SrCe0.95Er0.05O3-α固体电解质的导电性

SrCe_0.95Er_0.05O_3-α ceramic of a single orthorhombic phase of perovskite-type SrCeO₃ was prepared by high-temperature solid state reaction. Using the ceramic as solid electrolyte and porous platinum as electrodes, the measurements of conductivities and ionic transport numbers on SrCe_0.95Er_0.05O_3-α ceramic were performed by using electrochemical methods in the temperature range of 600～1 000 ℃ in wet hydrogen, dry air and wet air, respectively. The results indicate that the sample is a pure protonic conductor with a maximal conductivity of 0.01 S·cm^-1 in wet hydrogen, a mixed conductor of oxide-ion and hole in dry air, and a mixed conductor of proton, oxide-ion and hole in wet air.     

BaCe0.8-xNbxGd0.2O3-δ(0≤x≤0.45)的制备及性能研究

采用高温固相反应法制备了质子导体BaCe_0.8-xNb_xGd_0.2O_3-δ(0≤x≤0.45)。结合XRD、SEM、EIS等技术对其物相、微观形貌、稳定性及电导率进行了研究。结果表明,在1 600 ℃烧结5 h制备的质子导体BaCe_0.8-xNb_xGd_0.2O_3-δ(0≤x≤0.45)均能保持主相为斜方晶的钙钛矿结构。Nb的加入可明显提高烧结样品的致密性及在CO₂和水蒸气气氛下的稳定性。在湿润H₂/Ar(0.4%,V/V)气氛中800 ℃下,x=0.1样品的电导率为5.73 mS·cm^-1,电导活化能为0.35 eV,与x=0的样品相当。     

Ba0.95Ce0.8Ho0.2O3-α的离子导电性

用高温固相反应法制备了Ba_0.95Ce_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α，X–射线衍射表明，该材料为单相钙钛矿型斜方晶结构。以该材料为固体电解质，多孔性铂为电极，用气体浓差电池方法和交流阻抗谱方法分别测定了材料在600 ~ 1000℃温度范围，潮湿氢气、干燥和潮湿的空气中的离子迁移数和电导率，研究了该材料的离子导电性，并与BaCe_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α作了比较。结果表明，在600 ~ 700 ℃、潮湿氢气中，Ba_0.95Ce_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α是纯的质子导体，质子迁移数为1；在800 ~ 1000 ℃，是质子和电子的混合导体，质子迁移数为0.97 ~ 0.93。而BaCe_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α在潮湿氢气中几乎是纯的质子导体，在600 ~ 900 ℃，质子迁移数为1；在1000 ℃，质子迁移数为为0.99。在600 ~ 1000℃温度范围内、干燥的空气中，它们都是氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体，氧离子迁移数分别为0.24 ~ 0.33和0.17 ~ 0.30；在潮湿的空气中，它们都是质子、氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体，质子迁移数分别为0.11 ~ 0.00 和0.09 ~ 0.01，氧离子迁移数分别为0.41 ~ 0.33和0.27 ~ 0.30。在潮湿的氢气和空气中，在600 ~ 800 ℃温度范围内，Ba_0.95Ce_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α的质子电导率高于BaCe_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α，但在800 ~ 1000 ℃温度范围内，Ba_0.95Ce_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α的质子电导率则低于BaCe_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α。在600 ~ 1000 ℃温度范围内、潮湿和干燥的空气中，氧离子电导率总是高于BaCe_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α。     

质子导体BaCe0.8Lu0.2O3-α的电性能

采用高温固相法制备了BaCe_0.8Lu_0.2O_3-α质子导体。运用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）对该材料的物相结构、微观形貌进行了表征。在500~900℃温度范围内,应用交流阻抗谱和气体浓差电池方法研究了材料在不同气体气氛中的离子导电性和氢-空气燃料电池性能。结果表明,BaCe_0.8Lu_0.2O_3-α材料为单一斜方晶结构,具有良好的致密性。在500~900℃温度范围内,干燥或湿润的氮气、空气和氧气中,材料的电导率随着氧分压增大稍有增大。在湿润的氢气中,材料表现为纯的质子导电性。在以该材料为固体电解质的氢-空气燃料电池条件下,材料表现为质子、氧离子和电子的混合导电性,其中离子导电性始终占主导;氢-空气燃料电池在900℃下的最大输出功率密度为92.2mW·cm^-2,高于我们以前报道的BaCe_0.8RE_0.2O_3-α（RE=Pr,Eu,Ho,Er,等）材料。     

Co3O4/ZnO修饰针灸针的制备及其在葡萄糖检测领域的应用

将Co₃O₄/ZnO针状纳米棒材料修饰到针灸针表面用于检测葡萄糖浓度的变化。首先采用水热法在针灸针表面得到Co（CO₃）_0.5（OH）·0.11H₂O针状纳米棒前驱体,然后在500 ℃条件下退火3 h得到Co₃O₄针状纳米棒阵列。再采用浸渍法将预制备好的ZnO量子点修饰到Co₃O₄针状纳米棒表面,得到Co₃O₄/ZnO复合修饰的针灸针。研究发现此针灸针对葡萄糖具有较好的电流响应（2 264.27 μA·L·mmol^-1·cm^-2）、较快的响应速度（<4 s）及较低的检测极限（0.311 μmol·L^-1（S/N=3））。且该针灸针在用于检测人体模拟细胞液中葡萄糖浓度时,对抗坏血酸和尿素等表现出较强的抗干扰性。     

Co3O4/ZnO修饰针灸针的制备及其在葡萄糖检测领域的应用

将Co₃O₄/ZnO针状纳米棒材料修饰到针灸针表面用于检测葡萄糖浓度的变化。首先采用水热法在针灸针表面得到 Co（CO₃）_0.5（OH）·0.11H₂O针状纳米棒前驱体,然后在500 ℃条件下退火3 h得到Co₃O₄针状纳米棒阵列。再采用浸渍法将预制备好的ZnO量子点修饰到Co₃O₄针状纳米棒表面,得到Co₃O₄/ZnO复合修饰的针灸针。研究发现此针灸针对葡萄糖具有较好的电流响应（2 264.27 μA·L·mmol^-1·cm^-2）、较快的响应速度（<4 s）及较低的检测极限（0.311 μmol·L^-1（S/N=3））。且该针灸针在用于检测人体模拟细胞液中葡萄糖浓度时,对抗坏血酸和尿素等表现出较强的抗干扰性。     

质子导体BaCe0.4Zr0.4M0.2O3-δ (M=In，Y，Gd，Sm)化学稳定性及电性能

采用高温固相法制备了不同阳离子掺杂的BaCe_0.4Zr_0.4M_0.2O_3-δ (M=In,Y,Gd,Sm)系列质子导体。运用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜分别对四类质子导体的物相结构、微观形貌进行了表征,应用IM6e型电化学工作站测定了其不同温度下的阻抗谱,并对样品在CO₂和沸水中的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明：除Sm³⁺掺杂的质子导体有少量的杂质相Sm₂O₃外,其他3种均为单相立方晶钙钛矿结构;对CO₂和沸水皆表现良好的化学稳定性;Y³⁺掺杂的质子导体具有高的电导率,800 ℃约为2.07×10^-2 S·cm^-1,空气气氛电导活化能为72.34 kJ·mol^-1。     

La0.9Sr0.1Al0.9Mg0.1O3-δ-Ca3(PO4)2-K3PO4复合电解质的合成及在常压天然气合成氨中的应用

La_0.9Sr_0.1Al_0.9Mg_0.1O_0.9(LSAM) was synthesized by the sol-gel method, an oxide-salt composite electrolyte LSAM-Ca₃(PO₄)₂-K₃PO₄ was prepared by mixing the LSAM and phosphates. The mixture was ground and sintered at 1 400 ℃. Using the LSAM electrolyte and its oxide-salt composite as solid electrolytes and silver-palladium alloy as electrodes, electrical conductivity was measured at different conditions. Ammonia was synthesized from wet natural gas and nitrogen at atmospheric pressure in the solid state proton conducting cell reactor and the optimal conditions for ammonia production were determined. The oxide-salt composite exhibited much higher ionic conductivity and ammonia production rate than that of the LSAM electrolyte at 400～800 ℃, the rate of evolution of ammonia was up to 5.30 × 10^-9 mol·cm^-2·s^-1.     

共沉淀法合成Yb3+∶Y2O3纳米粉及透明陶瓷的性能

以Y₂O₃为基质材料,掺杂不同含量的Yb³⁺,采用共沉淀法制备出性能良好的Yb³⁺∶Y₂O₃纳米粉,将粉体在1 700 ℃和真空度为1×10^-3 Pa下烧结5 h得到Yb³⁺∶Y₂O₃透明陶瓷。用XRD、TEM、UV-Vis、FL分别对样品的结构、形貌和发光性能进行了研究。结果表明：Yb³⁺完全固溶于Y₂O₃的立方晶格中,Yb³⁺∶Y₂O₃粉体大小均匀,近似球形,尺寸约40～60 nm。Yb³⁺∶Y₂O₃透明陶瓷相对密度为99.7%,在波长600～800 nm范围内其透光率达到80%。Yb³⁺∶Y₂O₃透明陶瓷在950 nm处吸收线宽达到26 nm,在1 031 nm和1 076 nm处的发射线宽分别为13 nm和17 nm。     

静电纺丝技术制备Y2O3∶Eu3+纳米带及其发光性质

采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVP/[Y(NO₃)₃+Eu(NO₃)₃]复合纳米带,将其进行热处理,获得了Y₂O₃∶Eu³⁺纳米带。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM、荧光光谱等技术对焙烧后的样品进行了表征。结果表明：600 ℃焙烧即可获得Y₂O₃∶Eu³⁺纳米带,800 ℃时结晶更为良好,产物属于立方晶系。纳米带表面光滑,由平均直径为30 nm的小颗粒紧密排列而成,为多晶结构。随着温度升高,纳米带宽度减小。焙烧800 ℃获得的Y₂O₃∶Eu³⁺纳米带的发光性质优于焙烧600 ℃的Y₂O₃∶Eu³⁺纳米带。与体材料相比,该纳米带的激发光谱Eu³⁺-O^2-电荷迁移态(CTB)发生红移,发射光谱发生蓝移。     

Stretchable and transparent hydrogels as soft conductors for dielectric elastomer actuators

A soft ionic conductor can serve as an artificial nerve in an artificial muscle. A polyacrylamide hydrogel is synthesized containing a hygroscopic salt, lithium chloride. Two layers of the hydrogel are used as ionic conductors to sandwich a dielectric elastomer and fabricate a highly stretchable and transparent actuator. When the two layers of the hydrogels are subject to a voltage, the actuator reduces its thickness and expands. An areal strain of 134% is demonstrated. The voltage‐strain curves are calculated by using a model that accounts for the elastic constraint of the hydrogel and the inhomogeneous deformation of the actuator. For actuators fabricated with the hydrogel of various thicknesses and with the dielectric elastomer of various prestretches, excellent agreements are found between experimental data and theoretical predictions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52, 1055–1060     

The systems Zr(Nb,Ti)(R)O2−δ, R=Yb, Ca—optimization of mixed conductivity and comparison with results of other systems (R=Y and Gd)

In this work we address the optimization of mixed conductivity in fluorite compounds based on zirconia. Phase relations of the new systems YbO_1.5-NbO_2.5-ZrO₂, and CaO-NbO_2.5-ZrO₂ are presented. The limit of the cubic defect fluorite phase in YbO_1.5-NbO_2.5-ZrO₂ closely resembles that of the system YO_1.5-NbO_2.5-ZrO₂, whilst in CaO-NbO_2.5-ZrO₂ is narrow extending to include composition Ca_0.255Nb_0.15Zr_0.595O_1.82 at 1500°C. The influence of dopant ion size, charge and composition on ionic conduction is assessed and parallels are drawn with the systems YO_1.5-NbO_2.5-ZrO₂ and YO_1.5-TiO₂-ZrO₂. Comparison of these results with published data on the Ti containing systems CaO-TiO₂-ZrO₂, GdO_1.5-TiO₂-ZrO₂ shows that the highest mixed conducting compositions can only be offered in the system YO_1.5-TiO₂-ZrO₂ out of all the systems here studied.     

钠快离子导体Na1+xZr2-yTiySixP3-xO12系统研究(Ⅰ)

以Na_3PO_4、ZrP_2O_7、SiO_2、ZrO_2、TiO_2为反应原料,在1173K—1473K的高温下进行固相反应,制备了钠快离子导体Na_(1 x)Zr_(2-y)Ti_ySi_xP_(3-x)O_(12)系统中x=1、y=0—2.0的一系列合成物。研究了它们的相变关系;测定了两个单纯相—211相和202相的电导率和电导激活能。 室温时,211相的电导率σ_(RT)=1.52×10~(-4)(Ω·cm)~(-1),202相的σ_(TR)=0.53×10~(-4)(Ω·cm)~(-1);623K时,211相的电导率σ_(623)=1.21×10~(-1)(Ω·cm)~(-1),202相的σ_(623)=0.88×10~(-2)(Ω·cm)~(-1)。 在523K～673K温区里,211相的电导激活能E_a为31.87kJ/mole,202相的E_a为33.16kJ/mole。     

High Ionic Conductivity in a LiFeO2–LiAlO2 Composite Under H2/Air Fuel Cell Conditions

New ionic conducting materials for electrolytes for electrochemical devices have been attracting the interest of researchers in energy materials. Here, for the first time, we report a conductive composite with high ionic conductivity derived from an electronic conductor α‐LiFeO₂ and an insulator γ‐LiAlO₂. High conductivity was observed in the α‐LiFeO₂–γ‐LiAlO₂ composite when prepared by a solid state reaction method. However, the conductivity enhancement in α‐LiFeO₂–γ‐LiAlO₂ composite was not observed when the two oxides were mechanically mixed. The α‐LiFeO₂–γ‐LiAlO₂ composite also exhibits O^2? or/and H⁺ ionic conduction which was confirmed through H₂/air fuel cell measurements. An exceptionally high conductivity of 0.50 S cm^?1 at 650 °C was observed under H₂/air fuel cell conditions. This provides a new approach to discover novel ionic conductors from composite materials derived from electronic conductors.     

聚丁二酸丁二酯与高氯酸锂络合物的结构与离子导电性

本文从丁二酸二甲酯和丁二醇合成了聚丁二酸丁二酯,并以高氯酸锂为掺杂剂制备了固体电解质。FT-IR、NMR、XPS测试发现酯基上的氧原子参与络合。WAXD、DSC等测试分析结果表明:络合物和聚酯的晶体相同;LiClO_4主要溶解在无定形区;盐的溶解降低聚酯的熔点、结晶度和结晶速度,而提高玻璃化温度;在低盐浓度区络合物熔点与盐浓度关系符合Flory-Huggins理论。络合物的电导率随盐浓度变化出现极大值,在低盐浓度区电导率与浓度的对数成线性关系。电解质的导电行为不能简单地为Arrhenius和WLF方程所解释。从扩散角度推导了导电方程,并描述了离子导电过程。     

La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3－α陶瓷的质子导电性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3－a陶瓷样品, 用XRD, DSC-TGA, SEM, 交流阻抗谱, 气体浓差电池及气体电化学透过等方法对样品的结构和性质进行了表征和测试. 首次对该样品的质子导电性能进行了研究. 该陶瓷样品具有良好的微观结构, 相对密度达95.1%; 氢浓差电池电动势的实测值与理论值吻合, 离子迁移数为1; 在干燥的氧气气氛中是一个纯的氧离子导体; 氢的电化学透过速率的实测值与理论值吻合, 证明该样品在氢气气氛中几乎是一个纯的质子导体, 质子电导率在1000 ℃时高达0.14 S•cm^－1.     

Functional electronics with discrete integrators based on superionic conductors

The possibilities for developing devices on the basis of superionic conductors for measuring and providing advance electric energy consumption and determining the integral index of luminous energy are considered. It is experimentally shown that the consumed charge and the illumination intensity in a certain time interval can be measured without feeding power to the devices. The measuring transducers are easy to design and realize. The reliability and reproducibility of results are supported.     

电/离子导体双包覆的LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2锂离子电池阴极材料及其电化学性能

高镍三元材料LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM)比容量高且成本低, 但材料结构在电化学循环过程中的不稳定性影响了其大规模的应用, 可采用表面包覆的策略来改善材料的结构稳定性, 从而提高其电化学性能. 本工作结合高速固相包覆法和高温烧结法, 分别将电子导体氧化锡锑(ATO)和锂离子导体偏磷酸锂(LOP)共同包覆在NCM材料表面. 双包覆后的NCM材料的电子电导率从2.17×10^-3 Ѕ•cm^-1提高至1.02×10^-2 Ѕ•cm^-1, 锂离子扩散系数也从7.05×10^-9 cm²•s^-1提高至2.88×10^-8 cm²•s^-1. 同时, NCM表面的双包覆层可以在循环过程中阻止电极材料与电解液发生氧化还原反应, 抑制材料不利相变, 减少氧的析出, 稳定材料结构. 电化学性能测试表明, 经过表面包覆后, NCM材料在1 C (180 mA•g^-1)的电流下和2.7~4.3 V (vs. Li/Li⁺)的电压范围内, 循环150周后容量为161.1 mAh•g^-1, 保持率为87.1%, 而在10 C的充放电倍率下具有133 mAh•g^-1的可逆比容量.