巴和N,N-二甲基亚砜共掺杂PEDOT:PSS作为空穴传输层的高性能p-i-n型钙钛矿太阳能电池

在p-i-n型的钙钛矿太阳能电池中,聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩:聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS)作为最常用的空穴传输层(HTL)材料之一,由于其存在着吸湿性强以及能级与钙钛矿层不匹配等缺点,限制了它的应用。基于此,本文拟采用将左旋多巴(DOPA)和N,N-二甲基亚砜(DMSO)共同掺杂于PEDOT:PSS作为HTL的简单方法制备高性能p-i-n型钙钛矿太阳能电池。研究结果表明,DOPA和DMSO共掺杂PEDOT:PSS可以有效的调节HTL的能级并提高其导电性,器件的能量转化效率由13.35%显著提高到了17.54%。进一步研究发现,相比于未掺杂或单一掺杂的PEDOT:PSS,在DOPA和DMSO共掺杂的PEDOT:PSS上更有利于生长大尺寸、高结晶度的钙钛矿晶体;同时稳态/瞬态荧光和交流阻抗测试表明器件的内部载流子分离和传输更加有效。     

通过聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸改性实现高性能蓝色钙钛矿发光二极管

金属卤化物钙钛矿材料因其独特的光电特性,在光电器件领域引起了相当大的关注和研究.特别是近年来,绿色和红色钙钛矿发光二极管(PeLEDs)研究取得了显著进展.然而,蓝色PeLEDs的发展落后于绿光和红光PeLEDs,效率也要低得多.其中一个主要原因是空穴传输层与蓝色钙钛矿材料的能级不匹配.在这项研究中,通过使用聚(4-苯乙烯磺酸钠)(PSS-Na)和溴化钾(KBr)改性空穴传输层材料聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT:PSS),抑制PEDOT:PSS与钙钛矿材料界面之间的非辐射复合.并通过降低膜的粗糙度来提高钙钛矿膜的质量.结果表明,PSS-Na和KBr有效地提高了空穴传输能力,从而提高了PeLEDs器件的整体性能.通过PSS-Na改性PEDOT:PSS制备的蓝色PeLEDs具有低启亮电压(仅为3.3V)和高外量子效率(EQE)(达到4.12%).随着PEDOT:PSS中进一步加入KBr,蓝色PeLEDs最大EQE达到6.25%,启亮电压降至3 V.此外,与其他蓝光钙钛矿器件相比,该器件在不同电压下也表现出了良好的光谱稳定性.说明通过改性空穴传输层,可以提高钙钛矿发光器...     

聚乙烯醇导电水凝胶制备的综合实验设计

设计了聚乙烯醇(PVA)导电水凝胶制备的综合实验。实验设计包括:前期文献调研、聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT∶PSS)掺杂PVA水凝胶(PEDOT∶PSS/PVA)的制备、水凝胶结构表征与性能测试等部分。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜分别表征了PEDOT∶PSS/PVA的组成与形貌;采用数字万用表表征了PEDOT∶PSS/PVA的电导率;采用电子万能试验机表征了PEDOT∶PSS/PVA的机械性能及力敏性能。数据表明:PEDOT∶PSS/PVA具有良好的机械性能、导电性及力敏性能,且随着PEDOT∶PSS掺杂量的增加,PEDOT∶PSS/PVA的导电性、机械性能及力敏性能有所增加。教学实践表明,综合实验的开展有利于提高学生综合运用材料、化学专业知识的能力,在锻炼学生动手能力的同时,培养其分析问题、解决问题的能力。     

原位聚合聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩):π共轭聚电解质应用于聚合物太阳能电池空穴传输层

以带磺酸基团的π共轭聚电解质为模板,采用化学氧化还原方法制备了在水相中稳定分散的聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)与聚电解质的复合物,并用作聚合物太阳能电池的空穴传输层.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、紫外光电子能谱(UPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和接触角等对聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩):聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT:PSS)和复合物薄膜的形貌和光电性能进行测试与表征.结果表明,相比于PEDOT:PSS,PEDOT:聚电解质复合物作为空穴传输层,具有合适的能级结构、高达95%的透光率(30 nm)、更疏水的表面形貌以及更高的空穴迁移率,有利于与活性层形成欧姆接触并提高空穴的注入和收集效率,进而提高器件的光伏性能.     

有机太阳能电池空穴传输材料研究进展

有机太阳能电池(OSCs)是一种使用有机半导体作为光活性层材料的太阳能电池。其中空穴传输层对OSCs的载流子输运、能级调节、优化光活性层形貌等方面起到了显著提升的作用，因此开发和研究空穴传输材料具有重要意义。详细综述了近几年OSCs中聚合物及金属化合物空穴传输材料的研究进展，其中对聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT∶PSS)、MoO₃、WS₂等传输材料的修饰和改善进行了重点讨论，并归纳了其提升器件光电转换效率(PCE)和稳定性的原因。为进一步选择和设计空穴传输层以此提升OSCs的性能提供了参考。     

聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩):聚苯乙烯磺酸盐热电性能的 提升策略研究进展

近十年,有机聚合物及其复合热电材料与柔性器件取得了显著进展,在废热回收利用、可穿戴电子学、软体机器人和物联网等领域有广泛的应用.其中,聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩):聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT:PSS)是迄今研究最多也是性能最高的聚合物体系.本文对近年来有关PEDOT:PSS热电性能有效提升主要策略的文献报道进行了总结.首先,从PEDOT:PSS的二次掺杂/去掺杂、酸或碱处理和离子液体处理方面等,重点论述了掺杂/去掺杂策略的研究进展;然后,分别从改善聚集态结构、构筑PEDOT微纳米结构和与碳纳米材料复合等3个方面,重点介绍了采用此3种策略提升PEDOT:PSS热电性能的研究进展;最后,对该领域进行总结,提出了开展进一步研究的建议,并对其未来发展前景进行展望.     

氧化石墨烯掺杂PEDOT:PSS作为空穴注入层对有机发光二极管发光性能的影响

研究了氧化石墨烯（GO）掺杂聚（3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩）:聚（苯乙烯磺酸）（PEDOT:PSS）作为空穴注入层对有机发光二极管发光性能的影响.在PEDOT:PSS水溶液中掺入GO,经过湿法旋涂和退火成膜后,不仅提高了空穴注入层的空穴注入能力和导电率,透光率也得到了相应的提高,从而使得有机发光二极管（OLED）器件的发光性能得到了提升.通过优化GO掺杂量发现,当GO掺杂量为0.8%（质量分数）时,空穴注入层的透光率达到最大值（96.8%）,此时获得的OLED器件性能最佳,其最大发光亮度和最大发光效率分别达到17939 cd·m^-2和3.74 cd·A^-1.与PEDOT:PSS作为空穴注入层的器件相比,掺杂GO后器件的最大发光亮度和最大发光效率分别提高了46.6%和67.6%.     

高性能的二维层状材料硫化钨界面层的有机太阳能电池（英文）

化学剥离的硫化钨二维层状材料在经过紫外臭氧处理后用作有机太阳能电池的空穴传输层,可以显著提高电池器件的光电转化效率至8.37%;作为空穴传输层,硫化钨二维层状材料可以与经典的空穴传输材料PEDOT:PSS相媲美.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、原子力显微镜(AFM)对硫化钨的结构和形貌进行分析.结果表明,紫外臭氧处理过后,氧原子能填充硫化钨因锂插层剥离而产生的硫空位,减少它的缺陷,并且使其部分被氧化,从而改善硫化钨的电学性能.     

PEDOT导电高分子在柔性能量转化与存储器件的研究进展

近年来, 柔性有机和钙钛矿光伏器件、有机薄膜晶体管和医用传感器等因其具有可穿戴性、柔性、半透明性等优点, 成为科学研究的热门领域. 利用具有优异力学性能的导电聚合物是实现这些高性能器件的有效途径之一. 在导电聚合物中, 3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩(PEDOT)及其水性分散液3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩:聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS)已经被证明是最有前途替代传统金属氧化物的柔性材料, 其在器件中可作为透明电极、空穴传输层、互连器、电活性层或运动传感导体等. 综述了PEDOT及PEDOT:PSS应用柔性器件的研究现状, 包括提高电导率、机械耐受性和长期稳定性的各种策略, 揭示了性能增强的潜在机理. 最后, 论述了导电聚合物在器件制备中亟待解决的问题和未来发展方向. 本工作讨论了导电聚合物薄膜形貌的重要性, 并展望了它们在下一代柔性电子器件中的广阔前景.     

Secondary doping in poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) thin films

The electrical and structural properties of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films deposited from aqueous dispersion using different concentrations of selected secondary dopants are studied in detail. An improvement of the electrical conductivity by three orders of magnitude is achieved for dimethyl sulfoxide, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, and N,N‐dimethylformamide, and the secondary dopant concentration dependence of the conductivity exhibits almost identical behavior for all investigated secondary dopants. Detailed analysis of the surface morphology and Raman spectra reveals no presence of the secondary dopant in fabricated films, and thus the dopants are truly causing the secondary doping effect. Although the ratio of benzenoid and quinoid vibrations in Raman spectra is unaffected by doping, the phase transition in PEDOT:PSS films owing to doping is confirmed. Further analysis of temperature‐dependent conductivity reveals 1D variable range hopping (VRH) charge transport for undoped PEDOT:PSS, whereas highly conductive doped PEDOT:PSS films exhibit 3D VRH charge transport. We demonstrate that the charge ‐ hopping dimensionality change should be a fundamental reason for the conductivity enhancement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 1139–1146     

Water soluble amino grafted silicon nanoparticles and their use in polymer solar cells

Stable aqueous amino-grafted silicon nanoparticles(SiNPs-NH2) were prepared via one-pot solution method. By grafting amino groups on the particle surface, the dispersion of SiNPs in water became very stable and clear aqueous solutions could be obtained. By incorporating SiNPs-NH2 into the hole transport layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonic acid(PEDOT:PSS), the performance of polymer solar cells composed of poly[2-methoxy,5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene](MEH-PPV):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM) as active layer can be improved. SiNPs-NH2 are dispersed uniformly in the PEDOT:PSS solution and help form morphologies with small-sized domains in the PEDOT:PSS film. SiNPs-NH2 serve as screens between conducting polymer PEDOT and ionomer PSS to improve the phase separation and charge transport of the hole transport layer. As a result, the sheet resistance of PEDOT:PSS thin films is decreased from(93 ± 5) × 105 to(13 ± 3) × 105 ?/□. The power conversion efficiency(PCE) of polymer solar cells was thus improved by 9.8% for devices fabricated with PEDOT:PSS containing 1 wt% of SiNPs-NH2, compared with the devices fabricated by original PEDOT:PSS.     

Improving the performance of polymer solar cells by efficient optimizing the hole transport layer-graphene oxide

Graphene oxide (GO) materials have emerged as a promising alternative for hole transport layer (HTL) in polymer solar cells (PSCs) due to their unique structures and properties. However, insulating properties and eco-contaminative production of GO still need to be solved. Here, we report on the preparation of GO through an improved Hummers method without using NaNO₃, which is an eco-friendly option because it avoids the emissions of NO₂ and N₂O₄ toxic gases. Subsequently, the GO as HTL in PSCs is reduced by simple heat treatment of different temperatures in air, and the performance of devices is obviously improved. The FT-IR and XPS spectra show oxygenated functional groups in GO thin films are gradually removed with the increase of annealing temperature, which restores sp² hybridized graphitic structure, and makes the GO thin films more conducive to the charge transfer. The highest power conversion efficiency of PSCs based on the P3HT: PC₇₁BM system with GO as HTL is 3.39%, which approaches that of PSCs with PEDOT: PSS as HTL (3.41%). Moreover, the devices with annealed GO as HTL have better stability compared to devices with PEDOT: PSS.     

Oxoammonium enabled secondary doping of hole transporting material PEDOT:PSS for high-performance organic solar cells

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most widely used hole transporting materials in organic solar cells(OSCs). Multiple strategies have been adopted to improve the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS, however,effective strategy that can optimize the conductivity, work function, and surface energy simultaneously to reach a better energy alignment and interface contact is rare. Here, we demonstrate that oxoammonium salts(TEMPO~+X~-) with different counterions can act as facile and novel dopants to realize secondary doping of PEDOT:PSS. The effective charge transfer process achieved between TEMPO~+X~- and PEDOT:PSS results in enhanced carrier density and improved conductivity of PEDOT:PSS. Moreover,different counterions of TEMPO~+X~- can tune the work function and surface energy of PEDOT:PSS, enabling improved device performances. The resulting device with PM6:Y6 as the active layer shows a high power conversion efficiency(PCE) over 16%.Moreover, this doping strategy can also be applied to other conjugated polymers such as poly(3-hexylthiophene). This work provides a promising strategy to tune the properties of conjugated polymers through doping, thus effectively boosting the performance of organic solar cells.     

Bis(4-methylthio)phenyl)amine-based hole transport materials for highly-efficient perovskite solar cells: insight into the carrier ultrafast dynamics and interfacial transport

Hole transport layers(HTLs) play a significant role in the performance of perovskite solar cells. A new class of linear smallmolecules based on bis(4-methylthio)phenyl)amine as an end group, carbon, oxygen and sulfur as the center atoms for the center unit(denoted as MT-based small-molecule), respectively, have been applied as HTL, and two of them presented the efficiency over 20% in the planar inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs), which demonstrated a significant improvement in comparison with the widely used HTL, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(known as PEDOT:PSS), in the planar inverted architecture. The ultrafast carrier dynamics show that the excited hot carrier cooling process of MT-based small-molecule HTL samples is faster than that of PEDOT:PSS samples. The kinetic analysis of photo-bleaching peaks of femtosecond transient absorption spectra reveals that the traps at the interface between MT-based small-molecule HTLs and MAPbI_3 can be filled much quicker than that at PEDOT/MAPbI_3 interfaces. Moreover, the hole injection time from MAPbI_3 to MT-based small-molecule HTLs is around 10 times quicker than that to PEDOT:PSS. Such quick trap filling and hole extraction bring a significant enhancement in photovoltaic performances. These findings uncover the carrier transport mechanisms and illuminate a promising approach for the design of new HTLs for highly-efficient perovskite solar cells.     

Improved efficiency of organic solar cells with modified hole‐extraction layers

The aim of this work has been to study the influence of modified hole‐extraction layers on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) based on blends of poly (3‐hexylthiophene) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C₆₁‐butyric acid methyl ester. The hole‐extraction layers consist of poly (3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) doped with different concentrations of bromine. Compared with pristine OSC without adding bromine to the hole‐extraction layer, the bromine‐doped OSCs show a 49% increase in the power conversion efficiency (from 2.12 to 3.16%), which could be attributed to the increase of electrical and optical properties of PEDOT:PSS films after the addition of bromine. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 50: 125–128, 2012     

Conductivity enhancement of PEDOT:PSS film via sulfonic acid modification: application as transparent electrode for ITO-free polymer solar cells

3-Hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid(HPSA)was applied as a modification layer on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)film via spin-coating,resulting in a massive boost of the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS film,and thus the as-formed PEDOT:PSS/HPSA bilayer film was successfully used as a transparent electrode for ITO-free polymer solar cells(PSCs).Under the optimized concentration of HPSA(0.2 mol L~(-1)),the PEDOT:PSS/HPSA bilayer film has a conductivity of 1020 S cm~(-1),which is improved by about 1400 times of the pristine PEDOT:PSS film(0.7 S cm~(-1)).The sheet resistance of the PEDOT:PSS/HPSA bilayer film was 98Ωsq~(-1),and its transparency in the visible range was over 80%.Both parameters are comparable to those of ITO,enabling its suitability as the transparent electrode.According to atomic force microscopy(AFM),UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopic measurements,the conductivity enhancement was resulted from the removal of PSS moiety by methanol solvent and HPSA-induced segregation of insulating PSS chains along with the conformation transition of the conductive PEDOT chains within PEDOT:PSS.Upon applying PEDOT:PSS/HPSA bilayer film as the transparent electrode substituting ITO,the ITO-free polymer solar cells(PSCs)based on poly[N-9″-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)]:[6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(71)BM)(PCDTBT:PC_(71)BM)active layer exhibited a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 5.52%,which is comparable to that of the traditional ITO-based devices.     

Lithium Polystyrene Sulfonate as a Hole Transport Material in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Despite the exceptional efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), further improvements can be made to bring their power conversion efficiencies (PCE) closer to the Shockley-Queisser limit, while the development of cost-effective strategies to produce high-performance devices are needed for them to reach their potential as a widespread energy source. In this context, there is a need to improve existing charge transport layers (CTLs) or introduce new CTLs. In this contribution, we introduced a new polyelectrolyte (lithium poly(styrene sulfonate (PSS))) (Li:PSS) polyelectrolyte as an HTL in inverted PSCs, where Li⁺ can act as a counter ion for the PSS backbone. The negative charge on the PSS backbone can stabilize the presence of p-type carriers and p-doping at the anode. Simple Li:PSS performed poorly due to poor surface coverage and voids existence in perovskite film as well as low conductivity. PEDOT:PSS was added to increase the conductivity to the simple Li:PSS solution before its use which also resulted in lower performance. Furthermore, a bilayer of PEDOT:PSS and Li:PSS was employed, which outperformed simple PEDOT:PSS due to high quality of perovskite film with large grain size also the large electron injection barrier (ϕ_e) impeded back diffusion of electrons towards anode. As a consequence, devices employing PEDOT:PSS / Li:PSS bilayers gave the highest PCE of 18.64%.