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1.
本文研究了2700 bp DNA片段在金属离子作用下,折叠缩合为复曲面的形成过程。以电子显微镜术为手段,经大量观测抽提出几种典型中间结构,并计算了各典型结构的尺度分布。作者由此推论,DNA缩合结构的形成过程是DNA链折叠与排列的过程;是无序到有序的转化过程。研究不仅证实缩合是有规则与有方向的,还进一步证实短DNA片段的缩合是多分子的缩合。  相似文献   

2.
环上取代基对苯乙酮和苯甲醛缩合反应的影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
陈万木  郭宏雄 《合成化学》1999,7(4):422-426
苯乙酮衍生物与苯甲醛衍生物缩合制备各种查尔酮,报道了4种苯乙酮衍生物与9种苯甲醛之间相互缩合的结果,讨论了环上取代基对缩合反应的影响。苯甲醛环上取代基,除羟基外无论是吸电子基还是给电子基对缩合反应收率影响都不大;羟基处于醛基邻位和对位的苯甲醛与几种苯乙酮衍生物的缩合,多数没有得到预期的产物,或收率极低;苯乙酮环上的羟基对缩合反应影响很大,羟基超多,缩合越困难。提出了一种假设,试图解释羟基对缩合反应  相似文献   

3.
KF/Al_2O_3催化的羰基与活性亚甲基化合物的缩合反应   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
在KF/Al_2O_3催化下,芳香醛与氰乙酸乙酯或氰乙酰胺发生羰基与亚甲基的缩合反应,得到高产率的缩合产物,且为E式结构。  相似文献   

4.
DNA缩合不仅是自然界常见的生理现象,也是非病毒载体介导基因转染的关键步骤。了解DNA体外缩合的性质与特征,将有助于设计出高效的非病毒转基因载体。本文综述了近十几年来以多价阳离子为缩合剂诱发的DNA体外缩合的研究进展,着重介绍了缩合的机理、过程、影响缩合的因素以及应用于转基因的最新成果。  相似文献   

5.
张俊  杨明  王安明  王华  周成  杜志强  祝社民  沈树宝 《有机化学》2008,28(12):2119-2125
微波反应下, 运用新型固相肽合成反应器, 深入研究了五种大位阻氨基酸与H-Pro-CTC树脂(CTC树脂, 2-氯三苯甲基氯树脂)的缩合反应. 使用三次缩合的策略, 分别在DMF/NMP/THF (V∶V∶V=1∶1∶1), NMP/DMSO/THF (V∶V∶V=4∶1∶1), DMF/DMSO/THF (V∶V∶V=4∶1∶1)混合溶剂中缩合一次, 每次缩合反应的最优条件为: 缩合试剂HBTU、氨基酸浓度7 mmol/L、微波辐射3 min、反应温度35 ℃、维持时间3 min, 与传统方法相比, 氨基酸的用量大大减少, 其过量倍数从5倍降低为2倍, 缩合反应速率提高了16倍以上. 五种大位阻氨基酸与H-Pro-CTC树脂的缩合率都提高到80%以上.  相似文献   

6.
由于Friedl nder缩合反应通常是以邻氨基苯甲醛为原料与各种含α 氢的醛或酮发生缩合 ,其缩合反应应用于杂环化学、天然产物化学、药物化学、配位化学、金属有机化学、不对称有机合成化学等诸多研究领域 .综述了国内外Friedl nder缩合反应的研究进展近况 .  相似文献   

7.
水介质中无催化剂下醛酮与活泼亚甲基化合物的缩合反应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
报道了水相中无催化剂下各种羰基化合物与活泼亚甲基化合物的Knoevenagel缩合反应. 芳香醛与活泼亚甲基化合物如丙二腈、氰基乙酸乙酯、氰基乙酰胺的缩合在室温下即能顺利进行, 获得了很高的收率; 而对于杂环芳醛、α,β-不饱和的醛以及脂肪醛与活泼亚甲基化合物的缩合, 需在50~65 ℃下进行, 也取得了很高的收率; 对于脂肪酮、芳香酮以及二元醛与丙二腈的缩合在75~85 ℃下也能顺利地进行, 获得中等以上的收率. 反应简单、高效而且对环境友好.  相似文献   

8.
Fmoc保护氨基酸与Wang树脂的缩合反应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了保护氨基酸、Wang 树脂取代度、树脂粒度、搅拌方式对Fmoc-氨基酸-Wang树脂连接效率的影响. 结果表明, 保护氨基酸分子量的大小会因产生不同的位阻而影响缩合反应的效率, 分子量越小缩合效率越高; Wang树脂的取代度较高时, 已缩合的氨基酸给后续保护氨基酸的缩合形成阻碍, 使缩合效率降低; 粒径较小和搅拌较好时, 对保护氨基酸的粒内外扩散有利, 可提高反应速度和缩合效率.  相似文献   

9.
Friedl(a)nder缩合反应研究新进展   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
杨定乔  吕芬  郭维 《有机化学》2004,24(4):366-373
由于Friedl(a)nder缩合反应通常是以邻氨基苯甲醛为原料与各种含α-氢的醛或酮发生缩合,其缩合反应应用于杂环化学、天然产物化学、药物化学、配位化学、金属有机化学、不对称有机合成化学等诸多研究领域.综述了国内外Friedl(a)nder缩合反应的研究进展近况.  相似文献   

10.
Revaprazan的合成   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
氟苯胺在浓硫酸的作用下与单氰胺缩合制得对氟苯胍碳酸盐(6);6再与2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯缩合得到嘧啶环化物(7);7经氯化后再与1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉缩合合成了Revaprazan,总收率42%.  相似文献   

11.
Lipid peroxidation process has attracted much attention due to the growing evidence of its involvement in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. The monitoring of the lipid peroxidation products in phospholipids, formed under oxidative stress conditions, may provide new markers for oxidative stress signaling and for disease states, giving new insights in the pathogenesis process. Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method coupled to mass spectrometry was developed for the separation of oxidized glycero-phosphatidylcholine (GPC) peroxidation products formed by the Fenton reaction that mimic in vivo oxidative stress conditions. The LC-MS conditions were applied for the separation of peroxidation products of oleoyl- (POPC), lineloyl- (PLPC) and arachidonoyl-palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (PAPC). The peroxidation products separated included products resulting from the insertion of oxygen atoms in the sn-2 chain (long-chain), and products with the sn-2 chain shortened resulting from cleavage of oxygen-centered radicals (short-chain). Among long-chain products were the keto, hydroxy, hydroperoxide and poly-hydroxy derivatives, while short-chain products included dicarboxylic acids, aldehydes and hydroxy-aldehydes. Separation of long-chain products formed in each phosphatidylcholine was observed, and the reconstructed ion chromatogram of each ion showed an increase in the number of peaks with the increase in the number of oxygen atoms inserted into the phospholipid. Separation of short-chain products took place according to the functional group present at the sn-2 moiety that allowed the elution of dicarboxylic acids distinct from aldehydes. Separation between isomeric structures that were present in short- and long-chain products was also achieved.  相似文献   

12.
聂雪梅  董旭阳  许秀丽  张峰 《色谱》2019,37(10):1084-1089
随着我国乳制品人均消费量的逐年增长,乳制品进口贸易量也与日俱增,因此对进口乳制品的质量控制具有重要意义。调查发现,进口超高温瞬时灭菌(UHT)奶(俗称常温奶)的糠氨酸含量显著高于国产UHT奶,存在加热过度、添加复原乳的问题。虽然目前无法对进口乳制品企业进行源头和加工工艺的监管,但可在乳制品热处理工艺控制领域中采用监测乳品中某种反映工艺条件的标志物来控制乳品的质量,其中糠氨酸就是乳制品加工过程中反映工艺条件的标志物。该文简述了目前国内外对乳制品加工过程中9种标志物的研究概况,以期能为完善我国乳制品加工过程中的监管制度提供理论依据,保障消费者权益。  相似文献   

13.
It was recently recognized that three different types of multi-component reactions (MCRs) exist. In preparative chemistry, the MCRs of type II form their products particularly efficiently. These reactions correspond to equilibria of educts and intermediate products, whose final products are formed practically irreversibly. In recent years, the four component reaction of the isocyanides (U-4CR) of type II and their unions with various reactions and MCRs have become an important industrial process for preparing products and their libraries. It has been demonstrated that all conceivable collections of U-4CR educts can be converted into the corresponding products. In the usual chemical reactions, only the substituents of the products can be varied, whereas the U-4CR and related reactions can also produce skeletally different types of products with diverse substituents. The preparative advantages of forming products by the one-pot MCRs and the great variety of the possible products are illustrated in this review.  相似文献   

14.
Electrochemistry combined with mass spectrometry represents an emerging analytical technique used to study the oxidation pathway of various drugs and in vivo occurring compounds, continuously showing a capability to generate many known metabolites or new oxidation products. An on‐line HPLC/EC/HR ESI‐MS method had been used to investigate the oxidation of selected cytokinin compounds. This setup allowed rapid identification and general structure elucidation of the obtained products. An electrochemical oxidation of isopentenyladenine resulted in five products, including hydroxylated and dehydrogenated products, which correlates very well with its in vivo metabolism. Electrochemical conversion of trans‐zeatin revealed six products, with two dehydrogenation products corresponding to its in vivo occurring metabolites. cis‐Zeatin oxidation in the electrochemical cell gave rise to eight products, resembling similarity to trans‐zeatin oxidation. All three compounds underwent a complete turnover mainly through two oxidation reactions occurring in the electrochemical cell? dehydrogenation and a less typical aliphatic hydroxylation. The resulting products are in correlation with their known in vivo metabolism.  相似文献   

15.
The Robinson annulation is a reaction that has been useful for numerous syntheses since its discovery in 1935, especially in the field of steroid synthesis. The products are usually obtained after three consecutive steps: the formation of an enolate (or derivative), a conjugate addition, and an aldol reaction. Over the years, several methodological improvements have been made for each individual step or alternative routes have been devised to access the Robinson annulation products. The first part of this Review outlines the most relevant developments towards the formation of monocarbonyl‐derived Robinson annulation products (MRA products, MRAPs) and activated monocarbonyl‐derived Robinson annulation products (AMRA products, AMRAPs). The following sections are then devoted to the diastereoselective and enantioselective synthesis of these products, while the last section describes the enantiomeric resolution of racemic mixtures.  相似文献   

16.
刘冰  武艺  陈宁  许颖  季宇彬 《化学通报》2021,84(10):1040-1047
结构多样的芳香类化合物一直被用作新药发现的线索或主要来源。通过对类药物天然产物进行异戊烯基化结构修饰,能有效提高芳香类化合物生物活性及生物利用度,为新药研究与开发提供简便高效的方法。本文综述了近年来芳香类化合物异戊烯基化的各种方法,以为今后研究提供参考。  相似文献   

17.
The article presents the method of recycling aluminum industry fluorine-containing waste products to produce hydrogen fluoride. We carried out the estimate of the thermodynamic parameters of sulfuric acidic recycling of fluorine-containing waste products. We considered the necessity of waste products preliminary oxidizing roast stage to reduce carbonic constituent due to the interaction between carbonic constituent blocks of the sulfuric acid and waste products. We also carried out the researches for kinetic characteristics and to determine the optimal conditions for the to recycle sulfuric acidic in the fluorine-containing waste products.  相似文献   

18.
To create a drug, nature's blueprints often have to be improved through semisynthesis or total synthesis (chemical postevolution). Selected contributions from industrial and academic groups highlight the arduous but rewarding path from natural products to drugs. Principle modification types for natural products are discussed herein, such as decoration, substitution, and degradation. The biological, chemical, and socioeconomic environments of antibacterial research are dealt with in context. Natural products, many from soil organisms, have provided the majority of lead structures for marketed anti-infectives. Surprisingly, numerous "old" classes of antibacterial natural products have never been intensively explored by medicinal chemists. Nevertheless, research on antibacterial natural products is flagging. Apparently, the "old fashioned" natural products no longer fit into modern drug discovery. The handling of natural products is cumbersome, requiring nonstandardized workflows and extended timelines. Revisiting natural products with modern chemistry and target-finding tools from biology (reversed genomics) is one option for their revival.  相似文献   

19.
以大肠杆菌(E.coli)为对象,采用环介导恒温扩增技术(LAMP)对其扩增,在实验室自制的毛细管电泳-诱导荧光平台上建立了LAMP产物的检测新方法。引物F3,B3,FIP,BIP扩增的E.coli LAMP产物大小为240 bp。优化的毛细管电泳条件为:毛细管有效长度/总长度(10 cm/15 cm),筛分介质溶液为0.5%羟乙基纤维素(1 300 K),电场强度(100 V/cm),进样条件(100 V/cm,1.0 s)。毛细管电泳时,DNA长度在100~500 bp范围内与其迁移时间呈线性关系,相关系数为0.996。在相同毛细管电泳条件下对E.coli LAMP产物进行分析,并利用这种线性关系在电泳图中对E.coli LAMP产物与假阳性产物做区分,结果表明,毛细管电泳技术不仅可在15 min内实现LAMP产物及附加产物的快速检测,而且可快速区分LAMP阳性及假阳性实验产物。采用建立的毛细管电泳快速检测LAMP产物的方法,对AB0174 E.coli基因实施了LAMP,结果表明该方法适合DNA LAMP产物的快速检测。  相似文献   

20.
参考相关产品的国家标准和《化妆品卫生规范》(2007年版),对化妆品及其原料采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,结合乙酰丙酮比色法测定甲醛。结果表明,该法排除了化妆品及其原料中乳化成分产生的浑浊对样品测定的干扰,为测定化妆品及其原料中的甲醛含量提供多种简便准确的途径。  相似文献   

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