生物素的全合成

本文综述国外学者在生物素合成方面所作的工作, 简述生物素的生化功能, 并指出在我国进行生物素合成开发研究的必要性和迫切性。     

微分脉冲伏安法测定生物素

用微分脉冲阳极伏安法研究了生物素的电化学行为，用金电极作工作电极，在ｐＨ３．５９的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ介质中，生物素的峰电位为０．４６Ｖ，生物素浓度在１．０×１０－６～２．０×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内与峰高呈线性关系。本法应用于含生物素样品的分析，可以不经分离，直接测定。此外，还用循环伏安法研究了电极反应的可逆性。     

两种生物素杂质的合成

d-生物素(d-B iotin)又称维生素H、辅酶R,以游离或与蛋白质结合的形式广泛分布于动植物组织中,目前生物素已广泛应用于医药、家禽、家畜的营养和饲料添加剂方面[1~4]。目前比较权威的生物素质量标准是欧洲药典[5],其在美国药典[6]的基础上提出了5个有关物质(impurity A、B、C、     

生物素的微分脉冲极谱行为及其测定

用微分脉冲极谱法研究了生物素的电化学行为，用滴汞电极作工作电极，在０１ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＬｉＣｌ底液中，生物素的峰电位为－１５０Ｖ，生物素浓度在５２８～８７７μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１范围内与峰高呈线性关系。初步探讨了电极反应机理。该法应用于含生物素样品的分析，可以不经分离，直接测定，结果良好。     

饲料中生物素的高效液相色谱测定

介绍了用液相色谱测定饲料中生物素的方法,探讨了流动相中缓冲液、pH值、有机溶剂等对分离的影响,确定的较佳色谱条件:HypersilODS柱,流动相为甲醇-0.1mol·L-1KH2PO4(H3PO4调pH＝3.5)(体积比25∶75),流速1.0mL／min,紫外210nm检测;方法的相对标准偏差在3.5%以内,回收率在92%～102%,检出限为1mg／kg;实验表明该法简便、快速,适应性好;方法应用于饲料样品中生物素的测定,取得了很好的结果。     

热稳定生物素化荧光素酶的制备及其在焦测序中的应用

新一代大规模焦测序技术需要稳定的可固定化的荧光素酶,为了制备热稳定性好且被生物素化的荧光素酶,本研究采用基因工程方法将生物素羧基载体蛋白C端87个氨基酸残基(BCCP87)与荧光素酶在大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中进行融合表达,以实现菌体内直接表达生物素化的荧光素酶(BCCP-LUC);并对北美萤火虫(Photinus pyralis)荧光素酶基因进行了定点突变以增强其热稳定性;用链亲和素包被的磁珠对重组融合蛋白进行固定化,用于焦测序。实验结果表明:突变后的荧光素酶在50℃环境中仍具有活性;在43℃下10min活性保留大于80%,热稳定性明显增强。Western blot分析结果表明,荧光素酶能够在大肠杆菌内生物素化。用链亲和素包被的磁珠结合BCCP-LUC后具有较高活性(2.1×105RLU/μL Beads),经过多次洗涤活性无明显下降。采用微球固定的荧光素酶以及ATP硫酸化酶成功的进行了DNA序列的测定且定量准确,表明固定化的荧光素酶可以应用于焦测序中,为建立高通量大规模芯片焦测序技术提供有效、稳定的工具酶。     

d-生物素的全合成研究

以L-胱氨酸或L-半胱氨酸的盐酸盐为起始原料, 经过10步反应, 以超过30%的产率, 得到一条新的高效的d-生物素合成路线. 从L-胱氨酸开始, 通过中间休2的酰胺烷基化得到中间体3, 再在过氧酸催化下重排开环生成中间体4, 然后经过氧化、还原和缩合等几步建立起生物素的骨架.     

生物素中间体内酯合成进展

简述了生物素合成方法，并综述了有关生物素中间体内酯(3aS，6aR)-1，3-二苄基一六氢-1H-呋喃并[3，4-d]咪唑-2，4-二酮的合成进展。     

一种吸附荧光素的生物素化聚苯乙烯微球的制备

合成的聚苯乙烯乳胶微球经氯甲基化和胺化后，在碱性条件下用生物素－ε－氨基己酸－Ｎ－羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯生物素化，制备了生物素化微球。制备的微球对荧光素钠具有良好的吸附能力。     

新型生物素标记的苦杏仁苷活性探针的合成

以苦杏仁苷结构中的糖羟基作为反应位点进行生物素化修饰,经酯化、缩醛化、Sonogashira偶联等反应合成了一个新型的生物素标记的苦杏仁苷活性探针,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和HR-ESI-MS表征。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.