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1.
镍被广泛应用于日常使用的合金饰品中,镍的释放会引起皮炎等症状.针对不同组成及制备工艺的合金饰品进行了镍释放量的考察,表明相同基材的合金饰品,随着镍含量的增加,镍释放量增加;相同镍含量的基材,应用冲压工艺制备样品的镍释放量值低于失蜡浇铸工艺制备样品的镍释放量值.贵金属的加入能有效抑制镍释放量.  相似文献   

2.
含铜/镍金属酶的成熟需要一系列的铜/镍金属伴侣蛋白,这些铜/镍金属伴侣蛋白分别参与铜或者镍的转运,对维持细胞体内铜/镍金属平衡至关重要,同时金属酶完成金属催化活性中心的组装也依赖于这类伴侣蛋白。近年来关于铜/镍金属蛋白的研究取得可喜的进展,这些研究为进一步认识体内铜/镍平衡体系提供了重要依据。本文首先简要地介绍铜的摄取和细胞内平衡体系,接着着重介绍三个重要的铜转运蛋白Atox1、Cox17和CCS关于结构和功能的进展,以及这些铜转运蛋白和药物相互作用的机理。然后详细介绍在氢化酶和脲酶成熟路径中参与了镍的摄取、调节、转运和存储,维持细胞内镍金属平衡的镍伴侣蛋白,并介绍了脲酶、氢化酶这两条成熟路径之间的联系。  相似文献   

3.
本文通过恒电流沉积法在柔性覆铜基板上制备了具有纳米锥阵列结构的黑色镍层,制备的纳米锥镍的底部约为200 nm, 高度约为1 μm,且大小均一,分布致密。本文探讨了镍电沉积中电流密度和主盐浓度对纳米锥镍结构形貌的影响,结果表明低电流密度和高主盐浓度有利于纳米锥镍的形成。电沉积过程中保持镍离子的供应充足是锥镍结构产生的关键因素之一, 而高电流密度会影响镍离子浓度的浓差极化,从而影响锥镍的成核过程。温度、主盐浓度以及结晶调整剂的变化会导致镍颗粒的形貌发生圆包状和针锥状结构的相互转化。温度升高具有一定的细化晶粒作用,锥镍结构需要在大于50 oC的条件下生成。结晶调整剂能够改变沉积过程中的晶面择优生长,且可以调控镍晶粒的形貌,使得生成的锥结构分布均匀, 颗粒细致。结果表明,在4.0 mol·L-1 NH4Cl和1.68 mol·L-1 NiCl2·6H2O体系中沉积出分布均匀的纳米锥镍阵列结构。本文利用氯化铵作为纳米锥镍的晶体改性剂,通过分子动力学模拟理论上分析了NH4+在镍表面的吸附过程。计算结果表明镍不同晶面上NH4+吸附能的差异引起各晶面镍沉积速率的差异, 从而导致纳米锥镍阵列的形成。本文呢进一步结合形貌表征,提出了纳米锥镍阵列的电沉积生长的两步生长机理,包括前期的成核生长和后期的核生长过程,前期成核过程为优势生长,生成大量的晶核, 为锥镍的生长提供了生长位点,而后期的核生长过程表现为锥状镍核的择优生长, 最终形成完整均匀的锥镍阵列结构。本文制备的纳米锥镍结构还具有优异的亲水性和良好的吸光效果, 对于近紫外和可见光的吸收率大于95%, 具有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

4.
镍的火焰原子吸收光谱法的测定已有报道,在测定中大多采用232.0 nm吸收线。光谱分析波长适合于微量镍的测定,但不适于不锈钢中高含量镍的测定。国家标标准GB/T 223.25—1994方法对不锈钢中镍的测量范围为0.030%~2.00%,不适合应用于样品中镍含量大于2%的样品的测定,应选用丁二酮肟重量法和EDTA滴定法测定镍量,操作繁琐,耗时长。针对此问题,本工作采用火焰原子吸收光谱法,采用镍341.5 nm次灵敏线测定不锈钢中高含量镍,样品经盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+12)溶液溶解后定  相似文献   

5.
镍催化偶联反应机理研究进展(英文)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李哲  刘磊 《催化学报》2015,36(1):3-14
近期发展了很多镍催化的偶联反应作为在有机合成中高效构建C–C键的方法,同时开展了很多关于控制镍催化反应活性和选择性的机理研究.这些研究发现,镍催化反应机理往往和相应的钯催化反应机理不同,因为镍催化偶联经常包括自由基和双金属机理.本文总结了镍催化偶联反应机理的最新进展.对于这些反应机理的理解为发展具有更高效率和选择性的镍催化偶联反应提供了帮助.  相似文献   

6.
为了回收矿渣中的镍,研究了还原剂、温度、有机酸种类及浓度、固液比等因素对矿渣中低品位镍浸出的影响,实验结果表明还原剂的加入与否对镍的浸出影响很小,镍浸出率随温度的升高而增大,草酸对镍的浸出效果最佳,有机酸的浓度越高,固液比越小,镍浸出率越大,但镍浸出速率随时间的增加逐渐变小,之后趋于平衡.另外,草酸优先浸出矿渣中的铁、铝.在170 r·min~(-1)、75℃、固液比1∶50,浸出时间3 d,1.0 mol·L~(-1)的草酸对镍的浸出率可达到70%以上.  相似文献   

7.
甲烷重整制合成气镍催化剂积炭研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文综述了甲烷转化制合成气镍催化剂积炭的研究进展,论述了积炭热力学和动力学、积炭类型、积炭机理和影响积炭的因素,详细分析了催化剂的镍粒子尺寸、镍-载体相互作用、载体碱性强度、载体氧化-还原性质和添加助剂对镍催化剂的积炭速率和积炭量的影响,并总结了重整反应工艺参数和反应器形式对镍催化剂积炭的影响。最后指出,采用现代表征手段阐明镍催化剂的积炭机理、种类和数量,明确积炭的规律,可为设计开发抗积炭性能强的镍催化剂提供理论依据;可通过增强金属与载体的相互作用、减小镍粒子的尺寸(镍粒子尺寸小于20 nm)和选择适宜的载体来制备抗积炭性能强的催化剂;可通过采用流化床反应器且优化工艺参数来减少重整过程积炭量;可通过寻求行之有效的积炭催化剂再生方法来解决镍催化剂积炭问题。  相似文献   

8.
镍镀层中微量六方晶格镍的存在与稳定性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对由含糖精的Watts液得到的镍镀层(含硫镍)和Watts镍镀层(无硫镍)进行透射电镜观察及选区电子衍射实验,结果表明无硫镍镀层呈粒状结构,晶粒尺寸在100~500nm之间,属面心立方结构;含硫镍镀层为层状结构,层间距在700~1500nm之间,每层又由许多宽约200~300nm的小层组成,晶粒尺寸约20~30nm,大部分属面心立方结构,在层与层交界处发现有少量六方结构镍晶体,差示扫描量热法实验表明,在约180℃左右六方结构镍转化为更稳定的面心立方结构。  相似文献   

9.
乙烯齐聚制α-烯烃镍系催化剂   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
综述了乙烯齐聚制α-烯烃镍系催化剂的研究新进展.讨论了均相镍催化剂配体的种类、空间结构和性质,多相镍催化剂载体的结构、性质及镍阳离子价态等对乙烯齐聚反应的影响,并对镍系催化剂活性中心及反应中间物形成的催化反应机理进行了阐述.提出了设计合成具有适宜电子效应、空间结构和介电稳定性的配体是均相镍催化剂的研究重点;而开发新型载体及能够保持活性中心稳定性的添加组分则是多相镍催化剂的研究重点.  相似文献   

10.
吕春华  殷学锋  陆平 《分析化学》2007,35(5):767-771
提出了一种简便快速制作高聚物微流控芯片镍阳模的新方法。采用抛光镍片作为电铸基底,涂覆SU-8光胶层后,光刻得到SU-8微结构。以镍基片作为阳极,用16~30A/dm2的电流密度电解刻蚀5min,清除SU-8微结构间隙底部镍片表面的氧化物,并刻蚀得到10~20μm深的凹坑,有效地提高了随后电沉积镍结构和基底镍片间结合力。利用SU-8微结构作为电铸模板,以镍基片作为阴极,电铸5h后制得了微结构倾角为83°深宽比较大的镍阳模。实现了在普通化学实验室中长寿命镍阳模的制作。用热压法制得500多片聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)聚合物芯片,并成功用于DNA片段的分离。  相似文献   

11.
利用高灵敏度的石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪对来自不同镍环境和不同状态的40个人眼晶状体中的镍进行了测试。在测试中,采用了方便的HNO,消解法对样品进行预处理,通过实验比较测得普通石墨管对镍的特征质量是长寿命石墨管的4.6倍,然后用长寿命石墨管对各种样品的消解后获得的测试液进行镍的测定,由此得到每个人眼晶状体中的绦量。结果表明:正常人的透明晶状体中的镍量明显低于患有白内障人眼晶状体中的镍量;而与镍矿直接接触的白内障患者的晶状体中的镍量显著高于非直接接触镍矿白内障患者和一般白内障患者晶状体中的镍量。这种关联表明人眼晶状体中的镍元素可能是白内障的致病因素之一。  相似文献   

12.
微量元素钴、镍与人体健康   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
钴和镍是人体中必需的微量元素。对钴和镍与人体健康的关系进行了论述,包括:钴和镍在人体内的存在与分布、代谢、生理功能及对人体健康的影响。  相似文献   

13.
稀土氯化物催化作用下纳米氢化钠对芳基卤化物的还原脱卤*张源魁廖世健**徐筠余道容(中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,大连116023)沈琪(苏州大学化学化工学院,苏州215006)关键词催化还原脱卤,稀土氯化物,氢化钠,双金属协同效应有机卤化物的还原脱卤...  相似文献   

14.
为了解地氟病区土壤化学元素异常分布情况,给全面查找地氟病病因提供依据,采用生态学比较研究对各乡镇患病率与土壤化学元素水平做了相关分析.结果表明,巫山县土壤中铅、镍、氟、pH 与患病率有较弱的正相关关系;奉节县土壤中汞、镍与患病率有较弱的正相关关系.巫山县土壤氟和碘分别是其背景值的1.84、2.89倍,患病率高达65.3...  相似文献   

15.
Transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are important in chemical synthesis for the formation of C−C and C-heteroatom bonds. Suitable catalysts are frequently based on palladium or nickel, and lately the cheaper and more abundant first-row transition metal element has been much in focus. The combination of nickel catalysis with photoredox chemistry has opened new synthetic possibilities, and in some cases electronically excited states of nickel complexes play a key role. This is a remarkable finding, because photo-excited metal complexes are underexplored in the context of organic bond-forming reactions, and because the photophysics and the photochemistry of first-row transition metal complexes are underdeveloped in comparison with their precious metal-based congeners. Consequently, there is much potential for innovation at the interface of synthetic-organic and physical-inorganic chemistry. This Minireview highlights recent key findings in light-driven nickel catalysis and identifies essential concepts for the exploitation of photoactive nickel complexes in organic synthesis.  相似文献   

16.
Catalytic activity, chemical composition, and structure of Ni-Re-B, Ni-Mo-B, and Ni-W-B alloys obtained by chemical-catalytic reduction of metal ions were studied. Introduction of a doping element into the nickel-boron alloy changes the catalytic activity of the alloy surface as regards concurrent partial reactions of heterogeneous hydrolysis of dimethylamine borane, reduction of nickel atoms, evolution of molecular hydrogen, boron, and carbon. The aim of the work was to elucidate the causes for nonlinear, bell-shaped dependence of partial rates of dimethylamine borane hydrolysis and hydrogen evolution on the concentration of the doping element in the alloy. The structure and uniformity of distribution of elements in the coatings were evaluated. Estimation of the grain size in the deposits based on the broadening of reflex (111) evidences the nanocrystalline structure of the obtained alloys. The minimum grain size (<20 nm) corresponds to the doping element concentration within the alloy with the maximum catalytic activity. Boron content in the alloys decreases at an increase in the doping element concentration. The observed acceleration of the heterogeneous reaction of dimethylamine borane hydrolysis is explained by a change in the catalytic activity of the coating surface as a result of the subsystem restructuring during the formation of an alloy between nickel and the doping element.  相似文献   

17.
Magnetic properties of solid solutions based on lanthanum gallate doped with strontium and a transition element in the ratio 1: 5 were studied. Stabilization of these systems is not related to the oxidation of the transition element, rather it is determined by the formation of clusters from the transition element atoms including strontium atoms and vacancies in the oxygen sublattice. A model suggested for the explanation of electronic-ionic conductivity of doped lanthanum gallates allowed us to recommend gallates containing chromium and cobalt as materials for electrolytes and those containing nickel, for cathodes.  相似文献   

18.
This work addresses the novel non-aqueous sol–gel process preparation of carbon-supported nickel nanoparticles. In the sol–gel process, ethanol, nickel nitrate or nickel (П) acetylacetonate, and citric acid were used as solvent, source of metallic element, and chelating agent, respectively. Hexadecylamine (HDA), oleic acid and oleylamine were used as surfactants. The calcination process was performed under protecting Ar or N2 flowing. Carbon supported nickel nanoparticles can be prepared by this sol–gel process. Moreover, no grain growth occurs in a temperature range of 200 K, meaning that the grain size of the nickel nanoparticles can be controlled in this sol–gel process. The nickel nanoparticles can display typical superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature when HDA has been used. This novel method is expected to have wide applications in the field of metallic nanoparticles.  相似文献   

19.
Sulfur-bearing nickel was prepared by a direct electrodeposition in an ammoniacal Ni(II) electrolyte containing thiourea. This sulfur-bearing nickel showed an excellent dissolving activity when used as anodic materials in the traditional Watt bath. The influence of thiourea on the surface microstructure, crystallization texture, and electrocrystallization process of sulfur-bearing nickel were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical techniques. The results show that the S element is uniformly distributed in the electrodeposited nickel. The prepared nickel samples present a blade shape microstructure, and the blade size decreases by the addition of thiourea. Sulfur-bearing nickel exhibits face-centered cubic structure and (111) preferred orientation, and the orientation distribution is strengthened with increased thiourea concentration. The nucleation parameters, such as N 0, A, and J 0, are obtained from the initial parts of the transients making use of Sharifker–Mostany theoretical model. Both the nucleation rate and the vertical growth rate are increased by the addition of thiourea, leading to finer grains and better dissolving activity.  相似文献   

20.
以王水溶解试样,用氨水作沉淀剂,并加入适量三乙醇胺及柠檬酸进行掩蔽,以消除铁及铬等元素的干扰,在pH=3-6的酸性介质中,加入过量的EDTA标准溶液,使镍与EDA形成稳定的络合物,以PAN为指示剂,用硫酸铜标准溶液滴定过量的EDTA标准溶液,从而求得镍的含量。  相似文献   

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